Based on the perspective of innovation value chain, the agricultural technology innovation process is divided into two stages of scientific research output and achievement transformation.Using the panel data from provinces in China from 2000 to 2020,this paper comprehensively adopts SFA method and panel threshold model to empirically analyze the impact of FDI and economic development level on the agricultural technology innovation efficiency, and further explores the threshold characteristics among the three.The results show that FDI has a double threshold effect on the agricultural technology innovation efficiency in both stages, which is restricted by the level of regional economic development.Specifically, with the growth of economy, the influence of FDI on the scientific research output efficiency is not significant at first, and the coefficient changes from negative to positive, then crosses the“differentiation”threshold and becomes significantly positive.And it shows a“double inflection point”promotion effect on the achievements transformation efficiency, which first decreased and then increased.

为研究金融集聚对农业技术创新效率的影响,基于创新价值链视角,利用2000-2019年30个省、市、自治区的数据(统计数据未含西藏、香港、澳门和台湾地区.下同),首先,通过区位熵的方法分行业测算了不同年份各地区的金融集聚度.其次,运用两阶段DEA方法,测算了农业科研产出效率和成果转化效率水平.最后,借助空间杜宾模型实证分析了不同金融行业的集聚对两阶段农业技术创新效率的影响.结果表明:两阶段效率值存在明显的空间关联特性,且2019年两阶段技术创新效率值与最优前沿面分别存在28％和30％的差距;进一步对空间杜宾模型进行偏微分分解发现,金融集聚对农业科研产出效率有显著的促进作用,证券业和银行业集聚存在空间溢出,保险业集聚对农业成果转化效率存在抑制作用.

基于产出和效率双重视角,运用2000—2017年我国22个省、市、自治区的面板数据考察政府支持、外商直接投资对我国整体及东中西地区农业技术创新的影响.研究表明:我国农业技术创新的产出和效率值整体均呈上升趋势;财政支农和农发行贷款以集约式路径促进农业技术创新的发展,提高全国和各地区创新产出与效率;外商直接投资对技术创新的影响存在门槛效应,仅以粗放式路径提高我国的农业创新产出;区域层面,只有东部越过门槛,创新产出和效率均得到提升.

Translog Production Function model and the panel data of six provinces in middle China during 2000-2014 were adopted to systematically analyze the impact of government's support and marketization on agricultural technic innovation efficiency.Agricultural technic innovation efficiency was categorized into scientific research output efficiency (SE) and achievement transform efficiency (AE) to investigate the agricultural technical innovation efficiency in these provinces as well as its correlation with government and market.The results showed that the financial supports by local government had positive effect on both SE and AE.However,the financial supports by central government displayed certain negative effect on TE.Marketization also showed general negative effects on both SE and AE.In conclusion,on the process of improving agricultural technical innovation efficiency,we should choose the strategy of "Government takes the major role while market takes the minor role" in China.

为提高河南省粮食生产水平与农村劳动力资源的合理利用提供参考,基于2004-2013年河南省18个地市粮食生产相关数据,运用数据包络分析法测算河南省18个地市2004-2013年粮食生产的技术效率,并采用Tobit模型分析劳动力转移及其他因素对粮食生产技术效率的影响.结果表明:10年间18个地市的粮食生产技术效率平均值处于较高水平,但各地市间差异较大.城镇化水平与政府支农力度对粮食生产技术效率的影响为负,农业发展水平对粮食生产技术效率的影响为正,劳动力转移规模在上述因素的共同作用下,对粮食生产技术效率的影响为正.

以科研机构主导型为切入点,分析了湖北省构建科研机构主导型农业技术创新模式即“一体多翼双驱自组织”创新模式的紧迫性和可行性,提出该模式的形成过程与特点,并从内、外部驱动进行运行分析,为湖北省农业技术创新发展提供借鉴和参考.

The level of technological innovation capacity is not only reflected the country's position of competition in the world economy, but also affects its future-oriented industrial policy. Based on construction of appraising quota system of agricultural bio-industry technological innovation, the paper calculates the scores of agricultural bio-industry technological innovation capability of China, the United States, France, Canada, the United Kingdom and so on. And then, the paper makes overall evaluation of china's technological innovation capability of agricultural bio-industry.

