目的 研究铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo)的体外抗氧化活性及通过测量经络电压探索铁皮石斛的归经作用.方法 测定铁皮石斛汤剂的氧化还原电位值、pH值、总抗氧化能力.召集20名健康志愿者按随机数字表法分为2组,试验组(服用铁皮石斛汤剂,8g铁皮石斛粉冲泡于80 mL水中),对照组(饮用等量水),每组10名.服用药物前后进行人体经络电压的测量,选取12条经络上(肺经、肝经、脾经、肾经、胃经、心经、大肠经、胆经、心包经、三焦经、小肠经、膀胱经)的合穴和原穴作为经络电压的测量点,均以合穴为正极,原穴为负极,记录经络电压的变化.结果 通过pH的测定结果可以看出铁皮石斛呈现弱酸性.与蒸馏水比较,铁皮石斛氧化还原电位降低,抗氧化能力及总抗氧化能力升高(P＜0.01).在经络电压测定中,与对照组比较,试验组大肠经、胆经、心包经、三焦经、小肠经和膀胱经的电压升高,肺经、肝经、脾经、肾经、胃经和心经的电压则无显著变化.结论 铁皮石斛对可以显著增加大肠经、胆经、心包经、三焦经、小肠经和膀胱经所属的六腑经络的电压,对肺经、肝经、脾经、肾经、胃经和心经所属的五脏经络的电压则无显著作用.经络电压的变化规律与铁皮石斛的抗氧化性具有一定的关联.

超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)是生物体内产生的一种主要抗氧化酶,能够针对性清除呼吸代谢产生的超氧阴离子自由基.牛奶中自身含有SOD,SOD也被作为食品添加剂加入乳制品中,用于提高产品的抗氧化性,具有保健的作用.为了研究SOD强化奶片的抗氧化性,以及从对人体经络电压作用的角度研究其功能,对奶片(1.00 g奶粉)和SOD强化奶片(0.99 g奶粉+0.01 g 2.53×106 U/g SOD酶)分别进行氧化-还原电位(ORP)、DPPH自由基清除能力、SOD活力检测.召集20名健康志愿者,随机分为两组进行双盲试验,奶片组合服1片奶片,SOD强化奶片组则含服1片SOD强化奶片.实时记录志愿者左侧12条经络,并且在监测的第25 min开始含服,含服前、后一共记录85 min.实验结果显示,与奶片相比,SOD强化奶片的SOD活性和还原性(ORP值降低)显著增加,在质量浓度为1.250 mg/mL与1.562 mg/mL时,可增加对DPPH自由基的清除率,在3.125 mg/mL时则降低对DPPH自由基的清除率.经络电压监测结果显示:针对肺经和胆经经络电压,奶片没有影响,而SOD强化奶片有影响;针对大肠经、脾经、小肠经、膀胱经、三焦经和肝经经络电压,奶片有影响,SOD强化奶片的影响更强;针对胃经、心经、肾经和心包经经络电压,奶片和SOD强化奶片都有一定的影响,且作用相似.

桦褐孔菌,常称为白桦茸,又叫作西伯利亚灵芝,是一种具有良好的抗氧化功效的保健食品.为了研究桦褐孔菌的抗氧化性和归经作用,测定桦褐孔菌水提粉的SOD活力、总抗氧化力和氧化还原电位值.召集30名志愿者并分为两组,分别服用桦褐孔菌水提粉制备的菌汤和添加SOD蛋白的菌汤,志愿者每日服用100 mL,连续服用24 d,记录左、右两侧的24条经络电压的变化.试验结果表明:桦褐孔菌水提粉有很强的抗氧化性,当志愿者服用桦褐孔菌粉和SOD桦褐孔菌粉24 d后,能够显著提高心经、心包经和肺经电压,而且添加SOD蛋白的桦褐孔菌粉能够显著提高脾经、膀胱经、肝经的电压.以上结果与已报道的桦褐孔菌的功效描述基本吻合.

自由基是带有不配对电子的基团,有研究表明体内自由基水平的改变会导致体内生物电发生变化,并能在体表电生理信号(经络穴位电压值)中得以体现.本研究选取正山小种红茶茶汤作为研究对象,测定正山小种茶汤氧化还原电位值、ORAC值,并与茶汤含量相同的茶多酚和茶多糖标准溶液相关数据作比较.跟踪记录30名志愿者饮用4种受试溶液前、后90 min内的体表电生理信号.结果显示:受试者饮用茶汤及茶多酚、茶多糖溶液,体表电生理信号均出现明显变化,且饮用这3种样品造成的体表电生理信号的变化规律存在显著差异,表明这3种受试溶液在体内的抗氧化强度、归经及机制上都存在显著差异.体表电生理信号测定有望成为一个快速、直接反映食物-人体相互作用的新方法,并为食物有效成分的研究提供新的手段.

