Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution and hearing loss are important issues in the environment and public health. However, current research still lacks data on their association in real-world environments. This study included 658 American adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2015 to 2016. The correlation between single PAH exposure and hearing was estimated by the weighted logistic regression, the overall association between mixed PAHs and hearing was evaluated by Bayesian kernel machine regression and grouped weighted quantile sum regression, and the important chemicals were identified in this study. The results showed that the 1-Hydroxynaphthalene (1-OHNa) was positively correlated with the hearing condition, hearing level and hearing threshold (OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.84, P < 0.01; OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.87, P < 0.05; OR = 4.34, 95% CI 1.74-10.81, P < 0.01, respectively). And 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) was positively correlated with the hearing condition and hearing threshold (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 0.99-3.36, P < 0.05; OR = 5.83, 95% CI 1.31-26.03, P < 0.05, respectively) after using covariate correction. The results of BKMR and WQS indicated a positive correlation between overall PAHs exposure and decreased hearing, and the higher the overall exposure to PAHs, the greater the risk of hearing loss. Further analysis revealed that 1-OHP was an important chemical substance related to PAHs and hearing. This result was consistent with the results of the single PAH exposure model. These insights provide a critical new perspective on the association between PAHs and hearing, highlighting the urgent need for strategies to reduce environmental pollution and protect human health.

手臂振动病是长期使用振动工具引起的以末梢循环障碍为主的全身性疾病，可引起手臂骨关节-肌肉的损伤，被认为是最具致残性的疾病之一，典型表现为振动性白指。职业性手臂振动病发病机制尚未阐明，目前无特效治疗药物，确诊患者应及时调离手传振动作业岗位，根据病情需要进行扩张血管、营养神经、物理和运动疗法等综合治疗。本文对3例手臂振动病患者的临床资料进行分析，以提高政府、企业和员工的重视。

There are rapid changes in modern technology as well as sports that have influenced society and lifestyle. Today's professional sports organizations embrace techniques and data to improve the quality of sports. One of the hottest topics in the IT field is big data. The important thing is to analyze the valuable information to collect and use it for intelligent decision making and efficient operation. However, this development goes beyond equal competitive conditions. IoT is starting to improve the business's performance in the sports industry, where technology and data also play a major role. IoT systems with Markov Model have had a huge impact on the way to do things. These techniques nourish the sport, and the changes brought about to see play and competition by the way. Data generated by a large physical activity tracker (or wearable device) emphasizes personal sports, such as running, cycling, etc., with easy access to this proposed system by lifestyle athletes. They are introducing the use of sports and sports. Its IoT system is used for training, rehabilitation, recruitment, and even monitoring sports planning. Big data can offer the possibility of model changes. The Markov Model also emphasizes user privacy, data accuracy, and autonomous interpretation of information and sports athletes at the risk of big data.

选取某企业170名员工作为研究对象,依据其二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)暴露情况分为对照组(105人)和DMF接触组(65人).对所有研究对象进行问卷调查并采集血样和尿样,分别检测尿液N-甲基甲酰胺(NMF)含量和血清甜菜碱高半胱氨酸甲基转移酶(BHMT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平,Spearman法分析并比较血清BHMT、ALT和尿液NMF两两之间的相关性.结果 显示,DMF接触组血清BH-MT、ALT水平和尿液NMF含量均显著高于对照组,且三项检测指标之间的两两相关性分析均具有显著正相关.提示DMF暴露可导致机体血清BHMT、ALT水平均升高,血清BHMT与ALT水平联合检测可更好的反映DMF所致的肝损伤程度.

The brain, especially the hippocampus, is sensitive to damage caused by anoxic chemicals. In this study, we established a rat model of acrylonitrile poisoning with administration by gavage, aiming to determine the influence of acrylonitrile on rat cerebral nerve cells. Transmission electron microscopy observation and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining were used to explore preliminarily the apoptotic changes of cerebral nerve cells. The pathogenesis revealed by transmission electron microscopy indicated that apoptosis in the control group was more serious than that of the exposure groups. The results of TUNEL staining showed the apoptotic rate was significantly higher in the control group than that of other exposure groups. All the results indicated that acrylonitrile can inhibit the apoptosis of rat cerebral nerve cells, which is closely related to its animal carcinogenicity.