Choice of bio-industry innovation path not only affects development of the industry,but also concerns with the country's bio-security.First,the paper studies technological innovation path of the US and EU from the perspective of innovation ways and models to achieve ways of agricultural bio-industry.And then,the paper compares them from power and pressure,support and models of innovation.At last,the paper discusses the reference and inspiration for China.

随着世界养殖业的不断发展,养殖污染给生态环境和人类身体健康带来的安全隐患已经受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要对从补偿主客体、补偿标准、补偿手段三个方面对国外养殖污染补偿制度进行了考察,研究认为这种补偿一方面是对养殖污染治理者的补偿,另一方面是对污染受害者的补偿,最后根据研究的结论对我国养殖业发展提出几点启示。

随着世界农业生物产业竞争的加剧,各国纷纷构建自身的国家自主创新体系以应对挑战。首先分析国家自主创新体系对当前我国农业生物技术创新和产业发展的重要性,然后从总体上构建了适合我国国情的"一体多翼双力"的国家自主创新网络体系,并围绕自主创新环节具体构建了知识技术创新、知识传播、制度保障、创新服务4个子体系。

随着世界养殖业的不断发展,养殖污染已经给生态环境和人身体健康带来安全隐患,受到人们的广泛关注。本文主对从补偿主客体、补偿标准、补偿手段3个方面对发达国家养殖污染补偿制度进行了分析,认为这种补偿一方面是对养殖污染治理者的补偿,另一方面也是对污染受害者的补偿。最后根据研究的结论对我国养殖业发展提出几点启示。

The success of independent innovation is determined by its innovative models. First, based on dual analysis of the optimal model, the paper discusses the basic model of agricultural bio-industry, which is combination of original innovation and integrated innovation. And then, the paper chooses specific model of independent innovation of Chinese agricultural bio- industry according to its innovation individuals, resources, technical and economic strength.

经济学是经济管理类专业的基础课程,具有十分重要的地位。文章结合经济学课程的特点,阐述实践教学在经济学教学中的重要意义,并提出了课堂实验、案例教学及学生课外实践等具体实践教学的方式及应用,最后探讨了经济学实践教学中应注意的一些具体事项。

目前,世界各国为抢占生物技术的制高点,纷纷致力于制定促进生物产业技术创新的各项政策。本文首先在理论上分析了政府介入农业生物产业技术创新的依据与作用,然后深入剖析了农业生物产业技术创新政策发挥作用的内在机理,在此基础上,笔者构建了促进农业生物产业技术创新的政策机制。

一国产业技术创新途径选择的正确与否关系着产业发展的快慢和国家竞争实力的高低。本文在比较自主创新与模仿创新两种途径的特点、条件和对产业发展影响的基础上,用博弈论的方法分析了不同情况下产业技术创新途径的最优选择,旨在为产业技术创新提供参考。

本文通过对国外主要发达国家和中国的农业生物技术产业政策进行分析比较,得出启示,探讨如何为该产业的发展提供有利的政策支持,促进中国农业生物技术产业的蓬勃发展。

目前,世界各国为抢占生物技术的制高点,纷纷致力于制定促进生物产业技术创新的各项政策。本文分析政府介入农业生物产业技术创新的依据与作用,剖析农业生物产业技术创新政策发挥作用的内在机理,在此基础上,构建我国促进农业生物产业技术创新的政策机制。

一、技术专家领街企业的农业生物技术推广模式的形成 任何一种农业技术推广模式的形成都是市场、农业技术推广资源及社会经济发展与体制共同作用的结果,且随着各方因素的变化,旧的模式将逐渐被打破或舍弃,新的模式会应势而生.

Mode of Agricultural Biotechnology Extension is an important force for scientific and technical transformation and development of related industry.Based on analysis of four kinds of main mode of agricultural technology extension,the paper sets up and improves the mode and operating mechanism of agricultural biotechnology extension of technical experts-run enterprise type.And then the paper discusses the development of this mode.

With the rapid development of genetic technology, the agricultural bio-industry entered a new stage. An overview of achievements of agricultural bio-industry in China was given and main problems existing in bio-industry analyzed in the paper. Solutions and strategies for the development of bio-industry were proposed at the end.