Recent years has witnessed urgent needs for addressing the curse of dimensionality regarding multi-label data, which attracts wide attention for feature selection. Feature relevance terms are often constructed depending on the amount of information contributed by selected features or candidate features to the label set in previous multi-label feature selection approaches based on information theory. Although it is important to consider the amount of information, they ignore both the changed ratio for the undetermined amount of information and the changed ratio for the established amount of information, two types of changed ratios regarding feature relevance evaluation cannot be underestimated. To this end, we devise a new feature relevance term, Relevance based on Weight (RW), which is based on two types of changed ratios. Both two types of changed ratios have positive or negative impacts regarding feature relevance evaluation. A novel multi-label feature selection approach, Relevance based on Weight Feature Selection (RWFS), is proposed based on RW. To verify the effectiveness, the proposed approach is compared to eight state-of-the-art multi-label approaches on thirteen real-world data sets. The experimental results present that RWFS approach has superior performance than other eight compared approaches.

Mechanisms of acquired resistance to three purine analogues, 2-chloro-2′-deoxyadenosine (cladribine, CdA), 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyl-2-fluoroadenine (fludarabine, Fara-A), and 2-chloro-2′-arabino-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (clofarabine, CAFdA) were investigated in a human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (CCRF-CEM). These analogues are pro-drugs and must be activated by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK). The CdA and CAFdA resistant cell lines exhibited increased resistance to the other nucleoside analogues activated by dCK. This was also the case for the Fara-A resistant cells, except that they were sensitive to CAFdA and guanosine analogues. The CdA and CAFdA resistant cells displayed a deficiency in dCK activity (to <5%) while the Fara-A resistant cells showed only a minor reduction of dCK activity (20% reduction). The activity of high Km 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) (cN-II) using IMP as substrate, was 2-fold elevated in the resistant cell lines. The amount of the small subunit R2 of ribonucleotide reductase (RR) was higher in the Fara-A resistant cells, which translated into a higher RR activity, while CdA and CAFdA cells had decreased activity compared to the parental cells. Expression of the recently identified RR subunit, p53R2 full-size protein, in CAFdA cells was low compared to parental cells, but a protein of lower molecular weight was detected in CdA and CAFdA cells. Co-incubation of Fara-A with the RR inhibitor 3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid (didox) enhanced cytotoxicity in the Fara-A resistant cells by a factors of 20. Exposure of the cells to the nucleoside analogues studied here also caused structural and numerical instability of the chromosomes; the most profound changes were recorded for CAFdA cells, as demonstrated by SKY and CGH analysis. We conclude that down-regulation of dCK in cells resistant to CdA and CAFdA and increased activity of RR in cells resistant to Fara-A contribute to resistance.

通过对临床医学研究生思想政治教育状况调查数据分析,探讨新时代临床医学研究生思想政治教育育人体系,研究思想政治教育如何适应时代要求,创新管理模式及长效机制,提升临床医学研究生思想政治教育质量.

Recent years, multi-label feature selection has gradually attracted significant attentions from machine learning, statistical computing and related communities and has been widely applied to diverse problems from music recognition to text mining, image annotation, etc. However, traditional multi-label feature selection methods employ cumulative summation strategy to design methods, which suffers from the problem of overestimation the redundancy of some candidate features. Additionally, the cumulative summation strategy will lead to the high value of the goal function when one candidate feature is completed related with one or few already-selected features, but it is almost independent from the majority of already-selected features. To address these issues, we propose a new multi-label feature selection method named Feature Redundancy Maximization (FRM), which combines the cumulative summation of conditional mutual information with the `maximum of the minimum' criterion. Additionally, FRM can be rewritten as another form of multi-label feature selection method that employs interaction information as a measure of feature redundancy that obtains an accurate score of feature redundancy as the number of already-selected features increases. Finally, extensive experiments are implemented on fourteen benchmark multi-label data sets in comparison to six state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

Multi-label data often involve features with high dimensionality and complicated label correlations, resulting in a great challenge for multi-label learning. Feature selection plays an important role in multi-label learning to address multi-label data. Exploring label correlations is crucial for multi-label feature selection. Previous information-theoretical-based methods employ the strategy of cumulative summation approximation to evaluate candidate features, which merely considers low-order label correlations. In fact, there exist high-order label correlations in label set, labels naturally cluster into several groups, similar labels intend to cluster into the same group, different labels belong to different groups. However, the strategy of cumulative summation approximation tends to select the features related to the groups containing more labels while ignoring the classification information of groups containing less labels. Therefore, many features related to similar labels are selected, which leads to poor classification performance. To this end, Max-Correlation term considering high-order label correlations is proposed. Additionally, we combine the Max-Correlation term with feature redundancy term to ensure that selected features are relevant to different label groups. Finally, a new method named Multi-label Feature Selection considering Max-Correlation (MCMFS) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate the classification superiority of MCMFS in comparison to eight state-of-the-art multi-label feature selection methods.