目的 探讨丙烯腈(acrylonitrile,AN)对大鼠学习记忆能力、海马细胞增殖、神经相关蛋白的影响.方法 将40只成年雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为4组,每组10只,分别为对照(0 mg/kg)组及5、10、20 mg/kg AN染毒组,均灌胃染毒4周.染毒后以Morris水迷宫和避暗实验进行神经行为测试.测试后腹腔注射5-溴-2-脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine,BrdU)标记海马组织中的神经增殖细胞,并在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察.以Western blot法检测海马组织中神经生长相关蛋白神经营养素-3(neurotrophin3,NT-3)、神经营养素-4(neurotrophin 4,NT-4)和Toll样受体4(toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)的表达情况.结果 对照组大鼠发育正常、行动迅速,5、10 mg/kg AN染毒组大鼠行为基本正常,20 mg/kg AN染毒组大鼠活动明显减少、反应迟钝.4组大鼠在染毒过程中的体重变化无明显差异(P>0.05).各染毒组大鼠的水迷宫实验潜伏期长于对照组,避暗实验潜伏期短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).10、20 mg/kg AN染毒组大鼠的海马细胞增殖率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).10、20 mg/kgAN染毒组大鼠海马组织中的NT-3、TLR4蛋白表达均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),NT-4在各组中的表达无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 AN对大鼠学习记忆能力有明显影响,其机制可能是通过降低海马组织中TLR4和NT-3的表达来抑制神经细胞增殖,引起学习记忆功能障碍.

目的 了解某石油化工企业作业工人对噪声危害和防护知识的认知情况.方法 采用典型抽样的方法,以某石油化工企业芳烃部从事噪声作业的136人为噪声组,从事非噪声作业的199人为对照组.采用《噪声知识问卷》对2组人群噪声危害的认知情况进行调查,并进行纯音听力检查.结果 研究对象除对噪声对于听觉系统危害、佩戴耳塞或耳罩等个体防护装备、耳塞或耳罩等个体防护装备的作用与使用方法的知晓率>90.0％外,对其余噪声危害和防护知识有关条目的知晓率均<90.0％,最低仅为5.4％.除噪声组人群对噪声对心理健康影响的知晓率低于对照组(53.7％vs 64.8％,P<0.05)外,2组人群对噪声危害和防护知识各条目的知晓率分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).噪声组人群工作时坚持佩戴耳塞者占73.5％(100/136),偶尔使用或不使用者占26.5％(36/136);检出高频听力损失26人,语频听阈提高10人,分别占19.1％和7.4％.结论 该石油化工企业作业工人对噪声防护知识的知晓率普遍较低,未达到职业健康保护行动要求的水平.

目的 探讨长期职业性噪声暴露与外周血细胞端粒相对长度(relative telomere length,RTL)的相关性.方法 选择某石化企业工龄≥4a且个体噪声暴露40 h等效声级(LEx.周)≥80 dB(A)的52名男性工人作为研究对象的暴露组,(LEx.周)＜80 dB(A)的50名男性工人作为对照组.通过问卷调查和健康检查获得研究对象的一般情况、职业史和血常规检测结果,应用荧光定量PCR法检测研究对象的RTL,采用广义线形回归法分析职业暴露噪声强度与RTL的相关性.结果 噪声暴露组和对照组工人除年龄和工龄外,在吸烟、饮酒人数、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、血常规以及苯系物累积暴露水平等方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组工人RTL的检测值呈偏态分布,以中位数(四分位数)表示,分别为暴露组1.31(1.16,1.55)和对照组1.34(1.22,1.63),经广义线性多元回归法校正影响因素后显示两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).按(LEx.周)是否大于85 dB(A)将暴露组进一步分组后发现,(LEx.周)≥85 dB(A)组工人RTL明显短于对照组(P＜0.05),且RTL随职业噪声暴露强度增加而减少(P＜0.05).结论 长期职业噪声暴露可能影响外周血细胞RTL.

