This study examines the intersection of renewable energy and tourism by exploring why domestic tourists visit wind farm sites for recreation. Traditionally seen as industrial facilities, wind farms are now recognized as dual-purpose attractions that promote environmental awareness and local economic growth. Using the Value–Belief–Norm (VBN) theory, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) as theoretical lenses, we investigate the psychological, social, and cultural factors influencing wind farm tourism. The key determinants of tourist behavior include attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, personal norms, and environmental beliefs. Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicates that personal norms have the strongest direct impact on tourists’ intentions (underscoring the importance of internalized moral obligations in this context), with additional indirect effects through environmental citizenship factors. The findings highlight wind farms’ potential to foster sustainability, community engagement, and rural development. Managerial recommendations include providing visitor amenities, targeted marketing, and community involvement to enhance wind farms’ appeal as tourism destinations. This study contributes to tourism theory by expanding the definition of attractions to include renewable energy sites. Future research should examine the moderating role of past behavior and incorporate additional environmental citizenship variables to deepen insights into wind farm tourism.

The transliteration model of foreign proper names into Chinese is shaped mainly by its typological characteristics of syllable-mightiness, differing from phoneme-mighty languages.Chinese character influences the transliteration, but syllable-mightiness weighs more in this scheme.The transliteration units of proper names are based on syllables which only consist of the existing ones in its phonological inventory. Those phonemes that cannot enter inventorial syllables will be combined with added phonemes to form inventorial syllables, or otherwise be deleted directly. These strategies of transliteration are also found in other syllable-mighty languages with various writing systems such as Japanese, Korean and Thai, indicating that there is no compulsory connection between writing systems and the syllable-based transliteration strategy. Syllable-mightiness and the nature of the Chinese character together contribute to the result that the same original proper name may have different forms of translation; and the same pronunciation of a translated name may be written in different characters. In this case, we argue that the“adding rather than omitting”strategy adopted by the mainstream media, such as Xinhua News Agency, is conducive to the fidelity and consistency of the translations of proper names.

指物疑问代词"啥"在吴江、苏州等北部吴语中除了用作论元及限定词外,还有几种少见于其他方言的扩展功能,其中包括作为副词性代词在动词前或句首询问原因的功能.原因疑问代词"啥"带有比普通话"怎么"更强的反预期语气,预期性成为原因疑问代词的寄生范畴;加上其他原因疑问代词或短语,吴江话形成6个词语(7个功能单位)的原因疑问代词库藏(相对于英语why一个词),在寄生的预期性范畴上形成少见的"中性-反预期-强反预期(负面惊异)"三分法.文章并结合早期苏州话文献,探讨了吴江话"啥"从指物疑问代词扩展出原因疑问代词的4种路径,并对四种路径的可能性进行了评估.

With regard to referential requirement on topicalization, the literature has been focusing on definiteness, with little attention to genericity（kind-denoting）. The present paper aims to focus on the active role of kind-denoting elements in topicalization and the underlying factors in Chinese. Opposed to individuality, the upper category covering definiteness and indefiniteness, kind reference is close to definiteness, particularly to proper nouns, both belonging to shared long-term given information, though it is a bit different from other kinds of definiteness which usually occur as situational given information. Kind-denoting elements play an active role in topicalization in Chinese. Among four classes and 19 subclasses of topic constructions, definite elements can serve as topic in eight subclasses while generic elements are seen in 17 subclasses. The paper specifies three factors which may trigger topicalization of generic elements: I. Information status: Generic elements as shared given information have the potential for topicalization. II. The language type: Chinese as a topic-prominent language has topic as an inherent syntactical function, giving rise to rich topic constructions. Topic as a mighty category expands its range of application from situational given information to shared long-term given information, including generic elements. III. Cognitive schema: A generic element can mainly serve as one of the three types of frame topics, i.e., domain topic, split topic and identical topic. Topics of these types and their corresponding elements in the comments can form big-small cognitive schemas, which observes the Principle of Frame Being Bigger than Content for topic constructions（Liu 2004）.