We aimed to investigate sleep quality and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer disease (AD). A total of 221 participants were divided into the following five groups: normal controls (NCs), SCD without memory concerns (SCD-0), SCD with memory concerns (SCD-1), MCI, and AD according to their cognitive status. Compared with NC, individuals with SCD-0, SCD-1, MCI, and AD had more sleep problems and reduced HRQOL. Participants with poor sleep quality had an increased risk of cognitive impairment compared with participants with good sleep quality. Within all five subgroups, individuals with poor sleep quality reported more difficulties in HRQOL than individuals with good sleep quality. Future studies employing a longitudinal design, larger samples, and objective evaluation tools are needed.

本文以临床医学研究生岗位胜任力为导向,探讨临床医学研究生思想政治教育工作的长效管理机制.在实践中以丰富临床医学研究生思想政治教育的内涵为工作探索目标,结合临床医学研究生学习和工作的实际情况,建立一项可持续发展的临床医学研究生思想政治教育长效机制,以保障和发展临床医学研究生的教育和培养质量,提升临床医学人才的培养质量.

对园艺疗法的概念、理论基础、干预方式、应用效果及现存问题进行综述,以了解该护理干预措施在痴呆照护领域的应用现状,为我国老年痴呆患者的照顾和护理提供参考,以提高老年痴呆患者的生活质量.

目的 将循证卫生保健理念和方法引入到护理研究生专业课教学中,以提高研究生科研素养.方法 以2016年JBI循证卫生保健模式为框架,在护理研究生《急救护理学》课程中学习“美国心脏病协会2015版心肺复苏指南”,并采用对分课堂教学模式开展教学实践.结果 护理研究生经过教学改革,在急救专业知识和护理科研能力方面得到了提高.结论 通过该教学改革,将循证卫生保健理念、急救专业内容与护理科研方法融合,开阔了研究生学术视野,提高了研究生科研素养和综合能力.

[目的]探讨体验教学在康复护理学实验教学中的应用过程及效果.[方法]设定具体教学场景,由学生进行角色扮演,体验病人感受,练习护理技能,分组汇报,总结评价.课后发放教学效果评价表93份,学生匿名独立填写,统一回收.[结果]问卷有效率为100%.95.70%的学生认为情景体验教学有利于调动学习积极性,98.92%的学生认为有利于理论知识的理解和掌握,92.47%的学生认为有利于锻炼沟通能力和人文关怀,91.40%的学生认为有利于培养临床思维能力.[结论]在康复护理学课程中应用体验教学可调动学生学习主动性,激发学习兴趣,深化理论知识的理解,培养学生的临床思维能力和护患沟通能力.

研究生扩招给研究生培养体系带来了严峻的考验,新时期研究生培养质量保障体系建设和改革具有重要意义.本文探讨与总结了吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院在研究生培养过程质量监控方面进行改革,通过建立优质的学术平台,提高研究生的学术氛围,加强研究生的学术交流;通过课程体系的改革,提高研究生课程教学效果;并加强研究生的毕业论文质量监管,充分确保毕业论文质量;在研究生的培养过程中实施质量跟踪和监控.通过这些改革实践,研究生培养质量方面取得较好的效果.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of the content of trace elements Cu and Zn in mild cognitive impairment patients.Methods Databases including PubMed,EMbase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP,CBM and WanFang were searched (from January 1990 to May 2016) to collect literature on the content of Cu and Zn among mild cognitive impairment patients.The included studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.After extracting data and appraising the quality of the included studies,meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software.Results Seven case-control studies with a total of 1236 people were included.The results showed that the seven studies were qualified.The content of Cu in patients with mild cognitive impairment was significantly higher than normal control group [SMD=0.33,(95％CI=0.16,0.50),P=-0.0002] but lower than Alzheimer's disease group [SMD=-0.25,95％ CI(-0.49,-0.02),P=0.03).Patients with mild cognitive impairment had less Zn than normal control group[SMD=-0.31,95％ CI=(-0.61--0.02),(P=0.03)].The content of Zn in patients with mild cognitive impairment has no significant difference with Alzheimer's disease group [SMD=0.29,95％ CI=(-0.18,0.76),(P=0.22)].Conclusion The aged people with cognitive impairment have the decreased content of Cu and increased content of Zn.

Objective To understand the cognition of clinical medical postgraduates' professional ethics,in order to provide the basis for the further development of graduate professional ethics education.Methods The survey was carried out among 650 graduate students of the first hospital of Jilin University by self-designed questionnaires.The questionnaires included the general situation and the understanding of professional ethics of medicine.All data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0,using Chi-square test to compare the results in different grades about the understanding of professional ethics.Results In this study,a total of 650 questionnaires were issued,and 629 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 96.7％.Most graduates' professional values were in line with the socialist core values.For example,for the attitude of medical workers to accept "red envelopes",410 graduate students (65.2％) firmly opposed to accepting this behavior.For the purpose of the study medicine,there was no statistically significant difference among different grades (P=0.273).For the attitude of red paper,the main problem in medical ethics education and the biggest factor for graduates,there was statistically significant difference among different grades (P=0.012,P=0.002,P=0.002,respectively).Conclusion At present,the professional ethics of postgraduates in clinical medicine is in good condition,but still needs to be improved.We can give further education and guidance to students for the problems existing in graduate students of different grades.

