Temporal psychological well-being (subjective well-being, future confidence and life satisfaction) is an important indicator of the level of mental health and well-being. During adolescence, the dynamic development of their psychological well-being is more susceptible to multiple factors. However, the trends and multidimensional influences on adolescents' temporal psychological well-being, as well as their co-development with the relationship between interpersonal relationships and temporal psychological well-being, are not known. Therefore, 568 adolescents (Mage ± SD = 17.41 ± 1.14) aged 16 to 19 years were selected for this study using longitudinal data from the 2018, 2020, and 2022 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). Analyses were conducted using the latent growth curve model (LGCM). It was found that adolescents' subjective well-being, future confidence, and life satisfaction showed a significant linear decline. Health status, academic pressure, and parent-child relationships were significantly associated with the initial level and developmental trajectory of temporal psychological well-being. In addition, we observed co-development patterns between interpersonal relationships and adolescents' temporal psychological well-being, such that parallel changes in interpersonal relationships coincided with changes in well-being over time, and vice versa. This study reveals the dynamic patterns of changes in adolescents' temporal psychological well-being and their co-development with relationships, providing empirical evidence for targeted interventions.

As population aging accelerates, mental health issues among older adults are becoming increasingly prominent. In accordance with the dual-factor model of mental health, this study assesses psychological well-being through life satisfaction and depression levels. Although previous research proves that social engagement significantly impacts the mental health of older adults, its dynamic relationship remains unclear. This study used five-wave data from CHARLS (2011-2020) to construct linear and nonlinear growth curve models, and analyzed 1828 participants aged 60-74 (64.57 ± 3.74) to explore the effect of social engagement on their mental health. Results showed that quadratic growth curve models fit life satisfaction and depression better, with an inverted U-shape for life satisfaction and a U-shape for depression. Social engagement was positively associated with life satisfaction at both T1 and T3 time points, and negatively associated with depression at T1, T2 and T5. This indicates that older adults with greater social engagement experience higher levels of life satisfaction and lower levels of depression. Also, the number of chronic diseases is found to be crucial for older adults' mental health. Therefore, future efforts should encourage older people to participate in social and community activities and monitor their physical health, to improve their quality of life and maintain positive mental states.

Workplace violence and harassment exposure among female workers is a critical occupational safety and public health concern, yet the hierarchical interplay of occupational, work stress, and family factors remains understudied. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 10,042 married female workers in China. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify family relationship profiles, and a chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was used to examine how occupation, perceived effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and family relationship profiles differentiated workplace violence and harassment exposure. The main findings were as follows: (1) LPA identified a high-harmony profile (75.73%) and a low-harmony profile (24.27%), and 14.29% of participants reported workplace violence and harassment exposure; and (2) occupation was the first splitting variable, perceived ERI further differentiated exposure levels across occupational branches, and family relationship profiles provided additional differentiation in selected subgroups. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 85.7% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.707 in the validation set. These findings indicate that occupation, perceived ERI, and family relationship profiles jointly distinguish subgroups of married female workers with different exposure levels and may inform targeted prevention measures that consider both occupational and family contexts.

The use of digital technologies is inevitable in modern society, but their overuse is a problem that is worthy of public attention. This study explored the personality traits that cause proneness to excessive screen time, applying latent profile analysis to build personality profiles using the Big Five personality traits and assessing the psychological entitlement of 4,874 Chinese adolescents. We also constructed parallel mediation models to examine the mediating effect of psychological capital and life stress between different personality profiles and screen- time duration. We identified three unique personality profiles, which showed that adolescents with more sociable and outgoing personality traits reported shorter daily screen times. Moreover, psychological capital mediated the link between personality profiles and screen time, although the mediating effect of life stress was nonsignificant. Our findings have implications for the formulation of target-specific interventions to reduce the daily screen time of adolescents and promote their overall well-being.

