Urban waterfront areas are dynamic interfaces where human and natural systems converge, forming complex ecosystems that encompass social, economic, and environmental elements. These areas offer ecological benefits and aesthetic experiences. However, a disparity between social aesthetic preferences and vegetation diversity along riverbanks impedes the integration of ecological and aesthetic values. To address this, a plant community optimization strategy based on a coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) is proposed. Using the Xietang River in Suzhou, China as a case study, surveys were conducted on 33 woody plant plots and 60 herbaceous plant plots, assessing plant diversity with Shannon-Wiener, richness, and Pielou indices. Landscape beauty was evaluated by 87 respondents using the Scenic Beauty Estimation method. Using six representative plant communities as mediators, CCDM was applied to quantitatively analyze the coordination between plant diversity and aesthetics. Based on this analysis and considering factors influencing plant diversity and scenic beauty, plant community optimization strategies were devised to enhance the coordinated development of ecological diversity and aesthetics, fostering a synergistic improvement in ecological and aesthetic quality. Results revealed a range of coupling coordination across plant communities (0.203 to 0.947), encompassing various types. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a non-linear relationship between plant diversity and landscape beauty, influenced by independent yet partially overlapping factors. Hence, both aspects should be simultaneously considered in the planning and enhancement of riverbank areas. The coupling coordination degree offers a comprehensive understanding of harmonizing plant diversity and aesthetic value, providing a quantitative and objective approach to integrated research. This perspective extends beyond urban waterfront landscapes, holding significance for achieving dual goals of ecology and social services in urban design and landscape management.

Evaluating the balance between the supply and demand of Cultural Ecosystem Service (CES) in space is the key to linking ecosystem services to human well-being. However, due to its invisibility, it is difficult to quantify and is often ignored in ecosystem service evaluation. Based on social media photos, by integrating multisource data and using a clustering algorithm and the MaxEnt model, this paper maps and evaluates the supply-demand balance of three CES of aesthetic, historical and cultural, and leisure services in Suzhou, China. The result shows a widespread imbalance between supply and demand in Suzhou, among which the cultural heritage CES imbalance area as high as 48.1% accounts for the largest proportion, and the aesthetic imbalance area accounts for 38.4%, while the recreation imbalance area accounts for 37%. Building upon the assessment of supply and demand balance at the urban scale, we further identified the supply-demand imbalance at the scenic area scale by integrating local tourism development policies in Suzhou and selecting a typical scenic area, Xishan Island. Based on the urban and scenic area supply-demand assessment results, this paper proposes a multiscale CES supply-demand allocation strategy. This comprehensive approach not only furnishes valuable guidance for local decision-making and management within the realm of sustainable tourism but also holds potential for wider applicability to diverse urban areas worldwide that share analogous contextual backgrounds. Management implications: CES supply and demand assessment can help identify the CES supply-demand imbalance areas of tourist destinations. Landscape management and planning is a spatial organization method to balance CES supply-demand mismatches in tourist destinations. Optimizing landscape structure at multiple scales will be of instructional significance for the protection and development of tourist destinations. A 'CES assessment and mapping - landscape management and planning - tourism protection and development' system is beneficial to achieve the sustainable development of tourism.

River rehabilitation has traditionally focused on hard-engineering projects, which often fail to address environmental protection concerns and social-ecological services in a larger territorial context. In particular, mountain rivers pose unique challenges due to their diverse hydrological and morphological conditions, which are often overlooked by traditional restoration methods. Consequently, water quality deteriorates and social-ecological imbalances arise. To address these challenges, we propose a holistic solution that integrates landscape infrastructure (LI), a soft-engineered biophysical structure and process. Our approach combines hydrological analysis, ecological sensitivity assessment, and ecological design solutions to develop an LI framework for the Xiaojiahe basin in the Chongqing Mountain range in southwest China. This framework emphasizes integration across the spatial scale of landscape networks and corridors. Our study reveals the existence of fragmented river systems and limited connectivity among green spaces in the research area. The adoption of a comprehensive Landscape Infrastructure (LI) framework facilitates the execution of culturally sensitive and practical design solutions for Mountain Urban River Restoration (MURR) at different levels. This approach reinstates the multifaceted environmental and socio-ecological benefits of the basin. We believe that our approach can be applied to other cases with similar contexts and challenges.

