We conducted community interviews and field surveys to determine the distribution and population of the Endangered Shortridge's capped langur Trachypithecus shortridgei, and the threats to the species, in the Dulong and Nu River valleys of north-western Yunnan Province, China. We found that c. 19 groups of T. shortridgei reside in the Dulong valley, mostly located in the southern portion of the valley. According to interview and observational records in the Gaoligong Mountains to the west of the Nu River, 12 individuals and no groups were observed. Family groups consist of one adult male, 2-3 adult females and up to five young. We estimate the population of T. shortridgei in China to be c. 250-370 individuals. Threats to the species include habitat loss and poaching. We suggest several measures to conserve T. shortridgei, such as a review of the Gaoligong National Nature Reserve management strategy, and increasing engagement, education, inclusion of local people in forest management, and the consistency of enforcement.

通过统计中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会官网数据库提供的有机农产品登记信息发现,截至2015年1月,云南有效认证的有机企业231家,产品涉及五大类,17个品种,包括茶、植物类中药、动物类产品、水果、谷物及谷类制品等在内,共计390个产品.其中茶叶(包括鲜叶及制成品)有机认证占比最高,占总认证量36％;其次为植物类中药,占16.7％.与2005年相比,云南有机认证产品量和产品种类均大幅提高,但市场发育不足.

2012年11月至2013年7月间研究了独龙江乡区域羚牛指名亚种Budorcas taxicolor taxicolor(后文简称羚牛)的种群分布、数量和保护现状的问题.研究采用了改良的访问调查和实地调查相结合的方法.其中实地调查独龙江乡羚牛种群一群,调查面积35.70 km2,目测羚牛种群数量58头,适宜生境面积24.46 km2.计算羚牛适宜生境种群密度为2.4头/km2.种群数量和访查信息相符合,说明采用访问调查的方法是可靠的.本研究共计访问调查了独龙江乡的25个村庄,发现共有12个羚牛种群分布在独龙江乡,分布区羚牛适宜生境面积总和为167 km2.综合羚牛分布区面积和访查结果,本研究估算当前独龙江羚牛种群数量为400～ 450头.根据实地调查中羚牛利用的生境类型,利用GIS分析获得全独龙江羚牛适宜生境面积为1726 km2,可承载超过4000头,因此独龙江区域应为羚牛指名亚种的主要分布区.基于访查结果本研究还分析了羚牛的垂直分布和保护现状,提出降低人为干扰和保护羚牛生境廊道是独龙江羚牛保护的关键.

This paper summarizes the results of 358 interviews we conducted on Rhinopithecus strykeri in the Gaoligong Mountains, northwest Yunnan, China, between April 2011 and December 2012. Based on our interview records and selective field surveys (47 days of field survey for seven possible distribution areas), we suggest that there may be up to 10 groups of R. strykeri occurring in China between the Salween River and the border with Myanmar, and that the total population of R. strykeri in China should be between 490 and 620 animals. According to interviewees, Rhinopithecus strykeri tends to use conifer and mixed conifer-broad-leaved forest, predominantly between 2,600 and 3,100 m above sea level. To better protect this globally threatened species, classified as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), we suggest extensions to current nature reserve boundaries to better include the home ranges of China's remaining population.

2011年10月至2013年10月在云南高黎贡山自然保护区泸水县片马镇地区对一群怒江金丝猴的社会组织进行研究,基于野外实地记录与获得的视频资料统计猴群的个体数量,研究群数量初步估计为100只。根据体型、毛色及是否携带婴猴等特征来划分所有个体的性别年龄组,依据单元内个体通过林窗时移动的时间间隔比单元间短的原则来划分不同繁殖单元及全雄群。所有视频中共发现22个一雄多雌单元（OMU）和1个全雄群（AMU）,因此怒江金丝猴的社会组织与其他金丝猴物种相似,由多个一雄多雌及其后代组成繁殖单元（OMUs）与雄性个体组成全雄群（AMU）组成重层社会（Modular society）;另外基于GPS位点初步确定猴群活动的海拔范围为1 900-3 700 m,猴群生境面积约为12 km2,初步获得猴群的密度为8只/km2,比缅甸的种群密度（1只/km2）大得多。基于种群性别年龄计算种群动态参数,雄雌比为1∶2.1,婴雌比为1∶4.7,成幼比为2.5∶1。与滇金丝猴种群相比,该种群有很低的婴雌比和很高的成幼比。

Generally, food abundance and distribution exert important influence on primate ranging behavior. Hoolock gibbons (genus Hoolock) live in lowland and montane forests in India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and China. All information about hoolock gibbons comes from studies on western hoolock gibbons (Hoolock hoolock) living in lowland forest. Between August 2010 and September 2011, we studied the ranging behavior of one habituated group of eastern hoolock gibbon (H. leuconedys) living in a seasonal montane forest in Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China. Results show that the study group did not increase foraging effort, calculated in this study as the daily path length, when fruit was less available. Instead, the gibbons fed more on leaves and decreased traveling to conserve energy. They relied heavily on a single food species in most study months which was patchily distributed within their total (14-month) home range, and during most months they used only a small portion of their total home range. In order to find enough food, the group shifted its monthly home range according to the seasonal availability of food species. To satisfy their annual food requirements, they occupied a total home range of 93 ha. The absence of neighboring groups of gibbons and the presence of tsaoko cardamom (Amomum tsaoko) plantations may also have influenced the ranging behavior of the group. Further long-term studies of neighboring groups living in intact forests are required to assess these effects.

根据2010年全国分县行政区划电子地图、第六次人口普查结果等数据,运用地理信息系统和理论性演绎分析等手段分析中国人口分布、流动趋势与耕地利用情况.结果表明,2010年中国人口分布特点为东密西疏,东南部人口密中有疏,西北部人口疏中有密,人口分布格局没有明显变化,人口集中程度高;2000 ～2010年全国人均耕地面积由0.103 hm2/人下降到0.091 hm2/人,耕地利用率下降,同时不同海拔阶梯地区农业生产效率不同,第二阶梯最高,第三阶梯最低;人均耕地面积的减少使得人口压力增加,第三阶梯人口压力明显高于第一、二阶梯,在农业生产效率提高的因素下第三阶梯地区人口会向较低人口压力的第一、二阶梯地区流动,即中国东南半壁范围向西北方向扩散.