为了探究丝织物的稳定同位素是否会受染色、试剂、环境等因素干扰,以光、热、酸、碱几类条件对丝绸进行老化模拟,同时利用茜草、紫草等进行染色与剥色处理,测定并分析丝绸中的813C、δ15N两种稳定同位素比值变化.结果表明,几种老化因素对丝绸中的δ13C值影响较小,且无明显规律性,除蒸馏水处理的第25天上升了 0.7个千分点,其他组别的变化幅度均不超过0.5个千分点;LED灯光、紫外灯光照射促使丝绸δ15N值整体上升,变化幅度在1个千分点内;酸、碱液体处理的丝绸中δ15N值整体上升,乙酸组的最大变幅为1.7个千分点,氨水组的最大变幅为0.6个千分点;240 ℃以上高温条件使得15N逐渐富集,最大变幅达3.6个千分点.对丝绸进行染色处理导致其15N发生贫化,且在剥色后有了一定的恢复,说明剥色处理有助于提高丝绸稳定同位素测定的准确性.本研究结果为古丝绸的原产地溯源提供了理论支持,也为丝绸文物储存条件的把控提供了 一定的参考.

丝绸具有重要的经济与文化价值.为探究桑蚕品种对丝绸产地溯源模型准确率的影响,本研究通过桑蚕饲养试验,采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和椭圆联合置信区间(EJCR)测试探讨桑蚕从幼虫至吐丝结茧的不同发育阶段蚕体、蚕沙样本中4种稳定同位素比值(δ13C、δ15N、δ2H、δ18O)的变化趋势,并比较不同品种对稳定同位素比值的影响.结果表明,不同龄期蚕体的δ13C、δ15N、δ2H和δ18O值变化趋势不同,且不同龄期蚕沙的稳定同位素比值变化趋势与蚕体相似.单因素方差分析结果表明,在相同饲喂条件下,除少数龄期外,不同品种之间蚕体和蚕沙样本稳定同位素组成总体不存在显著差异,且蚕体和蚕沙样本的δ13C、δ15N、δ2H相关性较强.桑蚕品种可能导致蚕茧中单个稳定同位素出现较大变化,对δ13C、δ18O影响较小,对δ15N、δ2H影响较为显著,但椭圆联合置信区间测试结果表明,不同品种蚕茧样本间不会出现显著性差异.因此稳定同位素技术可应用于不同品种蚕茧的产地溯源,这为后续丝绸产地溯源研究提供了理论基础.

为研究辐照对鲈鱼过敏原生化性质、抗原性及二级结构的影响,本试验采用0、3、5、7、9kGy剂量电子束辐照鲈鱼小清蛋白溶液及冻干粉,测定其浓度、浊度、疏水性、分子量和抗原性的变化,以及二级结构的含量.结果表明,随着辐照剂量增大,小清蛋白冻干粉及溶液的浓度降低,疏水性提高,浊度增加,过敏条带变浅,免疫印迹条带变浅,小清蛋白与抗体的结合能力减弱,抗原性降低;α-螺旋及无规则卷曲比例升高,β-折叠及β-转角变化不明显,二级结构被破坏.综上,电子束辐照使小清蛋白生化性质及结构发生了变化,有效降低了小清蛋白的抗原性,同时发现液态小清蛋白较固态对辐照更敏感.本研究结果为鲈鱼及其制品辐照消敏研究提供了理论依据.

蚕茧产地溯源是丝绸原产地溯源的基础.本研究为了探究蚕茧产地溯源最适方法,以不同产地的蚕茧为研究对象,利用不同产区蚕茧的13C、15N、18O和2H同位素组成,通过单因素方差分析、多重比较分析、Fisher线性判别分析留一法交叉验证,最后建立蚕茧产地溯源模型.单因素方差分析结果表明,不同产地蚕茧的δ13C、δ15N、δ18O和δ2H均存在差异,大部分达到显著水平;多种指标耦合效果优于单一同位素指标,且判别分析结果表明,随着耦合指标的增加,产地初始判别率和交叉判别率逐渐提高;利用δ13C、δ18O、δ15N和δ2H4个指标建立的溯源模型的初始判别率为84.5％,交叉判别率为77.6％.本研究结果为蚕茧产地鉴别提供了一定的理论依据,为后续丝绸原产地溯源提供了溯源基础.