Urban green spaces (UGSs) play an essential role in sustainable urban development and are closely related to public health and human well-being. Previous studies seldom consider the relationships between spatial patterns and equity for the heterogeneity of built-up residential types in the city, not to mention how to place the pragmatic design strategies to explore green injustice for vulnerable neighborhoods. To address this gap, our study adopts a cascade of three methodological stages: 1) applying an urban morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) to compare urban UGS patterns and the UGS-adapted Gini coefficient to measure the spatial equity of UGS distributions in three local built-up areas, 2) employing the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model to determine the location of the newly added UGSs and adopting the 'just green enough' strategy into the redistribution of UGSs for the marginal neighborhood and at the same time to avoid inequality associated with green gentrification, and 3) exploring an integrated design and implementation method for the newly added UGSs that can accommodate both normal conditions and the possibility of future pandemics. The results indicate that there is a strong correlation between socioeconomic status and the distributional justice of UGSs among built-up types, while disadvantaged people living in the densest residential neighborhoods have lower UGS provisions. This paper demonstrates a multifunctional and pragmatic approach for realizing multiscale UGS optimization by exploring it at the subdivision and neighborhood scales. This implication can also help guide decision-makers and planners to understand the complex interplay between social vulnerabilities, gentrification, and urban greening, thus formulating effective policies and hands-on strategies to address green injustice that are not only crucial for this study region but also of great significance for developing countries in the Global South.

评估文化生态系统服务(CES)在空间上的供需平衡状况是将生态系统服务与人类福祉联系起来的关键.然而其无形性特征使其在空间上难以量化,因此在生态系统服务评估中常常被人们所忽视.基于社交媒体照片,整合多源数据,利用ArcGIS和MaxEnt模型,对苏州市内审美服务、历史文化服务、休闲娱乐服务3类CES的供需平衡状况进行了制图与评估.研究表明:苏州市供需失衡特征明显,其中历史文化类CES失衡区域面积占比最大,高达48.1％,其次审美类失衡区域面积占比38.4％,而休闲娱乐类失衡区域面积占比则为37.0％.在景区尺度上通过CES供需失衡分析,依据不同的失衡类型提出旅游地的CES供需空间调配的策略,进而为景观规划设计人员与地方决策者提供可践行的指导,以实现旅游空间结构优化及区域保护与开发的协同.

The Ramsar Convention places central emphasis on the protection, restoration, and utilization of wetlands. Wetland species and their habitat protection is an important embodiment of wetland system protection. Simultaneously, the importance of recreation as a form of human activity within wetlands should not be underestimated. Wetland parks, as a mode of rational wetland use, provide the public opportunities for leisure and entertainment, exemplifying China's commitment to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. However, With the acceleration of urbanization, the degree of fragmentation of the wetland system is increasing. The wetland park and its surrounding landscape elements are separated from each other, resulting in the phenomenon of islanding, which is not conducive to the protection and utilization of wetland biodiversity. This study focuses on Yancheng coastal wetland, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Jiangsu, China, as its research area. It integrates habitat birds, a core component of wetland biodiversity, into the development framework of wetland parks. The study proposes the use of composite habitat corridors to connect fragmented bird habitats with public recreational areas, establishing a collaborative wetland park system. The methodology involved three key steps: (1)Spatial Modeling. Utilizing Maxent, the spatial distribution of birds and public recreation areas was modeled, and suitable patches for both were extracted. (2) Corridor Identification. Linkage Mapper was employed to identify bird and recreational corridors, while the MCR model was used to pinpoint composite habitat corridors. (3) Network Development. Corridors generated in the previous step were superimposed on the ArcGIS platform to create a network of interconnected bird habitats and public recreation areas within the wetland park system. The study's results demonstrate: (1) There are obvious spatial distribution differences between the current core bird habitat and public recreation areas in Yancheng coastal wetland. (2) The establishment of a composite corridor network realizes the interconnection between bird habitats and public recreation areas，among them, the corridor network in the southern region is short and dense, with higher stability. (3) The areas passed by the composite corridor network are mainly productive landscapes such as cultivated land and aquaculture ponds, and therefore, certain protection and restoration measures should be taken to create suitable habitat conditions for birds and humans. This study provides a novel model for wetland protection and sustainable utilization, particularly relevant to many developing countries facing similar challenges.

