The formation of submerged areas in Qinghai Lake, driven by rising water levels, has resulted in substantial changes in environmental characteristics, phosphorus dynamics, and microbial community composition. Climate-driven hydrological expansion promotes phosphorus remobilization in submerged sediments, necessitating targeted management to mitigate eutrophication risks in Qinghai Lake and analogous alpine ecosystems. This study examines the impacts of submersion on water chemistry, sediment properties, and microbial communities across multiple sites around the lake, including submerged regions, estuaries, and the lake body. Water quality analysis revealed that eutrophication and pollution were more pronounced in flooded areas compared to the lake and estuarine zones, with particulate matter and chlorophyll significantly increased. pH and redox potential measurements revealed that submerged areas exhibited similar characteristics to the lake, with elevated pH and distinct redox shifts. Sediment analysis demonstrated significant changes in particle composition, with coarse sands larger than 0.63 mm accounting for most of the sediment in submerged zones, whereas finer particles (<0.16 mm) predominated in the lake and estuarine sediments, reflecting alterations in sediment texture due to flooding. Phosphorus concentration in water bodies was significantly elevated in submerged areas, with higher levels of both total phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus forms compared to the lake. Moreover, microbial diversity analysis indicated that microbial communities in submerged areas exhibited distinct characteristics from those in the lake and estuary, with greater complexity in co-occurrence networks and shifts in dominant microbial taxa, notably Rhodobacteraceae and Pseudomonadaceae. The abundance of phosphorus-related genes, particularly those involved in phosphate metabolism, was higher in submerged areas, indicating an enhanced microbial contribution to phosphorus cycling. These findings suggest that newly submerged zones not only accelerate internal phosphorus loading but also restructure microbial networks, thereby enhancing the risk of eutrophication. It emphasized shifts in nutrient cycling and microbial dynamics that may affect the overall health and stability of the aquatic ecosystem.

Cyanobacterial blooms occur frequently in lakes worldwide, disrupting aquatic ecosystem balance and directly threatening drinking water safety and fisheries production. Establishing a reliable bloom early-warning system has therefore become an urgent priority for lake water management. This study adopts a structured narrative review approach to synthesize the major early-warning methods, including indicator threshold methods, statistical and empirical models, mechanistic models, machine learning, and remote sensing monitoring. These methods are compared in terms of their fundamental principles, data requirements, predictive capabilities, applicability, interpretability, and computational and maintenance requirements. Emerging trends in multi-source data fusion, multi-model integration, and the development of integrated early-warning systems are also summarized. The findings indicate that each method has distinct strengths and limitations with respect to forecasting lead time, spatial coverage, process interpretation, and operational costs, and that no single method can simultaneously meet the requirements of multiscale bloom monitoring and forecasting. Integrating multi-source data from in situ monitoring, remote sensing observations, and meteorological and hydrological measurements, while coordinating statistical models, mechanistic models, and artificial intelligence algorithms according to specific forecasting objectives, represents an important pathway for improving the robustness and operational applicability of early-warning systems. Given the pronounced seasonal ice cover, substantial hydrological variability, limited monitoring data, and marked regional heterogeneity of some cold and arid region lakes, future research should strengthen high-frequency monitoring during critical periods, promote coordination between remote sensing and in situ observations, and conduct local calibration of early-warning thresholds and model parameters. Season-specific models should also be developed to account for environmental differences among ice-covered, ice-off transition, and open-water periods. Overall, early warning of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes is evolving from the application of individual methods toward the integration of multi-source monitoring, multi-model integration, and decision support, thereby providing a reference for bloom risk prevention and water environment management across different types of lakes.