本文对吴语和粤语中动词后的限止算子(只/only义)"得"进行比较研究.文献中仅粤语"得"有此功能,作为右向量化的焦点算子.本文指出当代吴语吴江话和早期上海话也有类似成分.文章先详细描写吴江话动后"得"的句法语义功能,分析了动后"得"与动前副词"只"及"剩"的异同."只"除数量成分外也可以后接名词,只限制名词的类,而"得""剩"必须后接数量成分,限制数量.接着比较了吴粤方言的"得".吴语"得"可以用在单双音节动词后及动结式动趋式之后,是副词性的后附缀,而粤语"得"只用于单音动词后,是动词后缀.吴语"得"必须后接数量成分,粤语"得"后也可以接并列成分.吴语粤语都是由完成类体标记"得"与限止义功能词同现后感染限止义,同时在完成体功能被"仔"/"佐"覆盖后成为独立的限止算子,是物尽其用原则和同源方言平行发展的沿流(drift)现象的例证.

论元否定指以否定形式表达论元(主要是宾语)量化值为零的命题.Kahrel (1996)通过跨语言考察,归纳论元否定的表达手段有5种类型,其中汉语有类型1(John not bought something)和类型5(There is nothing that John bought.),主要依据是"我没买什么".本文指出"什么"否定句不是论元零量化句.汉语论元否定句有6种构式,代表性的构式是光杆名词宾语否定句(我没买东西),须补进类型系统.其他5种(我什么都没买;我没买一点儿/一分钱东西;我一点儿都没买;我没买任何东西;我没有买一切东西)各有原因而不能视为论元否定句的代表.文末分析了光杆名词宾语句成为汉语代表性论元否定句的库藏背景.

本文提出语言类型学可对国际中文教育起积极作用.当代语言类型学通过大规模跨语言调查比较研究,探求人类语言的共性和类型差异,也以此深化对具体语言的研究.语言类型学非常切合国际中文教育面向全球拓展的态势,尤其符合中国两大传统教育理念——有教无类(语言共性)和因材施教(类型差异).文章扼要介绍了国际中文教育需要了解的语言类型学知识,分析了类型学背景下汉语特点研究的成果,尤其是音节显赫、多样化语序类型和话题优先等重要特征,以及量词、语气词、动补式、连动式等显赫范畴;本文结合部分语言有别于汉语的一些重要类型特征,简要阐明了若干运用类型学方法研究国际中文教育,促进因"类"施教的成功案例.

广州话中与"葡萄"等义的"提子"随新品种的引入而借入普通话后,形成了普通话中"提子—葡萄"的对立,说明与目标语现存词等义的词语借用会引起库藏效应,相似现象还有"车厘子—樱桃""奇异果—猕猴桃""布林—李子"等.等义词借用在特定社会文化条件下有可能发生,并且在词库中物尽其用,使词汇范畴切分进一步细化,避免等义现象造成的词库资源浪费.这与形态学研究中基于避免等义原则的词汇系统非单调性现象和库藏类型学物尽其用原则一样,都体现了语言经济性原则.等义词借入所造成的借入方基本层次范畴的更细切分在作为文化要素源头的借出方中的缺失,说明词汇范畴的粗细并不完全由文化要素的丰约和认知程度的深浅所决定,库藏结构对语义范畴化具有很大的反作用.

Dr. Richard Nisbett's seminal publication appropriately titled The Geography of Thought has generated considerable scientific interest relative to the social as well as cognitive processes that underlie information processing and assimilation. The encapsulation of Nisbett's body of research is best summarized as how people process information directly impacts what they think. Furthermore, the application of social psychology research pertaining to ontological impact upon argument and reasoning analysis is lacking in the hospitality literature. Testing Nisbett's premise using hospitality and tourism students in China, Korea, Colombia, and the US discovered a presence of geographical differences in information processing (decoding) of argument and reasoning statements, although within group variances in information analysis was also detected. The implication is that a deeper understanding of how cognitive, sociocultural, individual, situational factors influence decision making is needed in hospitality and tourism.