Teachers’use of digital resources, emphasis on ICT competencies, and use of creative pedagogies are increasingly important for high-quality education, yet their relationships may depend on teachers’ working conditions. Guided by the Job Demands–Resources model, this study examined how teachers’ use of digital resources, emphasis on ICT competencies, openness to creativity, creative values, and use of creative pedagogies were associated across different teacher demand–resource profiles. Data were drawn from the PISA 2022 teacher questionnaire. Latent profile analysis identified two distinct groups of teachers: a low-demand, high-resource group and a high-demand, low-resource group. The results showed that teachers in the low-demand, high-resource group reported significantly higher levels of teachers’use of digital resources, emphasis on ICT competencies, openness to creativity, creative values, and use of creative pedagogies than those in the high-demand, low-resource group. Network analysis further indicated that these practices and beliefs were closely interconnected within both groups, but the overall network structure differed significantly between them. These findings suggest that teachers’digital engagement and creativity-related beliefs and practices are shaped not only by individual capability, but also by the balance between job demands and available resources. From a practical perspective, schools and policymakers should reduce excessive work demands while strengthening instructional support, access to digital resources, and opportunities for professional development, so that teachers can more effectively integrate digital resources and foster creativity in classroom practice.

BACKGROUND:Although compassion fatigue has received significant attention in nursing management, compassion satisfaction has been less studied. PURPOSE:This study was designed to elucidate the positive and negative trends in nursing empathy from a dialectical perspective and investigate the impact of difficult nurse-patient relationship on compassion fatigue and satisfaction, and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2022 at a tertiary hospital in a northeastern province of China on 1,756 nurses. A moderated mediation model was constructed using structural equation modeling, and multi-group comparative analysis was used to examine the differences in the proposed model. RESULTS:After adjusting for controlled variables, empathic concern and personal distress were shown to mediate the relationship between difficult nurse-patient relationship and, respectively, compassion satisfaction and burnout. Personal distress was found to mediate the relationship between difficult nurse-patient relationship and secondary traumatic stress, while self-reflection was found to moderate the effect of difficult nurse-patient relationship on empathic concern. Finally, differences in the structural model were detected between those with and without hospital traumatic experience. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:The findings reveal the mechanisms and boundary conditions underlying difficult nurse-patient relationship that influence compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction. Interventions that increase the level of self-reflection and empathic concern may help reduce burnout and increase compassion satisfaction in nurses.

Background Good cognitive function and positive attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) are important factors in promoting healthy aging. However, existing research has rarely explored the interrelationship between the developmental trajectories of cognitive ability and ATOA in older adults. Moreover, studies on the association between subjective socioeconomic status (SSS) and these two trajectories are also limited. Methods This study utilized data from 741 older adults who participated in three waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011, 2014, and 2017). Cognitive ability was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), ATOA with a two-item ATOA scale, and SSS with a single self-rated item. Linear latent growth models were applied to analyze the developmental trajectories of cognitive ability and ATOA. Additionally, this study used the (conditional) parallel latent growth model to examine the associations between these two trajectories, as well as the relationship between baseline SSS and the two trajectories. Results This study found that both cognitive ability and ATOA in older adults decline linearly with age. In the parallel latent growth model, higher baseline cognitive level predicted a more positive baseline ATOA and a slower rate of decline in ATOA. However, under the current reverse model specification, baseline ATOA or its rate of decline did not significantly predict cognitive ability (including both baseline level and rate of decline). Additionally, higher baseline SSS predicted higher baseline cognitive level and a more positive baseline ATOA. Meanwhile, higher baseline SSS was also linked to a slower rate of cognitive decline. Conclusions This study suggests a close relationship between the trajectories of cognitive ability and ATOA in older adults. As an important social-psychological variable, SSS plays a significant role in both trajectories. Therefore, all parties in society should increase attention to vulnerable groups among older adults, focus on preserving their cognitive abilities, and help them develop positive ATOA, in order to promote healthy aging.