The upper Yangtze River is an important water conservation area， and its hilly terrain is prone to soil erosion， which causes pollutants such as heavy metals to migrate into the water and then accumulate in the reservoir sediments. It may pose a potential threat to drinking water safety and water ecological health. In this study， the Quanmin Reservoir Basin of Sichuan Province located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was selected， and the basic sediment physicochemical properties as well as the spatial distributions and occurrence characteristics of heavy metals （including Cr， Mn， Ni， Cu， Zn， Cd， and Pb） in the main inflowing rivers and reservoir areas were investigated. The sources， correlations with environmental factors， and potential risks of heavy metals were analyzed using multivariate statistical methods. The results showed that： ① The average content of each heavy metal in sediments was higher in the downstream reservoir than that in the upstream rivers. Both in the river and the reservoir sediments， Mn and Cd mainly existed in the acid-soluble state in both the river and the reservoir， while the other five heavy metals mainly existed in the residual state. ② Combined with the results of the correlation analysis， principal component analysis， and the positive matrix factorization， the natural sources of Cr， Ni， Cu， Zn， Cd， and Pb contrabuted more than 60%， while the agricultural sources of Mn contrabuted more than 70%. ③ Organic matter， nitrogen， phosphorus， and redox potential in the sediments significantly affected the distribution and occurrence fractions of the studied heavy metals. ④ The pollution degrees and comprehensive potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the sediments were at the low level， but the average risk coding indexes of Mn and Cd reached 56.0% and 51.2%， respectively. Considering the different sources and the higher release potential of Mn when compared with those of the other metals， further attention should be paid to the potential impacts of Mn on the water environment and aquatic ecosystem.

Multiple factors in the river-lake connected system can affect the transport and transformation of arsenic (As) in sediments. In this study, As source and sink characteristics under phosphorus (P) competition in sediments from river (R), lake (L) and lake-centre (LC) of river-lake connected system were analyzed, and the As release regionality and continuity were also discussed. The study showed that the ORP of the sediments at each site was negative with a mean value of -151 mV. The sediments in the R region were weakly acidic and those in the LC region were weakly alkaline. The R region had relatively high EAsC0 concentrations, while the LC region had the largest EPC0 value of 0.17 mg L-1. As in the sediments competed very strongly with P for sources and sinks, with the sediments in the R region as a source of strong As and weak P, in the L region as a source of weak As and weak P, and in the LC region as an As sink and P source. Regions of high risk of As release from sediments were the R and L regions. Sediments in the L and LC regions had a high value of DAsS (the degree of As saturation), 8.9-13.1% and 8-13%, respectively, and the P release risk and saturation were inversely proportional to this result. The contribution analysis showed that surface sediments provided the largest contribution of As release, and the release contribution of As(v) was greater than that of As(iii). In addition, the microbial community analysis identified Proteobacteria as the most abundant species in the sediments, with a relative abundance ranging from 42.4% to 53.2%. This bacterium, known for its As-metabolizing capabilities, was found to be positively correlated with the risk of As release. The analysis of As content in sediments revealed a gradient of R region < L region < LC region, confirming that rivers are significant contributors of As contamination to the lake.

To accurately identify the dynamic distribution of heavy metals （Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb） in eutrophic lakes and their response mechanism to environmental changes, the distribution levels of heavy metals in the overlying water and surface sediments of Meiliang Bay in Taihu Lake were analyzed during summer and winter. Additionally, the change characteristics of heavy metals at the sediment-water interface in particular were observed using film diffusion gradient technology （DGT） and high-resolution dialysis technology （HR-Peeper）. The results showed that the average concentrations of five heavy metals both in overlying water and surface sediments generally decreased in the order of Zn&gt;Ni&gt;Cu&gt;Pb&gt;Cd. The concentrations of heavy metals in the overlying water, as well as the bioavailable and dissolved concentrations of heavy metals （cDGT and cPeeper） at the sediment-water interface, were generally higher in summer than in winter. The Mantel test showed significant correlations between cDGT at the sediment-water interface and heavy metal concentrations in overlying water, confirming that heavy metal migration from sediment directly affected the levels of heavy metals in overlying water. Redundancy analysis （RDA） was further used to identify the key environmental factors regulating the dynamic changes of heavy metals at the sediment-water interface, including dissolved oxygen （DO）, chlorophyll-a （Chla）, pH, sediment pH （S_pH）, and sediment redox potential （S_Eh）. Among them, cDGT-Ni, cDGT-Cu, cDGT-Cd, and cDGT-Pb were mainly positively correlated with Chla and pH, and negatively correlated with S_Eh, S_pH, and DO. This reflects that algal blooms during summer significantly promoted the heavy metal migration from sediment to water.