廊作为古典园林空间中的重要构成要素之一,在时空组织、形态表现、意境营造等方面起着不可或缺的作用.聚焦苏州古典园林中廊面积在园林空间中占比最高的耦园,利用图底关系对廊空间进行界定,生成有廊与无廊状态下耦园的矢量平面图,继而基于空间句法的理论基础,运用Depthmap软件将耦园视域空间的连接值、入口深度值以及整合度进行可视化,对有廊和无廊状态下的园林空间进行量化对比分析,并结合实证研究总结出廊在空间塑造上的三重特性:强化视域空间序列,优化动线;增大空间阻尼,丰富景深;整合园林节点格局,柔化边界.以期为现代建筑与景观规划设计实践中对廊要素塑造空间的利用,以及苏州古典园林文化与造园艺术的传承提供参考与借鉴.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal carries unique social and cultural significance as a world cultural heritage, but with the acceleration of global urbanization, it has potentially severe environmental risks under continuous anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, to protect the ecological and cultural values of the Grand Canal, it is necessary to assess the corresponding relationship of water quality to land use and the perception of ecosystem services that focus on cultural ecosystem services (CES). This study aims to analyze the water quality response to land use in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, describe the land use types closely related to water quality, and propose corresponding management strategies for enhancing CES. This study investigated the impacts of land use structure and landscape pattern on water quality by calculating the correlation between land use structure and landscape pattern indices and water quality in buffer zones of different distances on both sides of the canal. The results show that green land dominates the land use structure and can effectively reduce water pollution in the canal. On the other hand, urban impervious surfaces showed a significant positive correlation with pollution contributing to low water quality. We accessed the impact of water quality on the perception of CES in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and proposed optimization strategies for promoting CES. Both content analysis and thematic analysis were applied to analyze the impact of the water environment quality of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal on the perception of CES. We found that the perceptions of CES along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal are associated with the public’s opinions on its cultural heritage services and artistic inspiration services. The perceptions of CES are closely related to the quality of the water environment and riparian greenness, which affect the values of cultural heritage and conservation of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

设计与研究通常被认为是两种截然不同的问题思考方式.设计师通常将设计看作是一个结果导向的线性思维,此过程忽略了其中研究分析的重要性,不利于创新思维的培养和原创作品的产生.该文探讨设计与研究的动态关系,提出一个由三个相互关联的阶段(即设计前期研究、设计策略研究、设计成果展示)组成的研究型设计路径.为加深理解,该文结合国内外优秀的实践案例作进一步阐述研究型设计在景观设计中的重要作用.研究型设计作为一种创新的景观设计新途径,对于培养设计师的逻辑思维能力、推动创新型设计和原创作品的产生具有重要意义.

尽管我国湿地保护力度与日俱增,但主要集中于大型湿地的保护修复工作,缺乏对于小微湿地设计建造的系统性研究,小微湿地所带来的生态及社会价值一直以来被低估.在国家大力保护与建设湿地的背景下,小微湿地以其占地面积小、造价低、适应性强、便于管理等优点越发凸显其重要意义.该文旨在为中国的小微湿地建设制定一个基于生态和功能的综合设计框架.基于国内外湿地案例的综述分析,我们明确了目前国内功能性小微湿地面临的15个关键挑战,我们的指导方针框架包括18项综合设计策略,这些策略将对应不同功能场景下的34项具体设计措施.该文将重新定义小微湿地,探索生态与景观设计的交叉点,以期为未来中国功能性小微湿地的兴建提供参考.

微藻具有较高的固碳、清洁能源生产等多方面效益,同时具有一定的审美价值,在城市公共空间中具有较高的应用潜力.微藻景观作为一种生物技术与数字技术融合新的城市景观形式,逐渐受到国外规划设计者的关注,其中,EcoLogicStudio的诸多实践项目对微藻景观理论与实践的发展做出了重要贡献,并对我国城市景观的革新提供了一定的启示.该文梳理了微藻景观诞生的背景及理论基础,总结了EcoLogicStudio微藻景观的设计架构并结合具体实践案例进行应用阐述;同时,结合我国当下的城市发展进程,提出了微藻技术在我国城市空间中的景观转化思路及微藻景观在我国的应用路径.