通过对一起职业性急性加氢裂化催化剂中毒事故中的5位患者的临床表现、实验室检查结果和职业卫生学调查资料进行综合分析,探讨中毒途径、可能毒物和中毒原因.结果显示,该次事故是由加氢裂化催化剂暴露引起的以肝脏损害为主的中毒,中毒途径可能是皮肤,毒物可能是美国Criterion公司最新生产的加氢裂化催化剂DN-3552,致毒成分可能是五氧化二磷(P2 O5),事发的直接原因是更换催化剂过程中产生的大量粉尘透过汗湿的皮肤侵入人体导致中毒,但粉尘产生过多的原因尚不明确.提示,加氢裂化催化剂可致中毒性肝损伤,在启用新型催化剂时应严格按规范操作,作业过程中出现明显异常时应及时查找原因防止发生事故.

《环境与职业医学》杂志2017年第4期发表的《1例职业性急性中度中毒性脑病的诊断讨论》 [1] 一文作者（以下简称作者）结合职业病诊断中的实际案例,对1例印染企业涂层车间打卷岗位患者,诊断为职业性急性中度中毒性脑病的诊断过程进行了详尽的分析和讨论。病例资料和用人单位资料可以参见原文,笔者在此不再赘述。具体看一下作者对这一案例的诊断依据:"根据GBZ 71—2013《职业性急性化学物中毒的诊断总则》

Background: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score is used to determine disease severity and predict outcomes in critically ill patients. However, the prognostic significance of APACHE after acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning remains unclear. The meta-analysis was aimed to study the value of APACHE II in predicting mortality in PQ-exposed Chinese and Korean patients. Methods: Databases that included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched through August 2016. Studies using APACHE II to predict mortality in PQ-poisoned patients were selected. The odds ratio and weighted mean difference (WMD) were used to pool binary and continuous data. Additionally, we aggregated sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy. Statistical analyses were made using the Stata V.13.0 software. Results: This study included 29 studies, and 25 studies evaluated APACHE II scores on admission. Pooled data showed that survivors had significantly lower total scores than nonsurvivors (WMD = –7.29, and I2 = 98.2%, both P <.05). The pooled sensitivity of an APACHE II score ≥5 for predicting mortality was 75% and the pooled specificity was 86%. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 5.3 and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.29. The pooled sensitivity of an APACHE II score ≥10 for predicting mortality was 88% and the pooled specificity was 84%. The pooled PLR and NLR was 5.5 and 0.15, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed PQ-poisoned nonsurvivors had significantly higher APACHE II score than did survivors. APACHE II scores satisfactorily predicted mortality.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of lycopene on testis in acrylonitrile infected rat and its possible mechanism.Methods 72 male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, namely the control group(control), infected group(ACN), TAD group(ACN +TAD),low dose group, middle dose and high dose of lycopene group respectively.The MDA,SOD,GSH-px levels of testicular tissue were tested in each group.Pathological section and HE staining for testicular tissue,and immunohistochemical staining on NF-(k)B p65 were performed.Results Compared with the control group, the MDA level increased and SOD,GSH level decreased in infected group,as well as obvious morphological damage was observed,the NF-(k)B p65 expression increased.these differences were statistical significance.After treated by lycopene, especially by moderate dose and high dose,MDA level decreased significantly,while SOD and GSH levels rose,tissue injury relieved,NF-(k)B p65 expression decreased.A statistically significant difference was found.Conclusions Lycopene has a protective effect to rat testicular damage caused by enenitrile, and this protective effect may be related to reduce oxidative stress and to reduce the expression of the NF-(k)B.