BackgroundA subset of multiple myeloma (MM) patients exhibited worse survival and higher tumor burden. STAiR18 has been found to be highly expressed in MM cell lines. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the upstream and downstream regulation of STAiR18 have remained unclear.MethodsThe expression of STAiR18 and miR-451a in MM patients and cell lines was detected using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). ChIP-qPCR was performed to assess the enrichment of pSTAT3 at the STAiR18 promoter. The subcellular localization of STAiR18 was determined by FISH. The binding relationship between STAiR18 and miR-451a was predicted through bioinformatics analyses and validated using RNA pull down and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Cell proliferation was evaluated with CCK-8 assay, Edu assay, and flow cytometry. The expression levels of key proteins in the IL-6R/STAT3/JAK2 pathway, along with Cyclin D1 and apoptosis-related markers, were analyzed by Western blot. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were quantified by flow cytometry. The role of STAiR18 was also investigated in vivo using a xenograft tumor model, which was established by tail vein injection of MM cell lines into NOG mice.ResultsIn MM patients, STAiR18 expression was notably upregulated in myeloma cells from bone marrow, and positively correlated with clinical stage and worse outcome. Knockdown (KD) and overexpression (OE) of STAT3 affected the expression level of STAiR18, and pSTAT3 was significantly enriched in STAiR18's promoter. Knockdown of STAiR18 reduced the proliferation of MM cells in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. STAiR18 was predicted and confirmed to primarily localize in the cytoplasm. STAiR18 KD resulted in upregulation of miR-451a levels. The binding between STAiR18 and miR-451a (silencing IL-6R) was predicted and validated. Through KD and rescue experiments, we demonstrated that STAiR18 sponged miR-451a, and promoted myeloma cell proliferation via IL-6R/STAT3/JAK2 pathway.ConclusionsThe study revealed that STAiR18 competed with endogenous miR-451a, and formed a novel positive-feedback loop of IL-6R/STAT3/JAK2 to promote proliferation of MM. These findings suggest that STAiR18 represents a promising novel therapeutic strategy for MM treatment.

Identifying fatty acid metabolism (FAM)-related molecular signatures to construct a prognostic model for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Transcriptomic profiles and clinical data from MM patients were retrieved from GEO and MMRF databases. FAM-related genes were screened by WGCNA, and one-way cox analysis was performed to identify genes associated with survival. LASSO regression analysis was then performed to construct FAM-related gene characteristics and risk scores. A clinical nomogram incorporating risk scores was developed. Immune microenvironment analysis (CIBERSORT) and functional enrichment (GO/KEGG/GSVA) were performed to characterize risk groups. Quantitative PCR validated hub gene expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) from 10 newly diagnosed MM patients and 10 healthy donors. In vitro functional assays (CCK-8 proliferation, flow cytometry cell cycle analysis) assessed the impact of CCNA2/KIF11/NUSAP1 knockdown in MM cell lines. We identified 37 prognostic FAM-related genes (FMGs). Among them, 16 genes were used to construct LASSO regression models. KM analysis showed that high-risk patients had poorer prognosis (training set: P < 0.001; test set: P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.787. Immunoscape analysis showed that high-risk patients had an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Functional enrichment studies confirmed that high-risk patients had increased abnormalities in cell cycle, aging and metabolic processes. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed CCNA2, KIF11, and NUSAP1 up-regulated in MM patients. CCNA2, KIF11, and NUSAP1 knockdown significantly caused cell cycle arrest and decreased proliferation ability of MM cells. We identified 37 survival-associated FMGs in MM patients, and verified the effects of CCNA2, KIF11, and NUSAP1 on the cell cycle and proliferation of MM cells. Our results also suggest that survival-associated traits based on these genes are potentially robust prognostic biomarkers for MM patients.

The arsenic (As) release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various factors. In this study, the characteristics of As release from sediments was investigated, and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sediments from different areas (grass-type, algae-type, and grass-algae alternation areas) in great shallow lakes (Taihu Lake, China) were analyzed, and the influence of P competition in the process of As release was also studied. The results showed that changing trend of the values of equilibrium As concentration in sediments were consistent with the regional changes (0 to 28.12 µg/L), and the sediments from algae-type areas had the higher values. The sediments from western lake and northwest lake bay were a strong As and a weak P source, and the north lake bay had the opposite trend of these two regions. Intense P source competition with As from the sediments occurred in algae-type areas. The grass-type areas had strong As and P retention capacities, indicating a sink role of sediment with high As and P sorption capacities. The degree of As and P saturation had similar trend in sediments, and the grass-type areas had the higher values, 18.3%-21.4% and 15.31%-20.34%, respectively. Contribution analysis results showed that most of As release contribution was from the bottom (30-50 cm) sediments, and the surface (0-10 cm) sediments from algae-type areas contributed more to the overlying water than other region.

