New ways of rapeseed cake resource utilization were explored by pyrolysis. The results showed that the largest component types at 600°C, at 300°C pyrolysis produced mainly esters (accounting for 41.68% of the total), followed by ketone (30.73%); at 450°C (41.46%) mainly ketones and esters (40.63%) were produced and small amounts of alkane (1.35%) and alcohol (2.36%) began to appear in the substance; at 600°C (37.42%) ketones were mainly found and the ester content decreased to 14.36%, and a new category emerged: ethers and amine, but to a lesser content, below 5%; at 750°C,mainly esters (29.68%), as well as the content close to ketone (16.04%), aldehyde (16.68%), olefin (15.67%), and hydroxyl acids (12.73%) were found, while ethers and composition of amine disappeared. 48 and 45 compounds were identified from 450 and 600°C Pyrolyzates of extraction residues, respectively. The types of pyrolyzate at 450°C are up to 15, and the highest content is ketone (20.90%), followed by heterocyclic (20.33%). At 600°C, 14 types of pyrolyzate were found, the highest content is heterocyclic (29.22%), followed by ketone (21.33%), and hydrocarbons (20.75%). Component analysis showed many new substances in the pyrolyzates of rapeseed extract and extraction residue.

Some natural ingredients,extracted from animals,plants and microorganisms,have diversity in structure and bio-activity,and play an important role in developing new medicine and medicine lead compounds.Newly-emerging separation technologies will change the unfavorable situation where traditional ones are of low efficiency and high cost.In order to provide some references for development and application of active constituents from natural products,the research progress of extraction and separation technologies of active constituents from natural products at home and abroad were reviewed,the existing issues in extraction and separation of active constituents from natural products were discussed,and the prospect of utilizing active constituents from natural products was looked forward.

桐酸合成酶基因FADX是油桐(Vernicia fordii)桐酸合成的关键基因,专一地表达于油桐正在发育的种子中.为研究其在油桐种子发育过程中的表达特点,筛选出甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶基因GAPDH为内参基因,并以此检测FADX在油桐种仁中的表达.结果表明FADX在油桐果实发育早期处于低表达状态,至果实发育中期开始大量表达,这与油桐桐酸含量在果实发育过程中的变化规律是一致的,从一个方面证明FADX与油桐的油脂合成紧密相关,有助于油桐油脂合成与调控的研究.

The fatty acid compositions of Jatropha oil and Vernicia oil are strikingly different, which leads to a great difference in combustion performance, low temperature performance and oxidation stability. A comparative transcriptomic study was made in Vernicia and Jatropha, with a focus on the gene regulation of differential oil accumulation process. Transcriptome sequencing was conducted with seeds at the initial-and fast-stage of oil accumulation from both. More than 24 billion bases of cDNA sequence were obtained, with 49,583 and 45,414 high-quality unigenes identified for Vernicia and Jatropha seeds, respectively. Multiple comparative transcriptome approaches revealed a number of species-specific fatty acid desaturases (FAD2, FADX, FAH12 etc.) contributing to their differentiated fatty acid compositions in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha. Meanwhile, the results suggested that DGAT majorly regulates TAG synthesis than PDAT in Vernicia seed, and PDAT may have more important role regulating TAG synthesis in Jatropha seed than in Vernicia seed. It was also implied that specific oleosins involving in oil bodies may have member bias and may affect lipid contents in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha, as some of which were 30-50 fold up-regulated (with their RPKM values over 10,000 at fast-stage). Some important factors were identified and can differentially regulate lipid pathways in seeds of Vernicia and Jatropha. (C) 2016 Friends Science Publishers

《基于制度视角下的湖南在校大学生政治参与问题研究》是湖南在校大学生政治参与问题研究方面最重要的一部著作.本文的主要目的在于介绍作者写书的缘起以及研究的主要内容,主要创新之处及其在大学生政治参与学术研究中的作用和对现实的指导意义.

为了解LEC1 (Leafy Cotyledon1)基因对油桐油脂合成过程的调控机理,以油桐种仁转录组数据库中基因的部分cDNA序列为基础,采用RT-PCR技术从油桐种子中克隆LEC1基因的全长cDNA,并对其进行序列分析.油桐LEC1基因全长cDNA为1 152bp,编码区为729bp (142～870),编码243个氨基酸,5’端非编码区和3’端非编码区分别为141bp和263bp.该基因编码蛋白质的相对分子质量为27 025.4 Da,理论等电点为6.97;蛋白二级结构以不规则卷曲和α螺旋为主,是不具有跨膜结构的膜外蛋白.经对比发现,油桐LEC1具有典型的HAP3结构特点,在不保守的N端和C端中间有1个十分保守的结构域,与拟南芥、玉米、麻风树、黄连木等的LEC1氨基酸序列高度同源.