Higher vocational education is a type and level of higher education in the national education system. According to the needs of social posts, it trains practical talents at the front line. The mechanical industry shoulders the responsibility of providing various technical equipment for the material life and production of human beings. The improvement of mechanical design and manufacturing level can ensure the sustained and high-speed development of national economic construction. Machining is the basic technology, which plays an important role in the mechanical industry [1]. The design of mechanical processing technology in higher vocational education aims at training practical talents and serving the machinery industry better. The traditional teaching mode of machining technology is no longer suitable for the concept of education. Mechanical technology can not be lost, it needs to be developed and designed. How to teach, how to learn, we combine boring theory and practice. The team of teachers designed and developed the “teaching carrier” and adopted project-based teaching. Mechanical technology points are infiltrated into each subtask. We should increase the process assessment, pay attention to the cultivation of professional quality, improve the teaching environment, and integrate “teaching, learning and doing”. After three rounds of teaching implementation, the teaching effect is remarkable, students quickly adapt to the needs of the mechanical technology industry, social recognition is very high.

本文主要以词(实词、虚词)和构式两种语言单位为例,分析义项之间的影响和制约关系,质疑传统理论通常持有的"义项独立观"(每个义项都是独立意义单位,多义单位在具体语境中只能有一个义项得到实现,其他义项处于隐性或被抑制的状态),本文对此提出义项非独立观,认为义项即使在具体语境中也并不一定是独立的.语言单位的基本义/中心义较具独立性,而派生义项往往与基本义有单向在线联系或在线依存关系,听话人可能通过接受基本义再实时转化出派生义项.屈折形态的多范畴性、双关、交际歧义等不属于义项非独立现象.派生义常常保留基本义的物性结构,在组合、搭配关系方面常常沿用基本义的模式而并不一定呈现派生义应有的组合搭配模式.重新分析和库藏裂变会影响义项的独立性.文章最后分析了义项非独立观在共时层面、历时层面和跨语言层面所具有的重要理论意义.

Robot understanding of spatial object relations is key for a symbiotic human-robot interaction. Understanding the meaning of such relations between objects in a current scene and target relations specified in natural language commands is essential for the generation of robot manipulation action goals to change the scene by relocating objects relative to each other to fulfill the desired spatial relations. This ability requires a representation of spatial relations, which maps spatial relation symbols extracted from language instructions to subsymbolic object goal locations in the world. We present a generative model of static and dynamic 3D spatial relations between multiple reference objects. The model is based on a parametric probability distribution defined in cylindrical coordinates and is learned from examples provided by humans manipulating a scene in the real world. We demonstrate the ability of our representation to generate suitable object goal positions for a pick-and-place task on a humanoid robot, where object relations specified in natural language commands are extracted, object goal positions are determined and used for parametrizing the actions needed to transfer a given scene into a new one that fulfills the specified relations.

Understanding spatial relations is a key element for natural human-robot interaction. Especially, a robot must be able to manipulate a given scene according to a human verbal command specifying desired spatial relations between objects. To endow robots with this ability, a suitable representation of spatial relations is necessary, which should be derivable from human demonstrations. We claim that polar coordinates can capture the underlying structure of spatial relations better than Cartesian coordinates and propose a parametric probability distribution defined in polar coordinates to represent spatial relations. We consider static spatial relations such as left of, behind, and near, as well as dynamic ones such as closer to and other side of, and take into account verbal modifiers such as roughly and a lot. We show that adequate distributions can be derived for various combinations of spatial relations and modifiers in a sample-efficient way using Maximum Likelihood Estimation, evaluate the effects of modifiers on the distribution parameters, and demonstrate our representation's usefulness in a pick-and-place task on a real robot.

Over the past decade, the Chinese government has strategically aligned its environment preservation and social enhancement policies encompassing energy tourism to provide residents with an economically viable, environmentally clean, and appealing leisure alternative. This study empirically tested previously noted consumer acceptance trends via the application of eye-tracking technology. The results of this controlled test confirm the attractiveness of wind farms as associated with educational interest in wind energy technology, appreciation of natural surroundings, social affiliations, and engagement in recreational activities.

创新研究短课是我校特色性的本科教学模式.材料学专业是一门理论与应用相结合的学科,本文从学生学习该课程的实际情况出发,基于问题导向的教学方法,结合创新研究与材料学专业的特点,对教学内容、教学方法和考核方式等方面的教学改革进行探讨.

