半枫荷是贵州黔东南地区广泛使用的一种非常珍贵的中药材,因其临床应用广泛,疗效显著,受到广泛关注.本文对半枫荷分布概况、特性特征、栽培种植以及化学成分和药理作用等概况进行综述,探讨了半枫荷的濒危原因和现阶段对其保护对策,针对其化学成分和药理作用提出今后发展的方向,为传统中药尤其是特有物种的开发利用提供参考.

牦牛骨密度大,骨质优良,富含胶原蛋白、氨基酸、软骨素、维生素以及Ca、P、Mg、Zn等矿物元素和人体所需的微量元素,是一种天然的补钙剂.因此本文参考近5年牦牛骨研究,分析了牦牛骨中有效成分及胶原蛋白的含量和提取分离方法,并阐述了牦牛骨的相关功效,为进一步探讨牦牛骨的开发利用提供了思路和途径.

急性痛风性关节炎是一种危害人类健康且发病率呈逐年上升趋势的一种疾病.在急性痛风性关节炎的治疗上,传统医学及现代医学均有其独到之处.本文参考近5年来治疗急性痛风的中药、西药、民族药等相关文献资料,对二者的研究进展进行探讨,为进一步探讨治疗痛风性关节炎组方提供一些思路和途径.

迄今为止,炎症性肠病(IBD)的准确病理机制尚不清楚,但研究者普遍认为与肠道共生菌群失调密切相关.故针对IBD发病时肠道菌群变化,阐述肠道菌群与IBD发病的相关性,肠道菌群在IBD发病机制、诊断及疾病分型的作用,以及展望随着人类对肠道黏膜免疫系统研究的不断完善,益生菌制剂将被广泛应用于IBD的治疗.

中药外用制剂因其独特的经皮给药方式在现代药物研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用,但是由于中药透皮机制、中药皮肤药代动力学理论研究以及药效研究尚处于空白,而且中药制剂多为复方,成分复杂,成型工艺中控制指标单一等原因,导致如今中药的外用制剂反而远远滞后于西药的现代透皮给药研究.所以在今后的研究中,应主要集中在以下3个方面:首先,进一步优化中药的分离提取技术,使其既能保证有效成分的富集,又能尽量减小体积,增强药物的透皮吸收,保证药效,建立起符合现代科学检验的指标.其次,在经皮给药系统中皮肤永远是最大的给药屏障,因此,促进中药外用制剂透皮吸收的研究也应成为另一个关注的重点,比如在中药成分中寻找安全有效的挥发油作为天然透皮吸收促进剂,或者加强对中药挥发油渗透促进剂与被促药物间的配伍关系研究等.最后,在中药外用制剂的应用上,可以尝试尽量将中药理论与经络学说相结合,进一步发展穴位敷贴经皮给药,发挥药物和穴位的双重效应,为中药外用制剂的研究带来更多新的思路.

目的:研究刺老苞总皂苷对泼尼松致大鼠骨质疏松的对抗作用.方法:将50只大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常对照组、泼尼松模型组和刺老苞总皂苷高、中、低(10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg,30 mg/kg)剂量组各10只.分别灌胃相应药物,每日1次,连续8周后取血清检测生化指标,对骨进行组织切片检查及长度、宽度和骨质的测量.结果:泼尼松模型组大鼠股骨质量、尺骨骨羟脯氨酸(Hyp)和骨钙含量比正常对照组明显降低,胫骨骨髓腔中脂肪组织增多,血浆胆固醇(TG)含量上升,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量下降.刺老苞总皂苷组能有效提高骨的质量和骨质的含量,减少骨髓腔中脂肪的含量,升高碱性磷酸酶和高密度脂蛋白含量.结论:泼尼松可抑制大鼠的骨生长及引起骨丢失,刺老苞总皂苷可有良好的对抗作用.

Oral Thick Paste,one of the most common preparation,was applied extensively on the market,for its quickly absorp-tion and highly bioavailability.This paper,the oral thick paste was discussed about its principle of recipe,preparation technology, quality monitoring and clinic application,hoping to provide some reference to the Oral Thick Paste research.

目的:在H2O2胁迫下,研究刺老苞总皂苷增强MC3T3-E1成骨细胞抗自由基损伤的作用.方法:用H2O2作用MC3T3-E1成骨细胞,建立自由基损伤细胞模型.培养的成骨细胞分为对照组、模型组、刺老苞总皂苷低剂量组(1×10-8mol/L)、刺老苞总皂苷中剂量组(1×10-7mol/L)和刺老苞总皂苷高剂量组(1×10-6mol/L).测定不同处理组细胞活力、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、活性自由氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量、脂质过氧化物(lipid oxygen,LPO)含量,同时利用荧光偏振法测定细胞膜流动性.结果:模型组细胞活力、SOD活性、细胞膜流动性均比不同刺老苞总皂苷组有显著降低(P＜0.01),而ROS含量、LPO含量均比不同刺老苞总皂苷组有显著升高(P＜0.01).结论:H2O2摄入会导致MC3T3-E1成骨细胞的氧化损伤,而刺老苞总皂苷可以预防或降低此类损伤对细胞的影响.