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of illness perception and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between social support and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). This multi-center cross-sectional study recruited 857 female breast cancer patients from four tertiary hospitals in Jilin and Shanxi Provinces, China (mean age = 47.18 ± 9.86; within five years after surgery). Participants completed the Social Support Rating Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the 16-item maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy composite from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (self-blame, rumination, catastrophizing, and other-blame), and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory–Short Form. Chain mediation was tested using PROCESS Model 6 with 5,000 bias-corrected bootstrap samples, adjusting for age and relevant clinical covariates. FCR was positively correlated with illness perception and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and negatively correlated with social support. Social support was negatively related to illness perception and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Chain mediation analysis indicated that illness perception and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies jointly mediated the association between social support and FCR, with a total indirect effect of b = − 0.153 (48.88

The main aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal effects of the co-development of loneliness and internalizing difficulties on working-age population. A sample of 2,251 working-age population from the six waves spanning seven years of the Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences (LISS panel) was therefore selected for the study. Unconditional latent growth curve models (Unconditional LGCM) were employed to analyze the trajectories of loneliness and internalizing difficulties, while parallel process latent growth curve models (PP-LGCM) explored their longitudinal associations. Conditional PP-LGCM and parallel process latent class growth analysis (PP-LCGA) further assessed how their co-developmental trajectories influenced subjective well-being. Key findings revealed that: (1) Both loneliness and internalizing difficulties decreased over time in the working-age population. (2) Initial levels and change rates of loneliness predicted internalizing difficulties’ trajectories, and vice versa. (3) Higher baseline loneliness and internalizing difficulties correlated with lower subjective well-being, whereas a steeper decline in internalizing difficulties was associated with greater well-being. (4) Three distinct trajectory groups emerged: a High Level-Declining Group, a Rising Internalizing Difficulties Group, and a Low Level-Declining Group, with significant well-being differences across groups. These findings enhance our understanding of how loneliness and internalizing difficulties jointly impair well-being, offering practical insights for interventions targeting working-age populations.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period characterized by rapid neurobiological maturation and substantial changes in higher-order abilities, including vocabulary and logical thinking. Although prior research has documented general age-related improvements in these abilities, most studies have relied on cross-sectional or variable-centered designs, limiting insight into developmental heterogeneity and obscuring distinct developmental trajectories over time. Moreover, the relative importance of factors associated with these abilities across multiple ecological contexts—such as individual, family, school, and digital environments—remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to identify distinct developmental trajectories of vocabulary and logical thinking abilities among Chinese adolescents and to examine the relative importance of factors associated with these trajectories across individual, family, school, and internet-related domains. Data were drawn from the Chinese Family Panel Study (CFPS). A total of 662 adolescents (mean age at baseline = 12.14 ± 1.72 years; 44.1

With the evolving structure of modern internet gaming, adolescent internet gaming disorder (IGD) has become an increasingly serious public health concern demanding societal attention. Recent research has shifted towards employing more robust machine learning algorithms to explore key risk factors for adolescent IGD. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of adolescent IGD through the application of multiple machine learning algorithms and path analysis model. Consequently, this study utilized four machine learning algorithms to screen 15 risk factors from a large sample of 4501 adolescents (the average age was 14.23 ± 1.43 years, 52.3% girls) in a Chinese province, identifying the top four significant features (craving, avatar identification, character attachment, and ego-identification). Subsequently, a path analysis model grounded in the I-PACE theoretical framework was constructed to elucidate the developmental pathways of adolescent IGD. Results revealed one direct pathway (accounting for 42.2% of total effect) and five indirect pathways (mediation effect comprising 57.8%), substantiating the key pathway mechanisms of avatar identification and character attachment. The findings suggest that avatar identification represents a novel risk factor for adolescent IGD warranting greater attention. Adolescents seeking ego-identity within virtual gaming spaces may develop cognitive and emotional responses that constitute a novel pathway to gaming addiction.

