Forests play a vital role in regulating terrestrial carbon dynamics, but they are increasingly affected by disturbances such as deforestation and forest fires. As the largest collective forest region in southern China, Fujian Province provides a representative case for examining disturbance-induced carbon loss. This study quantified forest carbon loss across Fujian from 2000 to 2023 using multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensing data, including forest disturbance detection, aboveground biomass (AGB) modeling, and spatial clustering analysis. The results show that deforestation was the primary driver of carbon loss, accounting for the vast majority of disturbance-related emissions, while forest fires contributed a much smaller share. Spatially, high carbon loss areas were concentrated in forest-rich inland regions such as Sanming and Nanping, where disturbances—particularly logging—were frequent and intense. Coastal regions, although generally exhibiting lower forest coverage and lower fire frequency, experienced unexpectedly high carbon losses from fires in some counties, suggesting a lack of preparedness for low-frequency but high-impact fire events. From a temporal perspective, both deforestation and fire-related carbon loss followed a rise-and-decline trend, with fire-induced carbon loss peaking during 2005–2010. This study highlights the spatial overlap between carbon sink hotspots and carbon loss hotspots, shaped by both ecological conditions and anthropogenic pressures. The findings provide practical insights for long-term forest carbon monitoring and spatially targeted forest disturbance management in subtropical regions.

Mangrove ecosystems in coastal wetland restoration areas are experiencing escalating nitrogen stress, yet the microbial metabolic mechanisms underlying soil carbon sequestration in Kandelia obovata systems under exogenous nitrogen input remain unclear. In this laboratory tidal simulation experiment, five nitrogen addition levels (N0-N4) were applied to two treatments, namely the planted group and the unplanted group. Results showed that total carbon (TC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were all higher under nitrogen addition than in the N0 control. TC showed a unimodal response to nitrogen addition, with the highest values observed at N2, while the planted group exhibited the greatest relative increase in TC over the unplanted group at N3 (53.49%). MBC and MBN contents initially increased and then decreased with elevated nitrogen addition, peaking at the N3 treatment. Compared with the N0 control, MBC and MBN contents under N3 increased by 31.83% and 206.24% in the planted group, and by 23.46% and 279.03% in the unplanted group, respectively. Microbial carbon source utilization was stronger in the planted group, where microorganisms preferred amino acid and lipid carbon sources. Microbial communities in the unplanted group fluctuated markedly under nitrogen input, whereas those in the planted group were more stable with higher evenness. In the planted group, nitrogen addition promoted carbon sequestration by enhancing microbial activity and biomass accumulation, while in the unplanted group, nitrogen input exerted complex effects and directly suppressed soil carbon sequestration. These findings suggest that the introduction of Kandelia obovata may enhance microbial biomass, stabilize microbial carbon-use strategies, and promote short-term soil carbon accumulation under moderate nitrogen addition in a laboratory tidal simulation system. Overall, the N3 treatment (20 g N m-2 a-1) serves as a key nitrogen threshold, and exceeding this addition level may weaken the beneficial effects on microbial biomass, metabolic activity, and the relative carbon accumulation advantage of the planting system.

Despite growing evidence of the widespread impacts of human activities on carnivores and their prey, it remains unclear how different types and intensities of human disturbance reshape predator–prey interactions. In this study, we conducted a systematic camera-trapping survey on a threatened carnivore, the small Indian civet (Viverricula indica). This species forages on prey with contrasting diel patterns, including nocturnal rats and diurnal species such as Pallas’s squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus) and Chinese bamboo partridge (Bambusicola thoracica) in the southern Wuyi Mountains of southeastern China. Based on data from an extensive sampling effort (60,901 trap days at 180 camera stations), we used kernel density estimation and Pianka’s index to examine whether and how different types and intensities of human activity (human presence, roads, and settlements), as well as diverse altitudes and different seasons, affect the spatiotemporal interactions between small Indian civets and their potential prey. We found that all studied species adjusted their activity patterns, either advancing or delaying their peaks, to achieve temporal segregation under varying types and intensities of human disturbance and different altitudes and seasons. At the temporal scale, interactions between small Indian civets and their potential prey supported the human shield hypothesis, suggesting that increased human disturbance provides diurnal prey with refuge from predation pressure. Conversely, at both spatial and spatiotemporal scales, higher levels of human disturbance increased the overlap between small Indian civets and their prey species. These findings highlight that human impacts on wildlife interactions are scale-dependent: temporal refuge for prey does not necessarily reduce spatial or spatiotemporal overlap, which may still increase encounter rates and predation risk. Because our sampling relied on ground-level cameras, our inferences are limited to terrestrial interactions; arboreal interactions remain unquantified and require combined ground–canopy sampling in future work. Effective conservation management thus requires considering these scale-dependent effects of human activities on wildlife interactions.