Background:The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score is used to determine disease severity and predict outcomes in critically ill patients. However, the prognostic significance of APACHE after acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning remains unclear. The meta-analysis was aimed to study the value of APACHE II in predicting mortality in PQ-exposed Chinese and Korean patients. Methods:Databases that included PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched through August 2016. Studies using APACHE II to predict mortality in PQ-poisoned patients were selected. The odds ratio and weighted mean difference (WMD) were used to pool binary and continuous data. Additionally, we aggregated sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy. Statistical analyses were made using the Stata V.13.0 software. Results:This study included 29 studies, and 25 studies evaluated APACHE II scores on admission. Pooled data showed that survivors had significantly lower total scores than nonsurvivors (WMD=-7.29, and I-2=98.2%, both P<.05). The pooled sensitivity of an APACHE II score >= 5 for predicting mortality was 75% and the pooled specificity was 86%. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 5.3 and the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.29. The pooled sensitivity of an APACHE II score >= 10 for predicting mortality was 88% and the pooled specificity was 84%. The pooled PLR and NLR was 5.5 and 0.15, respectively. Conclusion:This study showed PQ-poisoned nonsurvivors had significantly higher APACHE II score than did survivors. APACHE II scores satisfactorily predicted mortality.

Objective: To investigate the exposure to benzene, methylbenzene, and dimethylbenzene in workers in a petrochemical enterprise in Shanghai, China, and to conduct occupational hazard risk assessment. Methods: The environmental monitoring data on benzene series in the workplace of this petrochemical enterprise from 2010 to 2014 were collected, as well as workers' general status. The inhalation risk assessment model developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used for risk assessment to determine the occupational hazard risk level of benzene, methylbenzene, and dimethylbenzene. Results: The pass rate of the monitoring concentration of benzene, methylbenzene, and dimethylbenzene in the workplace of this petrochemical enterprise was 100%. The results of the EPA model showed that benzene had a high carcinogenic risk, benzene and dimethylbenzene had a high non-carcinogenic risk, and methylbenzene had a low non-carcinogenic risk. Conclusion: The workers exposed to benzene in this petrochemical enterprise have a high health risk, and the EPA model can be used for occupational hazard risk assessment in chemical industry.

Acrylonitrile is a potent mutagen and carcinogen for hepatocytes. A role of toll-like receptor 4 in the immune toxicity of acrylonitrile has been suggested in many studies. The following study was designed to assess the quantitative alteration of toll-like receptor 4 under the influence of sodium thiosulfate which was used to antagonize acrylonitrile-induced immune toxicity in rats. 70 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 7 groups. Rats of control group were gavaged with saline for 4 weeks. Rats of acrylonitrile groups were daily gavaged by acrylonitrile of different concentrations for 4 weeks, whereas all rats of sodium thiosulfate groups received gavage of acrylonitrile 10 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks and for the 4th w, meanwhile daily intraperitoneal injection of sodium thiosulfate of different concentrations was administered to detoxify acrylonitrile. All rats were anesthetized and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were measured to evaluate liver damage. Spleens of rats from different groups were dissected for histopathologic examination and immunohistochemistry of toll-like receptor 4 protein in spleen. Concentrations of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis facor-α in blood samples were also analyzed. Acrylonitrile decreased body and spleen weight of the rats and increased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. There were significant visible changes in spleen microstructure in rats treated with acrylonitrile alone when compared with control group. Moreover, it was proved in our study that acrylonitrile of 10 mg/kg could cause the most significant increase in the quantity of toll-like receptor 4 protein, when compared with both acrylonitrile (L) and acrylonitrile (H) group. The expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein of all acetonitrile groups was stronger than that of all sodium thoisulfate groups, which was in accordance with the inflammation caused by acrylonitrile with or without the influence from sodium thiosulfate. Among all sodium thiosulfate groups, toll-like receptor 4 expression of sodium thoisulfate (L) group was stronger than that of sodium thoisulfate (M) and sodium thoisulfate (H) group. Administration of sodium thiosulfate on the fourth week after first 3 w treatment with acrylonitrile alleviated acrylonitrile-induced morphological alterations in spleen, hepatic enzymatic indexes including serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the expression of toll-like receptor 4. Therefore, we suggested that sodium thiosulfate could antagonize the immune toxicity induced by acrylonitrile, which was reflected by quantitative change in expression of toll-like receptor 4 protein.