Background: G-protein-coupled receptor class 5 member D (GPRC5D) is a cell-surface protein expressed at high levels on multiple Myeloma (MM) cells. Concurrent binding to GPRC5D on tumor cells and CD3 subunit within the T-cell receptor (TCR) on T cells results in immunological synapse formation and T-cell activation which directs tumor cell killing. QLS32015 is a novel humanized IgG1 GPRC5D×CD3 T-cell engaging bispecific antibody. The ongoing phase Ia study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of subcutaneous QLS32015 monotherapy in RRMM patients. Methods: This is a first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation/expansion, phase I trial (NCT05920876). In the phase Ia dose-escalation stage, eligible patients were aged ≥18 years old, who were diagnosed as multiple myeloma (MM) according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria, and had progressed from or were intolerable to established therapies. The dose of QLS32105 were set from 2 to 800 (2, 6, 18, 54, 100, 200, 400, 800) g/kg (subcutaneously; QW, every 3 weeks a cycle, for doses 2-18 g/kg; or Q2W, every 4 weeks a cycle, for doses ≥ 54 g/kg). Adopting an accelerated titration design (ATD), dose of QLS32015 within the first 3 dose groups were escalated in one-subject cohort until one subject experienced Grade >2 toxicity related with QLS32105. In dose level ≥ 6 g/kg group, the step-up priming dosing strategy (2 g/kg on the 3rd day before C1D1 for 6 g/kg group; 2 g/kg on the 7th day before C1D1 and 6 g/kg on the 3rd day before C1D1 for ≥ 18 g/kg groups) was applied, thereafter, the target doses were administrated. The duration from initiation of priming phase to the end of the first cycle was defined as the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) observation period. From that point or after completion of ATD phase, Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) design was adopted in the rest doses for dose escalation and determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The primary endpoints of the Ia stage included DLT, MTD, RP2D, and safety. Results: As of 31th May, 2024, 11 patients were enrolled from 3 sites, with median age of 61.0 years (range, 48-72), 45.5% male, 100% ethnic Han Chinese, 100% ECOG performance score ≤ 1, 45.5% with the International Staging System (ISS) stage I/II; 63.6% with revised-ISS (R-ISS) stage I/II, 45.5% with extramedullary lesions, and 36.4% with ≥30% bone marrow plasma cells. Patients had a median of 3.0 (range, 1-8) prior lines of therapy; 63.6% were triple-class-exposed RRMM; 54.5% had one autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT); and 18.2% had been treated with B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-CART. There was 1 patient treated with QLS32015 at 2 g/kg, 3 at 6 g/kg, 4 at 18 g/kg, and 3 at 54 g/kg. No DLT was observed and the MTD was not reached. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 11 (100%) patients, with grade ≥3 occurring in 11 (100%) patients. The most common TRAEs were cytokine release syndrome (CRS) (100%), lymphocyte count decreased (90.9%), platelet count decreased (90.9%), anemia (90.9%), and white blood cell count decreased (90.9%). All CRS was grade 1 or 2 and the median duration time was 2.0 days (range, 0.1-19.8). No patient reported the occurrence of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). There was no occurrence of TRAE leading to discontinuation or death. After a median follow-up of 2.9 months (range, 1-8), 8 out of 11 patients had been evaluated for response, with 3 patients being not yet to have their first efficacy evaluation. The IMWG objective response rate was 75.0% (6/8), with 1 (12.5%) patient assessed as very good partial response (VGPR) in the 18 g/kg group, 5 (62.5%) partial response (PR) (2 PR in the 6 g/kg group and 3 PR in the18 g/kg group). There were 1 (12.5%) sable disease (SD) in the 6 g/kg group and 1 (12.5%) progressive disease (PD) in the 2 g/kg group. The median duration of response, median progression-free survival, and median overall survival had not been reached. Conclusions: QLS32015 showed tolerable safety profile and encouraging response rate in patients with RRMM. Current dose escalation using BOIN design was ongoing. DLT, MTD, and RP2D were to be determined. Updated safety and efficacy results will be presented.