Studies concerning adoption of wind energy tourism is growing in interest for academic researchers; however, the body of knowledge surrounding consumer adoption of wind farming as a tourism experience is still in its infancy. The enclosed study tests the applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) using that model's core constructs of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, subjective norms, and attitude measurements are predictors of action. The reported sample consisted of 287 Chinese residents who had visited China's Ningbo wind farm facility. By application of the factor analysis procedure, it was determined that behavioral beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms control, and normative beliefs exerted an interactive effect on resident intent to visit the Ningbo wind farm for recreational purposes. The prevailing message is that the need for social bonding, normative influences exerted by peers comprising environmental consciousness, and curiosity associated with the science behind wind farm technology serve as primary drivers of interest in wind farming for recreational purposes.

Scientific collaboration networks are frequently subjected to various unexpected pressures and shocks, which would lead to system performance dropping substantially and even becoming invalid. Resilience is the capability of a scientific collaboration network to maintain its effectiveness in the event of any attack or perturbation against the network. Here, we investigate an effective measurement index for network resilience and try to accurately predict resilience thresholds in advance. Once resilience is close to or lower than the threshold value, risk evaluation, and resilience-based strategies should be immediately adopted to adjust to a range of actions, thereby ensuring that the network endures large perturbations before reaching the bifurcations and risking a transition to undesired states. Quantitative analysis framework for resilience begins with designing a knowledge dissemination model with interactive collaboration item and different types of experimentally mapped networks. Then, a variety of perturbations are imposed on these simulated networks controlled by the constructed model to test network resilience and its thresholds. Limited by the multidimensional parameter space of the system, critical transitions marking the loss of resilience are unpredictable. Inspired by Gao's work, mapping the multi-dimensional equations into a 1-D resilience function, network resilience can be measured by the effective mapping parameter and bifurcation points of resilience can be solved theoretically. We also validate the calculated critical values with numerical simulations. Our findings can help to design optimal principles for dealing with perturbations or intervention strategies for preventing the loss of resilience happening in scientific collaboration networks.

This research investigates a new phenomenon – foodstagramming, in which tourists embark on capturing and sharing food photos – using a mixed-methods approach in three studies. Study 1 assesses how foodstagramming experiences are phenomenologically constructed in a field inquiry. Studies 2 and 3 undergo a rigorous scale development process by setting forth a foodstagramming benefit scale, which measures tourist perceived value in capturing and sharing of food photos in social media. These two studies further test its nomological network via a relationship leading from impression management to travel satisfaction through foodstagramming benefits. Results address the conundrum in the literature, which conjectures why self-expression, enrichment of dining experience, social connection, virtual community engagement, and special occasion memory underpin the foodstragramming phenomenon and how they could reap favorable travel outcomes. This research further contributes to the hospitality and tourism industry with insights on technology mediated dining and travel experiences.

Organizations that track energy development have noted that China continues to be the world leader in wind power generation. Given the country's large geographical landmass, topographical elevations, coastlines, rapid industrial development, focus on green energy, and economic stimulation programs already in place this trend is a natural outcome. The rapid expansion of wind farming, both globally and within China, in combination with rising consumer intrigue with wind farms, increasing ecological preservation efforts, interest in `green' tourist experiences, indicates a need to measure the predictive impact of environmental citizenship upon behavioral intent to engage in wind farm activities. Results of this study indicate that personal engagement in wind energy activities is predicted by enculturation of environmental beliefs, competence in ecological/environmentalism, and is accentuated by activism and engagement.

Accurately describing the knowledge dissemination process is significant to enhance the performance of personalized education. In this study, considering the effect of periodic teaching activities on the learning process, we propose a periodic impulsive knowledge dissemination system to regenerate the knowledge dissemination process. Meanwhile, we put forward learning effectiveness which is an outcome of a trade-off between the benefits and costs raised by knowledge dissemination as objective function. Further, we investigate the optimal teaching strategy which can maximize learning effectiveness, to obtain the optimal effect of knowledge dissemination affected by the teaching activities. We solve this dynamic optimization problem by optimal control theory and get the optimization system. At last we numerically solve this system in several practical examples to make the conclusions intuitive and specific. The optimal teaching strategy proposed in this paper can be applied widely in the optimization problem of personal education and beneficial for enhancing the effect of knowledge dissemination.