为保护高值热带作物榴莲的原产地信息,采集马来西亚、泰国、柬埔寨和越南共4个产区73份不同品种榴莲样本,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定榴莲果核与榴莲果肉中28种矿物元素含量,结合方差分析、主成分分析、Fisher逐步判别分析和BP人工神经网络,建立基于矿物元素的榴莲产地判别模型并验证其准确率.结果 表明,榴莲果核和果肉中分别有16种和13种矿物元素在4个产区存在显著差异;主成分分析中前6个主成分累计贡献率为85.207％,代表矿物元素含量的主要信息;将有显著差异的元素代入Fisher逐步判别方程,结果发现单一榴莲果核及榴莲果肉判别准确率较低,榴莲果核和榴莲果肉耦合指标显著提高判别准确率,筛选出果核中Li、Be、Mg、Mn、Rb元素和果肉中Be、Ag、Ba元素8项指标构建榴莲产地溯源模型,模型的初始验证准确率为91.8％,交叉验证准确率为90.4％;将有显著差异的元素代入BP人工神经网络模型,榴莲果核As、Ag、Al、Rb和果肉中Ag元素为BP人工神经网络前5重要元素,模型训练验证准确率为96.1％,检验验证准确率为95.5％.初步证明利用矿物元素指纹特征结合化学计量学方法对东南亚产地榴莲判别具有可行性.

通过"课前观看视频或者微课或者资料等"翻转课堂模式,完成知识的传递及课上交流讨论的辅导探究,来实现学生的知识内化,推动传统课堂教学的革新和完善.本文结合作者以往的教学经验,提出基于思维导图的方式进一步提升翻转课堂的教学效果,为增强高校基础专业课的教学效果提供一定参考案例.

Determining the geographical origin of specialty fruits imported into China is important to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers against mislabeled origin fruits and may provide a regulatory tool to verify fruit sold into international markets. This study aims to establish an accurate and effective method to identify the geographical origin of south-east Asian durian, which could be further used to improve the traceability of similar imported fruits. In this study, 73 durian were collected from Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. We analyzed durian core and pulp using five stable isotopes (delta 15N, delta 13C, delta 34S, delta 2H and delta 18O) and elemental contents: nitrogen (% N), carbon (% C) and sulfur (% S). Two way-ANOVA (two-way analysis of variance) was used to identify major origin differences for each variable. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were used as exploratory techniques and classification parametrics. Two way-ANOVA showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the geographical origin and durian tissue type. The durian core afforded better origin traceability than durian pulp. LDA achieved durian origin accuracy rates of 98.6 % and 97.3 % for the testing and training sets respectively by combining stable isotopes and elemental contents. ANN gave higher accuracy rates than LDA, correctly identifying durian origin with an accuracy of 100 % for the training set, and 94.4 % on the testing set. This research found stable isotopes and elemental compositions could be used to potentially discriminate the geographical origins of durian from four south-east Asian countries.

Adulteration of high-quality meat with their cheaper counterparts can be minimized by rapid and reliable methods for detecting meat species. Here an isothermal cross-primer amplification (CPA) technique combined with colloidal gold nucleic acid test strips (CPA strips) was developed to differentiate cow, sheep, arctic fox, and pig meat. A simple primer design for multiplex differentiation using a universal single-labeled CPA primer system and four detection-level species-specific labeling primers were analyzed by colloidal gold-based test strip assay. Moreover, simultaneous detection of fox and pig meat on a double-test line strip was feasible. The CPA strip assay indicated a lower amounts sensitivity of 0.3 ng DNA when one targeted species was tested and a detection limit of 1% when arctic fox meat was detected in the meat mixtures. Using a minimal set of primers, this study provides a promising tool for detecting the species of different types of meat using a constant temperature amplification technology.

仪式祝词是一种以口头形式流传于民间、在一些特定活动中吟诵的诗化语言形式.通过实地的田野调查,资料搜集、整理与译释了现仍流传于裕固族地区、用东部裕固语诵说的五个仪式祝词,以期为该民族民间口传文化的传承与保护提供有价值的参考.

β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), the predominant protein in bovine whey, was chemically modified by (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to develop a biomacromolecule with antioxidant activity. The EGCG-modified β-lg was characterized by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF MS and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of EGCG-modified β-lg was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging activity, iron chelating ability, and inhibition of Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation. SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS results indicated the dimerization of β-lg after EGCG modification. Intrinsic fluorescence spectra suggested that EGCG modification caused an alteration in the conformational structure of β-lg. The results demonstrated that EGCG-modified β-lg possessed great antioxidant potential in terms of scavenging DPPH radical and chelating ferrous ion. Furthermore, the EGCG-modified β-lg showed a protective effect against LDL peroxidation. The results indicate that EGCG-modified β-lg could provide significant health benefits as an antioxidant.

《跨语言及跨学科的引语现象研究》是一部跨领域的综合性论文集,用跨学科跨语言的视角,在多种语言及不同子学科之间建立了联系,展示了目前与引语结构相关的最具创新性及影响力的研究成果,基于自然语料跨语言跨领域地研究了引语相关方面的共性和特点,以期加深对引语现象的认识,同时这种跨学科的研究也会使研究成果具有更广泛的可用性和相关性.文章将对《跨语言及跨学科的引语现象研究》进行简要概述,然后对其所收录的论文逐篇论述,最后对优缺点进行简评并提出该卷对于汉语研究的启发.