Background/Aims: Benzene is a toxic chemical whose leukemogenic effects have been studied for decades. The mechanisms of benzene-induced toxicity and leukemogenicity are not fully understood, although the involvement of several pathways has been suggested, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle regulation and programmed cell death. In the present study, we investigated the effect of hydroquinone (HQ), a major benzene metabolite, on the viability of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: First, we study the the effect of HQ on BMSCs cell viability, apoptosis and the expressions of MDR1 and NF-κB. Then we investigate the MDR1 on cell viability and cell apoptosis for BMSCs under HQ treatment. Finally, we studied the impact of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) on the expression of MDR1. Results: Our results showed that HQ decreased cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of BMSCs, as determined by the MTT assay and flow cytometry. Western blotting and quantitative PCR showed that HQ downregulated the expression of the MDR1 gene by inhibiting the activation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Overexpression of MDR1 attenuated the inhibitory effect of HQ on cell viability in BMSC. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest the involvement of the multidrug resistance membrane transporter MDR1 and the NF-κB pathway in the cytotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of the pathways involved and the crosstalk between them in mediating the effects of HQ in bone marrow progenitor cells.

Objective:To explore the dynamic variation of serum neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and its clinical significance in patients with acute organophosphate poisoning .Methods:Ninety patients with acute organophosphate poisoning were enrolled into case group ,and other 90 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group .Venous blood samples of 3 .0 mL were collected from the all 180 subjects at admission .Apart from the 8 patients died on day 1 ,the other 172 subjects underwent collection of 3 .0 mL venous blood samples on day 2 ,day 3 ,day 5 ,day 7 .Serum NSE concentration was measured by enzyme‐linked immu‐nosorbent assay ,while cholinesterase(ChE) was determined by photoelectric colorimetry .Results:Eight patients in case group died on admission day ,of whom the average concentration of NSE and ChE were (131 .72 ± 10 .84) ng/mL ,(199 ± 228) U/L , respectively .Concentration of NSE of the rest 82 patients on day 1 ,day 2 ,day 3 were (54 .56 ± 5 .46) ng/mL ,(36 .18 ± 5 .27) ng/mL ,(20 .56 ± 4 .64) ng/mL ,respectively ,and concentration of the control group on the corresponding time points were (9 .72 ± 3 .92) ng/mL ,(9 .48 ± 3 .66 )ng/mL ,(9 .86 ± 3 .62)ng/mL ,respectively .Statistically significant differences were de‐tected between two groups(P< 0 .01) .Average concentration of ChE of the rest 82 patients on day 1 ,day 2 ,day 3 were (1628 .60 ± 112) U/L、(2113 .59 ± 324) U/L、(2474 .75 ± 711) U/L ,respectively ,and those in the control group on the corre‐sponding time points were (5982 ± 215) U/L ,(5651 ± 136) U/L ,(5783 ± 764)U/L ,respectively .Statistically significant differences were detected between two groups(P<0 .01) .The concentrations of NSE were in significantly negative correlation with that of ChE in mild ,middle and severe poisoning patients on day 1 ,day 2 ,day 3 ,and in positive correlation with the poi‐soning severity .The correlation coefficients rs>0 .05 ,P<0 .05 .Conclusions:Serum NSE may be used as an reference indica‐tor in the diagnosis and treatment of acute organophosphate poisoning .

Comprehensive research of genetic variation is crucial in designing conservation strategies for endangered and threatened species. Sinowilsonia henryi Hemsi. is a tertiary relic with a limited geographical distribution in the central and western areas of China. It is endangered because of climate change and habitat fragmentation over the last thousands of years. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were utilized to estimate genetic diversity and genetic structure in and among S. henryi. In this study, Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon's information index were found to be 0.192 and 0.325 respectively, indicating a moderate-to-high genetic diversity in species. According to analysis of molecular variation results, 32% of the genetic variation was shown to be partitioned among populations, demonstrating a relatively high genetic divergence; this was supported by principal coordinate analysis and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average analysis. Moreover, the Mantel test showed that there was no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. The above results can be explained by the effects of habitat fragmentation, history traits, and gene drift. Based on the results, several implications were indicated and suggestions proposed for preservation strategies for this species.