研究蛹虫草的抗氧化性、热稳定性和归经作用,测定蛹虫草的SOD活力和总抗氧化力.将20名志愿者分为两组,分别每日服用蛹虫草片(1 g)和SOD蛹虫草片(蛹虫草片1 g、SOD片1 g),连续服用14 d,记录左右两侧的肾经、肺经、脾经和肝经经络电压的变化.结果表明:蛹虫草的SOD活力和抗氧化能力很强,且耐高温,性质稳定.受试者服用蛹虫草片和SOD蛹虫草片主要表现在对肾经的影响,减少肾经的氧化应激水平,研究结果与已报道的蛹虫草的功效基本吻合.

Objectives:To investigate the effect on essential hypertension of the topical application of TAT-Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase （TAT-SOD） at left acupoint Zusanli （ST 36）,and to observe whether the change of electrical potential difference （EPD） can be related to the change of blood pressure.Methods:Sixteen patients with essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were included in the study.EPD between the left acupoints of Yanglingquan （GB 34） and Qiuxu （GB 40） was firstly screened out for the EPD detection.An intracellular superoxide quenching enzyme,TAT-SOD,was topically applied to the acupoint ST 36 within an area of 1 cm~2 once a day,and the influence on EPD was investigated.The dosage applied to TAT-SOD group （n=8） was 0.2 m L of 3000 U/m L TAT-SOD cream prepared by adding purified TAT-SOD to a vehicle cream,while placebo group （n=8） used the vehicle cream instead.The left acupoints of Yanglingquan （GB 34）and Qiuxu （GB 40） were selected for EPD measurement after comparing EPD readings between 5 acupoints on each of all 12 meridians.Results:EPDs between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 for 16 patients of essential hypertension and 16 healthy subjects were 44.9±6.4 and 5.6±0.9 m V,respectively.Daily application of TAT-SOD for 15 days at ST 36 of essential hypertension patients significantly decreased systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） of 179.6 and 81.5 mm Hg to 153.1 and 74.1 mm Hg,respectively.Responding to the change in blood pressure,EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB40 also declined from 44.4 to 22.8 m V with the same trend.No change was observed with SBP,DBP and EPD between the left acupoints of GB 34 and GB 40 with the daily application of the placebo cream.Conclusion:Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at ST 36 proved to be effective in decreasing SBP and DBP.The results reconfirm the involvement of superoxide anions and its transportation along the meridians,and demonstrate that EPD between acupoints may be an indicator to reflect its functioning status.Moreover,preliminary results suggest a close correlation between EPD and blood pressure readings,implying a possibility of using EPD as a sensitive parameter for blood pressure and to monitor the effect of antihypertensive treatment.

Of all the aerobic respiration by-products, cytotoxic superoxide derived from mitochondrial-leaked electrons, is the only one known to be disposed of intracellularly. Is this fate the only destiny for mitochondrial-leaked electrons? When Cynomolgus monkeys were injected intravenously with reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicators, the connective tissues of dura mater, facial fascia, pericardium, linea alba, dorsa fascia and other body parts, emitted specific and intense fluorescent signals. Moreover, the fluorescent signals along the linea alba of SD rats, did not result from the local presence of ROS but from the interaction of ROS indicators with electrons flowing through this tissue. Furthermore, the electrons travelling along the linea alba of mice were revealed to originate from mitochondria. These data suggest that mitochondrial-leaked electrons may be transported extracellularly to a hitherto undescribed system of connective tissues, which is pervasively networked, electrically conductive and metabolically related.