Plant microbial involvement in phosphorus (P) release and transformation during resuspension events in bottom aquatic systems remains poorly understood. Laboratory experiments were used in this study to explore the release and transformation of P from sediments and the microbiota involved. Dissolved and labile P were obtained by high-resolution dialysis and the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, respectively. The bacterial community was investigated using a scanning electron microscope and 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing technique. Finally, the diffusion fluxes dynamics of phosphorus were calculated using the DGT-induced fluxes in sediments and soils (DIFS) model. These results showed that sustained disturbance can balance dissolved P concentrations in the resuspension layer (overlying water) and enhance the stability of P transformation and release processes. Notably, the bacterial community within the deeper sediment layer (Below 10 mm sediment depth) significantly influences P interception. Acidobacteria and Neobacteria were identified as the key bacterial genera responsible for phosphorus adsorption of plant roots at speeds of 150 rad/min (R150). In addition, as the sediment depths increased, a slower decrease in R curves fitted with the DIFS model, which indicated a continuous resupply process from solid phase to pore water, especially below R150. This study provides theoretical references for managing shallow lakes with frequent sediment resuspension.

Microbes may induce endogenous phosphorus (P) migration from lacustrine sediment. This study focused on the role of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) disturbance in affecting the sediment P release and further contributing to cyanobacterial recruitment in Meiliang Bay, Lake Taihu. Gluconic acid was the main mechanism of phosphate solubilizing by PSB. The dominant PSB (Burkholderia) isolated from eutrophic lake sediments was used as a representative to investigate the effects of disturbance on endogenous P release using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) and high-resolution dialysis (HR-Peeper). The results show that soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and iron (Fe (II)) concentrations could reach 0.51 mg L−1 and 33.56 mg L−1 in pore water, respectively. And the sediment DGT-P and DGT-Fe were relatively reduced by PSB. Subsequent the chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations reached peaks of 344.8 μg L−1 in overlying water. The abundance of the dominant PSB (Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia) were significantly associated with Chl a (P < 0.05) and algal effective state phosphorus (AAP) (P < 0.05), respectively. PSB mainly regulates AAP leaching to pore water and then diffusing across the sediment-water interface to the overlying water, producing the effect of cyanobacteria recruitment. The results provide new insights into early management of cyanobacterial resuscitation in a large eutrophic lake.

As the significant primary producers, submerged plants occupy key positions in aquatic ecosystem with sediments or overlying water, and play a non-negligible role in the immigration and transformation process of phosphorus (P) cycle. In this study, two submerged plants, Vallisneria natans ( V. natans) and Potamogeton malaianus ( P. malaianus), were planted using two different sediments of source and sink, respectively, and sediment-water-plant (S-W-P) system was constructed. The results showed that the source sediment was more favorable for the growth of submerged plants, and that the number of stems, amount of leaf growth, biomass, and diameter of root were greater than those of the sink sediments in the later periods of growth. The sediment state had a tendency from source to sink in the later period, with the soluble P (SRP) values of 0.11 mg/L and the sediment equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) of 0.09 mg/L in the surface sediment of O-W-V system, the risk of P release was subsequently reduced, P adsorption index (PSI) increased from 0.40 L/g to 0.81 L/g, P adsorption saturation index (DPS) increased from 15.12 % to 25.24 %. In S-W-P system, P release contribution (V1 and V2) of organic P (OP) were positive and it's the main release form of P, which may be related to the production of humic substances at the end of plants growth.

The driving effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on cadmium (Cd) release of the sediments by cyanobacterial decomposition were investigated, and the great shallow lakes (Taihu Lake, China) with the algae-type, grass-type, and grass-algal alternation areas were chosen as the study area. The results showed that DOC concentration in the overlying water and Cd content in sediments were the highest in the algae-type areas, amounting to 6.4 mg L-1 and 2.4 mg kg(-1), respectively, while the DOC contents in the surface sediments showed higher in the algae-type and grass-type areas. The sediments from the grass-type and algal-type areas showed the strong Cd source state, and only the sediments from Zhushan Bay had the sink state. Most of the sediments had the low Cd release risk, and the values of the degree of Cd saturation (DCdS) and Cd release risk index (CdRI) showed a significant correlation with the DOC content in the sediments (P < 0.05). The Cd release contribution originated from the surface sediments, and F1 (the extractable state of Cd form) was the main Cd release form (the maximum value of 51 % from grass-type areas). Due to the algal decomposition and the complex external environment, the contribution values of F2 (the reducible state of Cd form) and F1 was similar (40 %-47 %) in the process of Cd release from the surface and bottom sediments in grass-algae alternation areas, as well as in some algae-type areas. This study provides theoretical foundation for Cd release control at the ecosystems level.