Sleep disturbance frequently occurs in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and appears to be involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review is to clarify whether patients with MCI demonstrate alterations in certain sleep parameters: total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep latency (SL), rapid eye movement latency (REML), percent of rapid eye movement (REM%), arousal index (AI), wake after sleep onset (WASO), slow-wave sleep (SWS), periodic leg movement in sleep (PLMS), and cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) through polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were searched up to January 2016 to collect literature on the correlation between sleep disturbance and MCI as assessed by objective measures. Meta-analysis was conducted using the Review Manager 5.3 software. A total of ten case-control studies involving 225 MCI patients and 235 healthy elders (HE) were deemed eligible and included in our meta-analysis. Every type of sleep disturbance was present in our studies with significant differences in the MCI subtypes. Compared with HE, overall MCI patients as a group expressed more SL and less SE; MCI patients showed less TST and SE and more SL and CAP; patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) had less AI; patients with non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) had more TST and less AI. Patients with naMCI expressed more AI than those with aMCI. The results indicate that MCI patients might experience more serious sleep disturbance and that different MCI subtypes have different patterns of sleep disturbance.

Objective To explore the effects of transitional care based on Wechat in discharged patients with intestinal stoma.Methods A total of 120 inpatients with intestinal stoma in department of stomach,intestine,colon,rectum and anus in China-Japan Union Hospital,Jilin University were recruited in 2015. They were randomly divided into observation group (n=60,routine health education on leaving hospital and transitional care through Wechat provided by members of the Wechat transitional care group for discharged patients,6 months follow-up) and control group (n=60,routine health education on leaving hospital and normally further consultation in outpatient service of stoma,6 months follow-up) according to the order of leaving hospital. The complications rate on intestinal stoma between two groups was compared at the first,third and sixth month after leaving hospital. The depression and satisfaction with nursing care was compared too at the sixth month. Results One month after leaving hospital,the incidence rates of infection in sutures around stoma and mucosa membrane separation in control group were significantly higher than those in observation group (P<0.05). Three months after leaving hospital,the incidence rates of dermatitis,infection in sutures around stoma and granuloma in control group were significantly higher than those in observation group (P<0.05). Six months after leaving hospital,the incidence rates of dermatitis and granuloma in control group were significantly higher than those in observation group (P<0.05). The score of depression in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Besides,the satisfaction with nursing care in observation group was higher than that in control group with a significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusions The transitional care based on Wechat has great significance in improving depression,reducing the incidence rates of complications on intestinal stoma and improving the satisfaction with nursing care. It is worth to be used widely.

Cartography and geographic information systems professional is the secondary discipline under the geography, but it is far beyond the scope of geography.On the basis of full investigation and study of the current situation of the development of University in China, to explore and analyze the aspect of postgraduate education teaching philosophy, teaching methods, training objectives, curriculum, teaching experiment and practice innovation ability aspect, teachers, postgraduate training etc, finally put forward the content of the key construction of the discipline, has important significance for the discipline of graduate training.

传统的家庭养老功能不断弱化，老年人更倾向于选择机构养老。而城市的老年人群对养老机构的需求更高。非营利性养老机构具有非营利性、非政府性、志愿公益性的属性和特点〔1〕，其服务提供能力和质量直接影响着入住老年人的生活质量及养老机构的良性发展。本文旨在了解目前城市非营利性养老机构的服务现状。

目的 了解城市社区老年人养老服务需求及影响因素.方法 方便抽取吉林、浙江、江苏、四川4省6个城市60岁及以上的社区老年人219例,进行问卷调查及深入访谈.结果 47.0%的社区老人愿意入住养老机构,92.3%认为需要建设更多的非营利性养老机构.入住意愿的影响因素主要有年龄、婚姻状况、慢性病、独立生活能力(P<0.05),尤以独立生活能力(P<0.01)为最.结论 中国城市社区老年人群机构养老意愿比例日渐上升,机构养老将成必然趋势,入住非营利性养老机构会是普遍选择.需强化政府作用,保障老年人合法权益,构建和谐老龄化社会.

[目的]探索急危重症护理学双语教学改革方法，分析双语教学效果与存在的问题，探讨提高双语教学质量的对策。[方法]结合国内外教材对急危重症护理学教学内容进行重组，并对2012级68名护理本科生急危重症护理学课双语教学效果进行调查，分析教学效果与存在的问题。[结果]急危重症护理学开展双语教学有助于学生开阔视野，提高专业英语水平；双语教材仍有待改进，教师的双语教学素质有待提高。[结论]双语教材选择、教学手段、教师与学生双方的英语水平是影响双语教学效果的关键因素。对中英文教材进行重组，探索适合我国国情的双语教学内容，提高教师的双语教学素质，是护理双语教学改革的任务。

在开展临床医学硕士专业学位研究生培养与住院医师规范化培训有效衔接培养模式,医教协同培养专业学位研究生,强化临床实践能力培养的同时,要重视研究生职业道德教育工作.本文重点探讨了参加住院医师培训的专业学位研究生的职业道德教育现状,进一步探析了研究生思想政治教育工作机制与职业道德提升关系.