目的 研究蒙药阿给炭对应激型胃溃疡模型大鼠溃疡组织炎性细胞浸润及新生血管数、微血管密度生成的影响,探讨阿给炭对胃溃疡黏膜下组织重建的作用机制.方法 采用水浸束缚应激方法复制急性胃溃疡大鼠模型,实验分为8组,即空白对照组、模型对照组、云南白药组(阳性药)、雷尼替丁组(阳性药)、阿给生药组、阿给炭药低、中、高剂量组.连续给药1周后,常规处死,解剖剪取胃部溃疡组织,HE染色观察炎性细胞浸润,CD34及Ⅷ因子法标记观察溃疡组织微血管密度及新生血管数.结果 与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠溃疡部位新生血管数、微血管密度有显著性差异(P＜0.05),与模型组比较,阿给炭高剂量组新生血管数、阿给炭药低剂量组微血管密度有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 胃溃疡模型大鼠溃疡组织存在新生血管数及微血管密度生成不足,而给予阿给炭治疗后能显著提高溃疡组织新生血管数生成及微血管密度.

The solubility and permeability on four kinds of flavonoids (kaempferol, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein) were test according to the theory of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS), and their absorption mechanism. The solubility was investigated by the method in determination of solubility of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010". To detect appearance permeability of compounds mentioned above, the appropriate concentrations were selected by the MTT method in cell transfer experiments in Caco-2 cell model, which established by in vitro cell culture method. Therefore, these compounds were classified with BCS according to solubility and permeability. In addition, to explore absorption mechanisms, the experiments in three different concentrations of compounds in high, medium and low in bidirectional transformation methods in Caco-2 cell model contacted. The study indicated that all of kaempferol, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein have the characteristics in low solubility and high permeability, which belong to BCSⅡ, and the absorption mechanism of kaempferol was active transportation. Whereas, hesperidin, apigenin, genistein were passive transportation. In this study, it carried out initial explorations on establishment of determination for solubility and permeability in flavonoids, and provided theoretical reference for further research on BCS in traditional Chinese medicine.

目的:探讨嘎日迪散对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的作用.方法:采用免疫法复合TNBS诱导法制作溃疡性结肠炎模型,从宏观和微观评价嘎日迪散对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎的治疗效果.结果:动物疾病活动指数、结肠粘膜损伤指数、结肠粘膜镜下评分的结果显示,各给药组和模型组相比具有统计学意义,HE结果显示,模型组还存在典型的溃疡,各给药组粘膜修复良好.结论:嘎日迪散能有效治疗大鼠溃疡性结肠炎,其作用和阳性药柳氮磺吡啶及补脾益肠丸相当.

目的 研究野罂粟对腹泻模型大鼠结肠组织病理形态、血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平及其受体mRNA表达变化,探讨野罂粟抗腹泻的作用机制.方法 采用HE染色法观察大鼠结肠组织病理形态,应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及反转录聚合酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR),检测结肠组织VIP含量及VIPRmRNA表达.结果 野罂粟能够明显改善大鼠结肠组织病变,且显著降低大鼠结肠组织VIP含量及VIPR1 mRNA表达水平(P＜0.01).结论 野罂粟抗腹泻作用机制与VIP水平及VIPR1 mRNA表达下调有关.

Combining the advantages of capillary electrophoresis (CE)and mass spectrometry (MS),capillary e-lectrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS)technology has become an important technology of separation and analysis with fast speed,high separation capacity and high sensitivity.This article summarizes the key technology of CE-MS, the applications of CE-MS in traditional Chinese medicine analysis,food analysis and environmental analysis and the development of CE-MS is prospected.

目的 研究蒙药阿给炭对急性胃溃疡合并出血模型大鼠凝血、纤溶系统的影响,探讨蒙药阿给炭在胃溃疡治疗中止血活血的双向调节机制.方法 采用水浸束缚应激方法复制急性胃溃疡合并出血大鼠模型.实验分为8组,即空白对照组、模型对照组、云南白药组(阳性药),雷尼替丁组(阳性药),阿给生药组,阿给炭药低、中、高剂量组.连续给药1周后,腹主动脉取血,酶联免疫法检测血清中TXB2、GMP-140、6-keto-PGF1α、t-PA、PAI-1水平,应用全自动血液流变仪检测红细胞聚集率、红细胞压积和不同切变率下的全血粘度.结果 阿给炭能上调大鼠血清中TXB2水平(与模型组比较,P＜0.05)和GMP-140表达(与模型组比较,P＜0.01),对6-keto-PGF1 α表达影响无差异(与模型组比较,P＞0.05);能增加模型大鼠血清中t-PA的含量水平,降低PAI-1水平(与模型组相比,均P＜0.05),对模型大鼠的红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积、不同切变率下的全血粘度均没有显著影响(与模型组比较,P ＞0.05).结论 阿给炭能通过增加大鼠血清中TXB2水平和GMP-140表达,来发挥止血促凝作用;同时阿给炭还能增加模型大鼠血清中t-PA的含量水平,降低PAI-1水平,通过调整纤溶系统来防止血栓的形成.