Objective: We aimed to explore a new method to reverse early relapse in patients with AML1-ETO-positive acute myeloid cell transplantation.Methods: A chidamide-based 3-drug combination regimen was used in our center to treat patients with AML1-ETO-positive AML post transplantation but negative flow cytometry results. A retrospective analysis was performed of the survival rate and possible influencing factors of patients with relapse treated with this regimen in our center from January 2018 to January 2022.Results: The overall response rate was 95.8% (23/24), and the median number of treatment courses was 4 (range, 3-12 courses). The total molecular complete response (MCR) was 79.1% (19/24) after all treatments, and the molecular complete response was 37.5% (9/24) after one cycle of treatment but reached 58.3% (14/24) after four cycles; overall, the proportion of MCR increased gradually with the increase in treatment cycles. The projected 5-year overall survival rate was 73.9%. The projected 5-year leukemia-free survival rate was 64.8%, and the projected 1-year cumulative relapse rate was 35.5%. The incidence of grade II-IV graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) was 29.2% (7/24), and that of grade III-IV GVHD was 20.8% (5/24), which could be effectively controlled by glucocorticoid therapy combined with calcineurin inhibitors The total incidence of chronic GVHD was 29.2% (7/24), and all cases were localized chronic GVHD. The total infection rate was 33.3% (8/24), mainly involving bacterial and fungal infections, and the incidence of life-threatening infections was 4.17% (1/24). The treatment-related mortality rate was 0%; and the total mortality rate was 20.8% (5/24). Nausea and vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were common adverse reactions, all of which were Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 2-3 events and reversible after drug withdrawal. In terms of immunity, Th1 cell counts gradually increased, Th17 cell counts gradually decreased, and the Th1/Th17 ratio gradually increased after treatment. The CD8(+) T lymphocyte count increased gradually, while the CD4(+) T lymphocyte count did not change significantly.Conclusion: Our chidamide-based 3-drug combination regimen led to a high remission rate and tolerable adverse reactions in patients with AML1-ETO-positive post-transplant relapse, and most patients can achieve long-term survival with this regimen.

为了应对气候挑战,达成碳达峰远景目标,需要正确评估自然资源碳中和价值.湖泊作为具有独特生态、人文价值的地理单元,因碳循环强度高、碳排放总量大,是传统意义上的碳源.通过梳理近期相关研究成果,对比不同类型湖泊碳汇/源状况,湖泊生态系统以一系列碳汇特征表现出潜在的碳中和价值.强烈的光合作用可以使水体CO2欠饱和,但由呼吸-光合作用、碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用带来的水体碱度、CO2分压pCO2提高也有利于湖泊碳汇增益.CO2在水体中大量溶解,积极参与到湖泊碳循环,将pCO2高于40 Pa作为判断湖泊为碳源的依据可能忽视了水体碱度上升带来的碳汇.在湖泊沉积物中有机碳的累积受到生态系统光合-呼吸作用的影响,当异养微生物群落能及时分解沉入湖底的衰亡组织、有机质时,沉积物中有机碳不会大量累积,当呼吸对光合的相对滞后,有机碳才会大量累积.湖泊生态系统的生产力决定了固碳能力,是湖泊发挥碳汇效益的重要"碳库".由水生植物固定下的CO2总量不如浮游植物,但在过程中发挥了"压舱石"般的稳定作用.近年来的调查结果显示湖泊面临的碳排放压力正在扩大.森林砍伐、农田开垦、城镇发展等土地利用降低了陆上单元的固碳能力,外部碳源增加加剧了湖泊碳排放.面对气候变暖、水体富营养化,湖泊有机碳的矿化、生物分解正在加速,食物链固碳能力正在下降.为了发挥湖泊生态系统碳汇潜力,近期的实践成果显示未来有3个方面的内容需要坚持和改进.首先是重构水生植物,改善水体质量为湖泊碳汇效益"保驾护航".修复湖泊生态,提高生物多样性,延长食物链中的碳流动,增强碳在湖泊中的系留效果.其次是重视沉积物碳累积.溯源分类将为我们提供碳平衡全面调查的替代方案,通过与陆地碳的累积情况对比突出湖泊生态系统的碳汇贡献.最后是以采集湖泊CH4资源为目的的技术探索,将解决湖泊环境中低密度CH4与能源供应高密度需求的主要矛盾,开辟湖泊碳中和新局面.