Camellia oleifera meal is the byproduct of producingCamellia oil from seeds, and contains many bioactive components. In order to provide a theoretical basis for high efficient utilization ofC. oleifera meal resources, after frozen, dried and water removal,C. oleifera meal was ifrstly extracted in ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method, and the extractives and extraction residues were vacuum concentrated and dried, and then were pyrolyzed at 600℃, and ifnally the compounds of the pyrolysates were analyzed by Py-GC/MS. The results showed that the pyrolysates of ethanol extractives fromC. oleifera meal contain heterocycles, ketones, esters, phenols, hydrocarbons, and aldehydes, while the pyrolysates of extraction residues contain heterocycles, ketones, acids, esters, ethers, phenols, sugars, amino acids, and nitrile. Some components of pyrolyzates of ethanol extractives and extraction residues fromC. oleifera meal could be used as materials of biomedicine, spicery and cosmetics.

通过同源克隆策略和RACE技术获得赤桉CCoAOMT亚家族2个成员的全长cDNA序列.CCMOMT1基因的全长cDNA序列为1 020 bp,其中可读框ORF长度为738 bp,5’-UTR为106 bp,3’-UTR为176 bp;CCoAOMT2基因的全长cDNA序列为1 047 bp,其中可读框ORF长度为741 bp,5’-UTR为125 bp,3’-UTR为158bp.CCMOMT1和CCoAOMT2基因都由5个外显子组成,主要的区别在于前者第1个内含子存在5’端可变剪接位点,形成2条不同长度的mRNA,一条的ORF长度为738 bp,而另一条比前者缺失了42 bp,但不影响其余氨基酸的读码框顺序.赤桉CCoAOMT1基因在茎段中可变剪接发生在5-9月间,是桉树一年中树高和直径增长最快的阶段,这个可变剪接可能与组织器官生长发育有关.蛋白质三维结构分析表明,CCoAOMT能形成正确的酶活性中心与底物结合位点.抑制CCoAOMT基因表达,降低桉树木质素对于减少制浆造纸工业污染具有重要意义.

In order to make full use of Vernicia fordii flower resources and to enrich landscape plants, selecting 53 V. fordii lines in State Genetic Resources Preservation Library of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture as research objects, ifve ornamental indexes were investigated in the forth year after afforestation. Ornamental values of different lines of V. fordii flowers were comprehensively evaluated by using the method of fuzzy mathematics. The results show that the four strains of‘CSUFT No.19’,‘CSUFT No.10’,‘CSUFT No.13’ and‘CSUFT No.16’ have higher ornamental values.

Several Eucalyptus cultivars has been introduced and cultivated for millions of hectares afforestation in subtropical China, whose woods were mainly used in papermaking industry and whose water essential oils were used mainly in aroma and medical industry. However, the potential biomedical components of organic essential oils were still uncovered. In order to reveal constituent characteristic and biomedical potentials of organic essential oils from leaves of four Eucalyptus cultivars (E. camaldulensis, E. tereticornis, E. citriodora and E. dunnii) in China, their components were efficiently extracted by improved solvents extracting condition, which were identified by optimal gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The functional analytical results suggested that these four Eucalyptus cultivars possess large numbers of common components, especially including Eucalyptol, 1-Eicosanol, (+)-Longifolene, (+)-Aromadendrene, Phytol and (-)-Alloaromadendrene, which are good materials for aroma and biomedical industry. The contents of common components of four Eucalyptus cultivars are as high as 68.97%, 81.81%, 60.64% and 64.29%, respectively. Moreover, each Eucalyptus organic essential oil also has specific components with potentials in aroma industry or biomedical industry.

重楼根茎部位含有重楼皂苷等成分,具有抗肿瘤、止血、抗菌、消炎、镇痛、镇静、抑制血管生成、免疫调节、抗氧化、保护肝脏与肾脏等功效,广泛应用于各类疾病的治疗.本文对重楼皂苷的药理活性和临床应用的研究成果进行归纳和总结,以期为重楼皂苷的科学研究与高效利用提供理论基础.

植物源杀虫剂是从具有杀虫特效的植物中提取的有效成分,植物源杀虫剂与传统杀虫剂相比具有广谱、高效、低毒、易降解、无残留且没有抗药性等优势,是未来杀虫剂发展的趋势.综述了植物源杀虫剂国内外研究进展,对植物源杀虫剂主要的作用机理、开发利用情况以及现阶段其存在的问题进行了详细论述,并对植物源杀虫剂的前景进行了展望.