With the fast pace of global urbanization, anthropogenic disturbances not only lead to frequent disasters, but also cause direct and indirect ecological and economic losses. To reduce the adverse effects of anthropogenic disturbances as part of sustainable ecosystem management, assessments of habitat quality and ecological risk are necessary. The objectives of this study are to analyze environmental conditions of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal (Suzhou section) for evaluating habitat quality and habitat degradation, and to conduct ecological-risk early warning assessment in this section. The Grand Canal is the longest and first canal in the world to be artificially excavated from natural rivers and lakes. By evaluating habitat quality using the InVEST suite of open-source software models for mapping and valuing the ecosystem, it was found that the natural lands with high habitat quality such as wetlands, forests and lakes along the Suzhou section of the Grand Canal have gradually decreased, while construction lands such as roads and buildings have gradually increased; there is a clear trend of decreasing areas with high habitat quality and increasing areas with low habitat quality, which is likely the result of urbanization. It was also found that the region has a high habitat degradation index, meaning that areas located at the junction of different land types are vulnerable to the surrounding environment due to narrow buffer zones that allow areas with high habitat quality to be easily affected by areas with low habitat quality. In terms of ecological risks, it was found that the natural land area with high habitat quality in the downstream locations was declining, thereby increasing the risks of pollution and flooding events while reducing the ecosystem's resilience. The valuation model used in this study can be used as an effective decision-support tool to prioritize important ecological areas for conservation in the Grand Canal, and can also be adapted for use in the ecosystem management of other regions.

The Ecological Green Integration Demonstration Zone (EGIDZ) is in the Yangtze River Delta, one of the fastest growing regions in China. With ongoing rapid urbanization, the unique green–blue structure of water townships in the area has experienced severe human disturbance, which has resulted in habitat fragmentation, water pollution, ecosystem function decline, and biodiversity loss. The monofunctional municipal infrastructure lacks ecological efficacy, while the traditional concept of green infrastructure faces many limitations and adaptability in dealing with complex urban environments. In this context, we introduce the emerging concept of landscape infrastructure (LI), a soft engineered social-ecological-infrastructural system, as a wealth of inspiration and multiangle design solutions to address this challenge. As a performative structure medium, LI has the potential to incorporate all infrastructures (e.g., green and gray) across the spectrum of the urban territory. The study was carried out mainly through remote sensing and GIS technology. In the research process, (i) the ecological sources were identified based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity, (ii) a resistance model, minimum ecological cost path, and gravity model were used to develop ecological corridors and the green infrastructure network, and (iii) green infrastructure networks were integrated with sociocultural factors to form hybrid multifunctional LI networks. The results mainly show that (i) the green infrastructure network layout is based on ecological sources, especially those extremely important and important cores, and they are mainly located in the western, northern, and central parts of the study area; (ii) the LI network was constructed based on the green infrastructure network by combining sociocultural factors, such as human flows, roads, factories and residential heatmaps; and (iii) through the combination of macroscale planning and microscale design, we propose a multiscale and multifunctional LI network in the EGIDZ. We then put forward a new development model of the New Jiangnan Watertown Urbanism, which consists of the 'Watertown unit' and 'Watertown cluster' that subsequently forms a resilient water-based robust and productive canvas of 'Productivity, Livelihood, and Ecology'. This research provides a basis for future explorations of the sustainable development of a new green–blue system and for context-responsive solutions to these wet and fertile lowlands.

城市河流生态修复项目多强调生态价值,忽视了将生态与美学的价值相结合的重要性.文章将通过对河流生态与美学价值的研究,探讨美学对生态修复的影响:首先引用栖息地理论来分析景观美学价值,讨论景观美学与河流生态修复的多重关系;其次从三个不同的尺度阐述城市河流生态修复过程中的美学价值;最后结合案例,提出将生态修复技术与美学相结合的城市河流恢复的设计手段.将这些手段应用到修复工程中,可以更有效地改善河流的生态系统服务,提升河流生态修复的绩效,建立可持续的城市河流生态系统.

工业革命后,世界花粉过敏症发病率不断提高.回溯了大量医学、生态、环境等领域的相关研究,从生物多样性的视角总结了花粉致敏现象加剧的原因、作用机制和影响路径.研究发现,伴随着工业革命后普遍的生境退化和生物多样性丧失,人体免疫调节回路中的重要环节——环境微生物群落也在改变和丧失,进而引发了人体免疫功能障碍,表现为过敏等疾病发病率的上升;而部分绿地中致敏植物种植密度高、植物多样性低,提升了植物花粉致敏原的浓度,更增加了居民罹患过敏相关疾病的风险.基于上述发现,提出从源头对致敏植物进行识别和致敏性评估,因地制宜、合理选用,从而控制空气中的花粉致敏原;在传播过程中利用空间营造阻挡消解一定的致敏花粉;通过生境修复和再野化环境微生物群落为人体提供有益的免疫保护,帮促还原人体微生物与环境微生物在长期互动中形成的平衡状态.为常见的花粉致敏问题提供了景观研究思路,为健康导向的景观设计提供了创新视角和理论借鉴,以期促进基于自然的健康干预计划与环境修复相结合,推动生物多样性保护与人类健康共同发展.