Heavy metal pollution in rivers and lakes arising due to rapid economic development has been extensively studied by various countries due to its direct impact on ecological health and human well-being. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic reviews addressing the current research status of this subject. In this study, we conducted a visual metrological analysis of the literature from 2001 to 2021 using the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) citation databases. The results show that studies conducted in other countries initially outnumbered those in China; after 2010, China emerged as the foremost contributor. Furthermore, both the WoS and CNKI databases indicate active engagement of Chinese researchers through a significant proportion of published papers on metal research, with prominent contributions coming from institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and University CAS. Nevertheless, Chinese research institutions still have relatively low total paper citation numbers and have yet to establish themselves as key players in international scientific research efforts. Additionally, core authors from different countries share substantial similarities in their research directions and focuses. Consistent research hotspots regarding heavy metals in rivers and lakes were identified across both databases, including heavy metal pollution, adsorption, human activities, water quality, and sediment.

Understanding the assembly and turnover of microbial communities is crucial for gaining insights into the diversity and functioning of lake ecosystems, a fundamental and central issue in microbial ecology. The ecosystem of Taihu Lake has been significantly jeopardized due to urbanization and industrialization. In this study, we examined the diversity, assembly, and turnover of bacterial and fungal communities in Taihu Lake sediment. The results revealed strong bacterial stochasticity and fast fungal turnover in the sediment. Significant heterogeneity was observed among all sediment samples in terms of environmental factors, especially ORP, TOC, and TN, as well as microbial community composition and alpha diversity. For instance, the fungal richness index exhibited an approximate 3-fold variation. Among the environmental factors, TOC, TN, and pH had a more pronounced influence on the bacterial community composition compared to the fungal community composition. Interestingly, species replacement played a dominant role in microbial beta diversity, with fungi exhibiting a stronger pattern. In contrast, stochastic processes governed the community assembly of both bacteria and fungi, but were more pronounced for bacteria (R2 = 0.7 vs. 0.5). These findings deepen the understanding of microbial assembly and turnover in sediments under environmental stress and provide essential insights for maintaining the multifunctionality of lake ecosystems.

The Nanhu Lake with medium ecological risk of antimony (Sb) pollution is a shallow lake that features distinct redoxclines, marking the transition from anoxic to oxic conditions, either at specific depths or between oxygenated sediments and anoxic bottom waters. The factors and mechanisms affecting the fate of Sb deposition in redoxcline sediments associated with contaminated lakes are still being debated. To gain a better understanding, a series of batch experiments containing mesocosms that simulate anoxic-oxic transition in lake bottom and Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT-DET) that record (an)ions mobility in-situ are designed to study how the Sb species in collected sedimentary samples response to the change of redox condition. DGT-DET depth profiles showed that the sustainable efflux of Fe(II), As(V), and Sb(V) from the solid phase under anoxic conditions turn into unsustainable in oxic environment. The thermal parameters (e.g. absorption-desorption kinetics, k1, k-1) of Sb mobile in sediment have significant variations with the change of oxidation-reduction potential ORP, pH in sediment. Textural and material analysis on sedimentary solid-phase showed that phase transformation of Sb-bearing ferrihydrite regulates the fate of Sb in sediment. The ferrihydrite coordinated by antimonite are gradually crystallized into secondary minerals, including versiliaite and scorodite. The sulfur introduction in crystalline structure of versiliaite made coordination center Fe(II/III) into high-spin status, which brings out higher proportion in anoxic layer and less stability under disturbance than scorodite. The reductive decomposition of versiliaite confirmed inner-sphere electron transfer through oxygen bridges, which provide channels for electrons transferring from Sb(III) to Fe(III). These findings shed new light on the complex interactions between redox-sensitive elements and the sedimentary environment, and contribute to our understanding of the Sb geochemical behaviors in shallow lakes and developing long-term Sb remediation actions.