PurposeBreast cancer, as a stressful event, profoundly impacts the entire family, especially patients and their spouses. This study used a dyadic analysis approach to explore the dyadic effects of illness perception on the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and whether maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies acted as a mediator in breast cancer patient-spouse dyads.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study, and 202 dyads of breast cancer patients and their spouses were enrolled. Illness perception, maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies, and FCR were assessed by the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Short Form (FCRI-SF), respectively. Data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence mediation model.ResultsThis study found that, for patients and spouses, maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies mediated the actor effects of illness perception on FCR. That is, illness perception was positively related to their maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies, which increased the risk of FCR. Another important finding was that patients' illness perception had significant direct and indirect effects on spouses' FCR through spouses' maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies.ConclusionsNegative illness perception perceived by patients and spouses can increase their FCR by adapting their maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. Furthermore, illness perception perceived by patients can also increase spouses' FCR through spouses' maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies. Medical staff should identify vulnerable patients and spouses with higher illness perception and maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies and make focused interventions to decrease the risk of FCR of both breast cancer patients and their spouses.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many scholars in the field of behavioral addiction examined the risk of gaming disorder (GD). The association between GD, depression, social anxiety, and risk perception toward COVID-19 among Chinese university students has remained largely uninvestigated, especially using network analysis. Therefore, the present study (N = 1794) examined the relationship between these variables during the pandemic using Gaussian graphical model (GGM) and Moderated Network Model (MNM) approaches. In the GGM and MNM, GD had a significant interaction with depression. Individual risk perception and public risk perception had stronger connections in the network, as did depression and social anxiety. In addition, 'fatigue' was identified as the core symptom of depression. Neither moderation effects (i.e., three-way interaction between GD, depression, social anxiety, and risk perception) nor gender differences in network comparisons were found. These results suggest that relieving negative emotional states may have helped prevent GD during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the influence of risk perception on GD and negative emotions needs to be further examined.

In recent years, suicide rates among school students have been steadily increasing, accompanied by a progressive decline in the age at which individuals engage in suicidal behaviors. Notably, suicidal ideation represents a critical risk factor in suicide prevention. The present study investigates the cause of suicidal ideation in school students by examining the influence of psychological characteristics and school-related stressors. A survey was distributed to 37,586 primary and secondary school students in Northeast China which access the status of depression, happiness, school-related stress, and suicidal ideation among school students. Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified four mental health profiles: Complete Mental Health, Vulnerable, Symptomatic but Content, and Troubled. Network analysis has identified significant positive correlations between suicidal ideation and school stress, particularly bullying, exam failures, and academic decline. These findings suggested that tailored mental health strategies should be used to promote well-being and prevent suicide in school students.

Hemodialysis is the primary life-sustaining treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease, which can result in a range of negative reactions (e.g. depression and anxiety) and positive change (e.g. post-traumatic growth, PTG). To further understand the post-traumatic response patterns of patients who are going through hemodialysis, dividing them into homogeneous subgroups helps to uncover hidden information. This cross-sectional study evaluated 274 patients (172 males and 102 females) undergoing hemodialysis at a tertiary hospital between October and November 2022. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups of patients based on their PTG, depression, and anxiety. The results identified three profiles: post-traumatic depression (n = 90, 32.9%), general moderate growth (n = 116, 42.3%) and high appreciation-power (n = 68, 24.8%). The classification quality was good (Entropy = 0.86). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were conducted to test potential influencing factors. Furthermore, Back propagation (BP) neural network model was employed to examine the ranking of influencing factors across different profiles. Perceived health control (100.0%), social network (83.4%), meaning in life (70.2%), self-disclosure (64.4%), self-rated health (45.0%), and exercise (31.4%) were identified as differential predictors of profile members (all p < 0.05), listed in order base on their degrees of influence. The findings revealed the heterogeneity of post-traumatic response patterns in hemodialysis patients, categorizing their post-traumatic responses into three distinct patterns. In the future, in the treatment and care of hemodialysis patients, it will be more meaningful to provide targeted interventions for the different characteristics of patients' PTG, depression and anxiety.

TThe purpose of this study was to validate a proposed theoretical model of adolescent internet gaming disorders from a reality-virtual perspective. A questionnaire survey was conducted using random stratified cluster sampling on 3,058 middle school students with internet gaming experience, drawn from four middle schools in a province in northern China. The research tools included measures of ego identity, avatar identification, ego depletion, and the internet gaming disorder (IGD) scale. The study’s results revealed that avatar identity mediated the relationship between ego identity and IGD, with a mediation effect of 25%. Additionally, ego depletion was found to moderate the relationship between ego identity and avatar identity/avatar identity and IGD. These findings highlight the importance of considering the virtual self (avatar) in future diagnoses or interventions for IGD.