紧凑型城市的发展,促使了地下空间高强度的开发,布局复杂的地下步行系统应运而生,空间活力在地下空间规划设计中的重要地位不容小觑.基于空间句法的理论,文章以昆明某商业地下空间为例,对其地下空间的布局结构的全局整合度与视线整合度进行可视化分析,并进行人流模拟,研究并总结其设计中的特色和不足,探讨地下空间活力提升的相关因素.文章希望通过空间句法的分析结果,提出建议与讨论,对未来类似地下空间的总体布局与活力提升提供借鉴与参考.

在城市扩展导致生态空间缩小、生境系统破损、生态系统服务能力持续下降的问题背景下,城市湿地作为构成城市生态系统服务的供给体系以及改善生态人居环境的重要举措,其规划设计的重要性不言而喻.文章以苏州市三角嘴湿地公园为例,从生态系统服务的视角出发,依据供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文化服务四大生态系统服务功能,提出了创建丰产而生态的都市田园、景观化水净化处理、建立生物栖息地、协调人工与自然的关系以及保留场地的历史记忆五大设计策略.以期从整体布局、生态系统构建、景观设施完善等方面丰富城市湿地公园的规划建设方法,促进城市湿地公园的发展.

当前,人类发展同环境保护和资源可持续利用的冲突愈演愈烈,人工湿地所提供类似自然湿地的水生态系统服务能够促进生态环境保护、资源回用和生态人居环境建设三者的良性循环.文章首先从人工湿地的研究方向出发,明确该领域的三个宏观方向;其次,总结出人工湿地四种类型、八大维度水生态系统服务;最后,提出人工湿地应用于城市水管理的发展前景,通过探讨人工湿地水生态系统服务的研究方向和发展前景,以期为人工湿地开发利用过程提供借鉴与参考.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to tremendous impacts on human lives and society, which are not only because of negative effects on people's mental health due to isolation policies and physical distance for mitigating the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also because the incident post-acute sequelae of the coronavirus will cause mental disorders. A green environment is a health resource, which cannot only benefit human physical and mental health, but also increases biodiversity, contributes to flood mitigation, and cools urban areas. A home garden, as a kind of small green space, can provide ecosystem services with eco-healing functions in reducing mental stress during the isolation period of the COVID-19 pandemic through the garden itself and physical activities in it. Such an eco-healing approach within a mini-therapeutic landscape can also benefit biodiversity by enhancing plant diversity in residence and increasing biodiversity at a large scale. In this article, we propose a conceptual framework describing a home garden as “ecological medicine” with healing functions to improve mental health, as well as indirectly enhancing urban biodiversity. A home garden, as a mini-type of green landscape with biodiversity content, allows people to get close with nature so that it can promote comfortable and natural feelings during the pandemic. Furthermore, such an eco-healing home garden approach benefiting urban biodiversity can meet the challenges in maintaining environmental and mental health in post COVID-19 pandemic recovery, as well as preparing unknown next-surge risks with potential isolation regulations.

随着长三角生态绿色一体化国家战略的逐步推进,一体化示范区亟需一种以生态为本底的基础设施作为区域一体化生成、演变和增长的系统框架,来统筹"三生"融合发展.与示范区中大多数的城镇一样,苏州吴江的盛泽从传统水乡向现代纺织重镇发展的过程中,经历了环境破坏加剧,生活品质下降、产业升级迫切等现实问题.本文基于以生态为本底的景观基础设施的五大特征,以盛泽地区为例,从区域、城镇和邻里3个尺度结合传统水乡的高、中、低圩区的格局,探讨构建城乡交互、产城融合的新型水都市模式的策略与方法.该模式是对解决水安全与环境问题,振兴区域经济,促进"三生"协同发展,以及长三角生态绿色的一体化建设的一次探索.