人体穴位间电位实时监测方法已被证实可以对抗氧化干预等刺激发生迅速响应.采用穴位间电位实时监测方法,跟踪红茶(金骏眉)、乌龙茶(武夷水仙)和绿茶(高山绿茶)3种茶汤的摄入对人体手少阴心经、足厥阴肝经、足太阴脾经、手太阴肺经、足少阴肾经、手太阳小肠经、足少阳胆经和足阳明胃经8条经络的体表电位的影响,以评估穴位间电位实时监测方法对人体摄入抗氧化食品(茶汤)的响应;同时还测定了3种茶汤的体外抗氧化活力和粒径分布,并将其与茶汤的人体经络体表电位变化进行对比分析.结果显示,3种茶汤对手太阳小肠经的体表电位影响最为显著;3种茶汤均可产生生理效应,出现打嗝、肠道蠕动等生理变化,其中以红茶的生理效应最明显,作用时间最长;3种茶中,以红茶引起的经络体表电位影响最大,其可能与茶汤颗粒最小有关系.作者推测,茶汤的抗氧化纳米颗粒通过清除肠壁疏松结缔组织层的氧自由基,引起肠道平滑肌缩收,产生打嗝等生理反应,并可能借助胆管的桥连进一步解除肝脏的氧化应激;同时因人体生物电网络系统的存在,肝肠间氧化应激的传递可能引发与各脏器相连经线上的电位变化.

Reactive oxygen species are products of cellular metabolism and assigned important roles in biomedical science as deleterious factors in pathologies. In fact, some studies have shown that the therapeutic benefits of taking antioxidants were limited and the potential for therapeutic intervention remains unclear. New evidences showed that ROS have some ability of intercellular transportation. For treating allergic rhinitis, as a novel intracellular superoxide quencher, TAT-SOD applied to acupoints LI 20 instead of directly to nasal cavity can be used to test that. TTA group apply TAT-SOD cream prepared by adding purified TAT-SOD to the vehicle cream to acupoints LI 20, while placebo group used the vehicle cream instead. TTN group applied the same TAT-SOD cream directly to nasal cavity three times daily. Symptom scores were recorded at baseline and days 8 and 15. For the overall efficacy rate, TTA group was 81.0%, while placebo group was 5.9% and TTN was 0%. Malondialdehyde levels decreased observably in TTA group, and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels remained basically unaffected. Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at acupoints LI 20 proved to be effective in treating allergic rhinitis, while no improvement was observed with the placebo group and TTN group.

Previous studies suggest that superoxide anions are possibly traveling along acupuncture meridians. The electrical potential difference (EPD) between acupoints may be related to the movement. To test the above hypothesis, we conducted a study investigating the effects of acupoint antioxidant interventions on the meridian EPD. Firstly, ST39 (L) and ST44 (L) were screened out for the EPD detection along the stomach meridian, and ST36 (L) was selected for interventions including acumassage with the control cream, as well as the TAT-SOD cream for 30 minutes, or injection with reduced glutathione sodium. The EPD between ST39 and ST44 was recorded for 80 minutes and measured again 48 h later. While the EPD increased during the acumassage, the acumassage with TAT-SOD cream and the glutathione injection generated waves of EPD increased, indicating the migration or removal from the visceral organ of a greater quantity of superoxide. Remarkably lower EPD readings 48 h later with both antioxidant acupoint interventions than the mere acumassage imply a more complete superoxide flushing out due to the restored superoxide pathway at the acupoint after interventions. The results confirm superoxide transportation along the meridians and demonstrate a possibility of acupoint EPD measurement as a tool to monitor changes in the meridians and acupoints.

为探索纯种多菌混合发酵技术制备清爽型干红曲黄酒的可行性,以高产糖化酶的丝状真菌和酿酒酵母为主,其他菌株为辅的组合方法,对2株红曲霉(A5、B6)、2株米根霉(M1、M2)和1株酿酒酵母(NY02)进行组合混菌发酵,测定各组合混菌发酵酒样的主要理化成分,运用感官加权评分法评定酒样的感官特性,并在此基础上固定丝状真菌,考察不同的酿酒酵母Y2、Y5和NY02的发酵或组合发酵对酒样的主要理化成分和感官特性的影响.结果显示:较优混菌组合为“A5+B6+M2+NY02”与“A5+B6+M2+Y2”.这两个组合分别使用的酿酒酵母Y2和酿酒酵母NY02的发酵特性相近.对于组合“A5+B6+M2+NY02”,红曲霉B6为酒样中红色素和黄色素产量的主要贡献菌株,可显著提高酒样的整体风味;米根霉M2有助于红曲霉B6产生色素;红曲霉A5的添加也有助于提高酒样的整体风味.组合“A5+B6+M2+NY02”与“A5+B6+M2+Y2”,二者发酵所得酒样均清亮透明,呈红琥珀色,具有红曲黄酒特征风味及较爽适的口感,满足清爽型干红曲黄酒的各项指标.纯种多菌混合发酵技术制备清爽型干红曲黄酒具有可行性,可实现红曲黄酒质量的可控性.