翻转课堂模式是指学生在课下对以教学视频为主的教学材料进行自主学习,课上则在教师的指导下完成作业、提问,或开展项目实践、应用实验、协作学习和深度研讨等活动的学习方式.结合食品质量与安全专业的课程特色,提出在高校专业基础实验课中引用翻转课堂教学模式,并对实施效果进行评价,为增强高校专业实验课教学效果提供一定参考依据.

集中实验实践环节是培养大学生综合素质和创新能力的重要途径.以中国计量大学食品质量与安全专业的专业综合实验改革为例,紧扣学校行业特色和专业人才培养特色,从实验设计和内容上体现“计量、质量、标准和规范”特色和食品从生产到消费全过程控制,建立规范的专业综合实验课程体系.

自上世纪70-80年代以来,“参考语法”越来越受到语言学界的重视,编写“参考语法”的语种也逐步增多.本世纪初,语言的保护或保存以及语言资源受到普遍关注,相关研究也取得了丰硕的成果.《参考语法的艺术:实用手册》从语言参考语法的重要性、语言的基本要素如音系、词类、语法关系、语境下的语言、语言的样貌、以及如何整合参考语法等方面进行了梳理,向读者呈现出了参考语法的艺术,为语言的参考语法编写提供了实用的价值与指引.

本文根据M.S.Dryer (2007)对于VO型语言语序共性的总结,选取田野调查的一手邹语语料,探讨邹语是否符合语序共性现象.研究结果发现邹语整体的语序类型是符合VO型语言的共性,呈现和谐的现象.唯一的例外是“动词+方式副词”的组合.在邹语中,方式副词必须前置于动词,邹语没有方式副词后置于动词的情况.

This experiment was to study the constituents of the roots of Viburnum setigerum through various column chromatographic techniques. Thirteen compounds were obtained and their structures were identified using chemical and spectroscopic methods as (7αH, 8'αH)-4, 4', 8α-trihydroxy-3, 3', 9-trimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (1), (7αH, 8'αH)-4, 4', 8α, 9-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (2), alashinol G (3), alashinol F (4), (-)-secoisolariciresinol (5), (7R, 7'R, 8R, 8'S)-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 7'-epoxylignane -4, 4', 9, 9'-tetraol (6), (7αH, 8αH, 8'βH)-4, 4', 7'α, 9-tetrahydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxy-7, 9'-epoxylignan (7), loganin (8), dihydroquercetin (9), protocatechuic acid (10), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzoic acid (11), adoxoside (12), and catechin (13). Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 3-7 and 11 were reported from the genus Viburnum for the first time. All compounds were separated from this plant for the first time.

从音节结构的角度探讨Chabacano语名词的重音分布.通过提出三条音系规则解释Chabacano语名词的重音分布,并发现Chabacano语中音节结构对重音指派的影响颇大,然而有例外存在,因此引入词汇重音解释例外现象.

In order to evaluate the effect of temperature fluctuations during the cold chain transportation and the effect of electron beam irradiation on quality and the shelf life of large yellow croaker,Fish samples were investigated through three treatments:stored at-18℃,with temperature fluctuations of (-18℃-0℃-18℃-0℃),and group treated with irradiation (0,1,2 and 4 kGy).Changes in aerobic plate count (APC),total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N),2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS),amino acids and volatile gas were measured.The results showed that indicators for large yellow croakers which were stored at-18℃ were stable,but the indexes of large yellow croakers experienced temperature fluctuations were much more different (P ＜ 0.05) and the shelf life were decreased to 26 d.However,once the large yellow croaker were irradiated by 1 kGy,2 kGy and 4kGy,the increase of APC and TVB-N were slowed down,and better effect can be obtained when the dose was increased;at the same time,irradiation treatment has no significant influence on amino acids and volatile gas.An exception can be found for the TBARS which value was higher than the control group at the beginning of storage when the fish was irradiated by 1 kGy and 2 kGy dose,during the storage there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05),4 kGy dose had a negative effect on the fat oxidation of large yellow croakers,and the TBARS value was at a high level after irradiation.At the end of storage,it was increased to 0.614 mg MDA· 100-1· g-1 In conclusion,during the cold chain transportation,irradiation with dosage of 2 kGy can maintain the quality of large yellow croakers and avoiding the temperature fluctuations.The results of this research provides references for storage and transportation of frozen large yellow croaker.

本文对台湾嘉义县阿里山邹语语言概况进行简要描写,主要内容包括语音、词汇、构词及语法特点等.文章最后附上斯瓦迪士200核心词列表.