油茶果壳提取物与球孢白僵菌复配杀虫剂及其制备方法，所述复配杀虫剂由以下质量百分比的原料混配制成：油茶果壳提取物25～55%；球孢白僵菌菌剂12～32%；表面活性剂8～25%；助剂8～25%；填料3～25%。 本发明还包括所述复配杀虫剂的制备方法。 本发明复配杀虫剂具有杀虫谱宽、活性高、效果稳定、环境影响小、杀虫效果快、药效保持时间长、抗药性强、使用方便等特点。 利用本发明，还可提高油茶的附加值，同时推动白僵菌的工业规模化发展。

In dicotyledons, the lignin polymer is constructed by the guaiacyl and syringyl units, and the ratio of this two units decide the wood characteristics and the pulping performance. The CCoAOMT and COMT gene of OMT gene family plays a key role in the lignin biosynthesis, with a function to determine the contents of lignin and the ratio of monolignol. In this study, three target cDNAs (COMT, CCoAOMT1, CCoAOMT2) of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a, and constructed plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 (λDE3). The expression condition was optimized. The analysis result showed that the optimal induction time after 0.4 mmol ITPG been added for COMT, CCoAOMT1 and CCoAOMT2 expression is 4 hours, 2 hours and 3 hours, respectively. The CCoAOMT1 and CCoAOMT2 recombinant protein can be puriifed by the osmotic shock-mediated method, and soluble COMT recombinant protein can be puriifed from the cytoplasm of E. coli..

桉树是桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)桉属(Eucalyptus)、杯果木属(Angophora)和伞房属(Corymbia)3个属的树种总称,约有945种.桉树具有生长迅速、轮伐期短、耐干旱、耐贫瘠、适应性广等优良特性,且用途广、经济效益高,因此,桉树现已被世界近百个国家与地区引种,遍布于地中海地区、东南亚、美洲和非洲,目前已经成为世界第二大类造林树种(陈少雄等,2008;欧阳乐军等,2008;祈述雄,2006).我国自1890年引种桉树以来,已有120多年的历史,种植面积不断增长,至2010年底,我国桉树人工林面积超过368万hm2(谢耀坚,2011).

实践教学是高校应用型人才培养中的重要内容,而水产养殖专业综合实习平台改革,即校内外实践平台综合创新体系构建将整合学校、企业及社会众多资源,为培养优秀创新性应用型人才奠定基础,湖南农业大学水产养殖专业在校内外实践平台综合创新体系的构建中,在其制度体系、课程体系、教学指导团队体系、基地体系、科研创新实践体系以及考核评价体系的构建等方面开展了一些有益探索,并取得一些初步的效果,学生的专业技能、创新意识得到加强；学习积极性提高；就业和创业观念不断更新,适应社会的能力加强,社会和企业对毕业学生的认可和满意度高；学生的综合素质提高得以初步显现.

Tung oil is a special biomass resource in China. Tung Oil has the characteristic to be transformed into serial derivatives for its active Conjugated double bond. Especially, tung oil anhydride-ester polyol (TOAEP) can be used as substitute of polyester polyol and/or polyether polyol in the synthesis and modification of polyurethane materials. Through esterification and transesterification, methyl-α-eleostearate-maleic anhydride adduct (MEMAA), a derivative of tung oil, was reacted with ethylene glycol and tung oil anhydride-ester polyol (TOAEP) was obtained. The optimal preparation condition are as follows: p-toluene sufonic acid is used as the catalyst, mole ratio of ethylene glycol to MEMAA is 4:1, reaction temperature is 120°C ~130°C, reaction duration is 8 h. Under the optimal preparation conditions, the yield of TOAEP is up to 88.8% and the hydroxyl value is up to 318.0 mg KOH/g. The structure of TOAEP was confirmed by Infrared spectroscopy (IR).

The chemical constituents in the roots of Vernicia montana were investigated.The compounds were separated with column chromatography and their chemical structures were identified by physicochemical and spectral methods respectively.Five compounds were isolated from the plant and identified as 12-O-palmityl-13-O-acetyl phorbol(1),maslinic acid(2),syringaresinol(3),palmitic acid(4),glycerol monopalmitate(5).Compound 1 ～ 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Antifreeze proteins(AFPs) are a family of proteins capable of protecting organisms from damage in freezing or sub-freezing conditions by controlling the growth of ice and inhibiting the recrystallization between ice granules,which are termed thermal hysteresis(TH) activity and recrystallization inhibition(RI) activity respectively.In comparison with the characteristic of high TH and low RI of fish AFPs and insect AFPs,antifreeze proteins of plants was low TH and high RI activity.In order to obtain antifreeze proteins with high TH and high RI activity,the complete cDNA of antifreeze protein genes(DcAFP and TmAFP) were cloned from Daucus carota and Tentbrio molitor.The two fusion antifreeze protein genes,Dc-TmAFP and Tm-DcAFP,were constructed series before and after by overlap extension PCR.The four genes were successfully transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium tumefaciens,and then the transgenic plants were coldtreated.The frost-resistance of the transgenic plants was studied and analyzed.The results from statistical analysis of mortality and blade etiolation rate indicated that the AFPs had different functions which improved the cold resistance in many different ways.Hyperactive thermal hysteresis protein(THP) like TmAFP was a great help to depress the freezing point.However,when plant suffered from freeze injury a little longer,hyperactive ice re-crystallization inhibition protein(IRIP) like DcAFP kept stabilization of the fluid in the apoplast.