In order to provide a scientific basis for sustainable utilization and conservation of rare and endangered plants in West Ordos,plant community diversity in 2012was compared with that in 1986and 2000by documents,interview and field investigation.Our results indicated that the 8major types of medicinal plant communities showed significant differences in Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener index,and coverage,but similar richness.From 1986to 2012,the biodiversity and coverage had changed obviously in different medicinal plant communities.The biodiversity showed a decreasing trend in desert-steppe,but no changed in steppe-desert,whereas the coverage increased in steppedesert.It is recommend that great attention should be paid to the ecological conservation of the desert-steppe as well as to species diversity of steppe desert and desert-steppe.

The characteristic data of the sampling site of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus was acquired through comprehensive application of the field surveys,specimen examination and literature review and the ecological factors data of each sampling site was extracted from the national geographic,climate and soil type databases of China by using the ArcGIS platform.Based on the investigation and utilizing of TCMGIS-II which is an improved version of GIS-based program for the distribution prediction of traditional Chinese medicine,the ecological suitability region of A.mongolicus was further analyzed.The results of the study showed that a total area of 358 counties of 7 provinces in China which covers a land area of 309 889.2 km2 , shared similar ecological factors(ecological similarity≥95%)with those of native habitats appropriate for A.mongolicus .The areas are mainly located in Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Ningxia and Shanxi provinces.The finding is consistent with the historical records and the practical data of the introduction of A.mongolicus .

The present paper discusses ultrasonic extraction method aided extraction of coumarin from a Mongolian drug, Chagan-sorlo (Radix Glehniae), aiming to study out how much coumarin contained in Chagan-sorlo, and to provide the scientific basis and production guidance for extracting coumarin from Chagan-sorlo. Under different conditions the coumarin in Chagan-sorlo was extracted by ultrasonic, measured and analyzed, and then HPLC was used to carry out the measurement. Result showed that with solvent volume fraction of 70%, extraction time of 20 min, ultrasonic power of 175 W, temperature of 25 degrees C, solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 20, and 80-100 mesh extraction, the coumarin extraction reaches the highest yield.

Global warming has become a fact of life, and the night temperature increase higher than during the day. In the present research, to explore the effects of climate warming on element contents of plants, ICP-AES was used for the direct determination of nine kinds of element contents of reproductive branches and vegetative branches of the Mongolian drug Agi, which grew in the day, night and diurnal warming field. The results of the study show that the responses of reproductive branches and vegetative branches to day, night and diurnal warming were not significant different, but the negative response was greater than the positive response. The effects of day warming on the element contents were not significant, but night warming lower the contents of Al, Fe and Mn significantly. There was interaction between day warming and night warming.

The UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) pointed out that nitrogen deposition was being increasingly intensified along with climate warming. In this paper, we conducted a multi-factor experiment from 2005 using Artemisia frigida, a Mongolian traditional medicinal plant in Inner Mongolia steppe, to study the effect of simulated warming and nitrogen addition on 12 essential element contents and their allocation in reproductive branches (vegetative branches) by ICP-AES. The four treatments were: CK (ambient), IR (warming), N (nitrogen addition) and IRN (warming plus nitrogen addition). The simulated warming was 2 degrees C, and the total amount of added NH4NO3 was 10 g N . m(-2) . a(-1). In this study, our result showed that warming and nitrogen addition influenced the essential element absorption and distribution. Compared to ambient, there were different variations in 12 essential element contents at warming condition, but the negative effects were more than the positive effects. Nitrogen deposition significantly increased absorption of P and Mn, but no interactive effect of warming, Nitrogen deposition, and different part on all of 12 element contents. In addition, absorption and allocation of N, K, Ca and Mg were significantly different between reproductive branches and vegetative branches (P<0.05).

蒙药嘎日迪散(嘎日迪-2)由蒙药野罂粟、阿给组成,是蒙医治疗大肠"宝如病"的主要验方,具有清腹热、消"粘"、消肿痛、止痢.用于"赫依"、"巴达干"病,赤白痢疾、腹痛血痢、胃肠下痢.野罂粟药材为罂粟科植物野罂栗(Papaver nudicule,L.)的干燥全草.分布于我国东北及内蒙古、山西、宁夏、新疆等地.味酸涩、微苦,性微寒;归肺、肾、胃、大肠经,具有敛肺止咳,涩肠止泻,镇痛作用.在北方各少数民族中治肠炎,痢疾等沿用已久[1-2].处方中阿给为菊科蒿属植物冷蒿(Artemisfa frigida Willd)的地上部分,收载于《认药白晶鉴》、《无误蒙药鉴》、《中华本草·蒙药卷》等[3-4].味苦,性原,效淡、糙、钝.有止血,消肿,制伏痈疽,消"奇哈"之功效.