Previous research on adolescents’ subjective well-being has not focused on the transition from late adolescence to early adulthood. Moreover, explorations of the factors influencing adolescents’ subjective well-being have mostly focused on a single level or variable. This study aimed to identify the different developmental trajectories of adolescents’ subjective well-being during this transition period and the influencing factors at different levels. This study used data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies to longitudinally track 625 adolescents aged 16–19 years in 2014 for six years. This study adopted multi-party reports and collected data on four levels of adolescents: individuals, networks, families, and communities. Using the latent class growth model to distinguish the different developmental trajectories of adolescents’ subjective well-being. Then, the environment-wide association study (EnWAS) was used to explore the factors influencing the categories of adolescents’ subjective well-being trajectories. This study identified three different developmental trajectories of subjective well-being: High initial level—relatively stable group, Medium initial level—rapidly decreasing group, Low initial level—slowly rising group. The results of EnWAS confirmed that there are 15 modifiable factors associated with the trajectory classification of adolescents’ subjective well-being. The final multiple logistic regression model revealed the household book collection, tidiness of the home, desired level of education, future confidence, interpersonal relationships, social trust, sleep duration (marginal condition), all of which have significant impacts on adolescents’ subjective well-being. Adolescents’ subjective well-being trajectories from late adolescence to early adulthood show great heterogeneity. Adolescents’ subjective well-being may be more influenced by the personal and family environment. Targeted interventions for various modifiable factors can significantly enhance adolescents’ subjective well-being.

Previous research has explored the associations between cyber-deviant behaviors and various psychological or social factors. However, few studies have examined gender differences in cyber-deviant behaviors using a network analysis approach. Therefore, the present study examined the reciprocal relationships between these variables using network analysis and attempted to verify the reciprocal determinism model. The study's sample comprised 1664 university students from multiple provinces of China. The survey included demographic information and several psychometric scales, such as the Cyber-Deviant Behaviors Questionnaire (CDBQ), Online Need Satisfaction Questionnaire (ONSQ), and Ostracism Screening Scale (OSS). In the total network, cyber-deviant behaviors were significantly and positively associated with low psychological needs satisfaction, social ostracism, moral disengagement, depressive mood, loneliness, poor peer relationships, and low self-control. Males showed a stronger network structure than females in the total network and in the cyber-pornography deviance network, as well as more global strengths in cyber-social deviance network, cyber-verbal deviance network, and cyber-pornography deviance network. The results of interaction between cyber-deviant behaviors and psychological and social factors verified the reciprocal determinism model, and suggests that prevention and intervention measures need to be considered for decreasing cyber-deviant behaviors, especially specific methods for different genders.

Network theory suggests psychopathology reflects causal links between individual and psychological symptoms. However, most studies on internet gaming disorder (IGD) are cross-sectional, impeding causal conclusions and challenging IGD treatment in adolescents. Hence, our study employs cross-sectional and cross-lagged network analyses to investigate the link between adolescents' psychological traits and IGD. A longitudinal study with 1186 adolescents, surveyed in October 2022 and 2023, reveals developmental variability in IGD's core symptoms, implying a changing network outcome. The results of the study found that “Compensatory online game use” at T1 was the strongest predictor of subsequent IGD at T2. In contrast, “Low self-control” in the T2 network is the symptom most likely to be influenced. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between psychological characteristics and IGD among adolescents, offering valuable insights that can inform and improve prevention and intervention programs aimed at effectively addressing this issue.

OBJECTIVE:There were associations between emotional abuse and neglect (EAN) and depression, but few studies had tested potential mechanisms underlying these relationships. We aimed to provide insights on how (the mediation role of neuroticism), and under what conditions (the moderator role of psychological resilience), led to a higher level of depression. METHODS:This study was a cross-sectional study that used a random cluster sampling method. We randomly selected 3,993 participants from four junior middle schools in northern city of China. Participants were asked to complete four self-reported questionnaires, including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Children Depression Inventory-Short Form, Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version, and Chinese Resilience Scale. RESULTS:The results showed that neuroticism mediated the associations between EAN and depression. In addition, the mediating effect of neuroticism was moderated by psychological resilience (p<0.05). CONCLUSION:EAN and neuroticism could have an adverse impact on depression, and psychological resilience could alleviate these negative effects as a moderator. Our model suggested psychological resilience could be a particularly effective intervention point for victims of EAN.