Evaluating the carbon storage of forests and identifying the factors that influence it are essential in working towards the “dual carbon” goal. This assessment will facilitate research on carbon neutrality and promote regional ecological protection and development. This study utilized the “One Map” data of forest resources (2020) and the first year (2017) of the establishment of the national park in Wuyi Mountain National Park (WMNP). The continuous biomass expansion factor method, in conjunction with the vegetation carbon content coefficient, was employed to estimate the forest carbon storage within the park’s forested areas. Subsequently, the distribution of forest carbon storage was analyzed using remote sensing estimation methods, and a comparison was made between the forest carbon storage of these two years. Finally, correlation analysis and path analysis were conducted to identify the primary factors influencing forest carbon storage. The study findings reveal that in 2020, the total carbon storage in forests reached 4.851 × 106 t C, with an average carbon density of 49.55 t C·hm−2. Furthermore, the study identified positive correlations between dominant tree species, age groups, and elevation with carbon storage, whereas slope length and aspect were found to have negative correlations. Dominant tree species were observed to have the greatest impact on forest carbon storage in both 2017 and 2020, followed by age groups. These findings offer valuable scientific insights for the implementation of forest carbon storage pilot projects in WMNP.

为探讨地役权管理对毛竹林群落结构和林下植物多样性的影响,以武夷山国家公园非地役权和地役权管理的毛竹林为研究对象,对毛竹林分结构和林下植物多样性进行全面调查.结果表明:非地役权和地役权管理毛竹林的总体密度差异显著(P＜0.05),其中1度竹密度差异不显著,而2度及以上活立竹差异显著(P＜0.05),表明二者之间密度的差异主要源于2度及以上活立竹数量的不同.地役权管理的毛竹林胸径略低于非地役权,但两者差异不显著(P＞0.05).排名前15的林下灌木中,在非地役权和地役权管理毛竹林中共同出现的有7种,其优势灌木分别为黄绒润楠和过路惊;而排名前15的林下草本植物中共同出现的有11种,其优势草本植物分别为淡竹叶和华里白.非地役权和地役权管理林下灌木和草本的多样性均无显著差异,这可能与地役权管理开展年限较短有关.

为了在区(县、市)级尺度上准确衡量福建省大气污染情况,构建大气污染评价APEI指数.基于高分辨率大气污染数据集和夜间灯光数据,分析2013-2018年福建省78个县市大气污染程度时空变化特征及其影响因素的时空异质性.结果表明:1)福建省中心偏北县市大气污染程度小,东部沿海县市大气污染严重.近6年福建省78.21％的县市大气污染程度减弱;2)全省东部沿海区域空气污染严重,主要表现在NO2和PM10这2种大气污染物,均超过全省平均水平;3)从大气污染物时序变化趋势看,PM2.5和PM10变化相似,自2014年起逐年下降,到2018年分别下降约23.15％和12.21％,SO2和NO2分别下降明显.O3呈U形变化,而CO则呈倒U形变化;4)全省6种大气污染物均呈现较明显的季节性波动特征;5)采用时空加权回归(STWR)模型分析夜间灯光对APEI影响的时空异质性,发现2014-2018年负向影响区域持续扩大;全省34个县市5年回归系数均为正值,表明在这些县市中人类活动易造成大气污染;6)采用APEI、空气质量指数(AQI)、空气质量综合指数(AQCI)分别评价福建省6年各县市综合大气污染程度优劣排序,比较3种方法排序差异最大的县市,发现APEI指数能较好地反映真实浓度大小关系,且能实现实时评价.

Phytolith-occluded Ccarbon (PhytOC) is an important carbon sink in wetland ecosystems and a mechanism for long-term carbon sequestration. In recent years, nitrogen pollution has become increasingly severe and poses a threat to the healthy development of coastal ecological environments and socio-economic development; therefore, studying the impact of nitrogen deposition on the sequestration potential of PhytOC in the soil of coastal wetlands is highly significant. In the present study, two indoor tidal simulation experiments were set up with and without the planting of vegetation. The sequestration capacity and factors that influence soil PhytOC in the Kandelia obovata soil system were compared and analyzed under five nitrogen concentrations. The analysis shows that with the introduction of Kandelia obovata, the occluded carbon content of the soil phytoliths was significantly increased by 31.45% compared with the non-plant group, and the PhytOC content of the soil increased by 7.94%. The exogenous nitrogen input reduced the PhytOC content of the soil, with a rate of decline exceeding 26%. The PhytOC of the soil phytoliths and the PhytOC content of the soil in the planting group increased with increasing nitrogen concentration, while that of the non-plant group decreased as the concentration of nitrogen increased. The non-plant group was more affected by the exogenous nitrogen concentration than the planting group, and the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were the main factors that influenced changes in the PhytOC. In conclusion, nitrogen input has a significant inhibitory effect on soil PhytOC sequestration potential in coastal wetlands. Planting Kandelia obovata helps to improve the stability of carbon in wetland soil.

空气负离子(negative air ion,NAI)浓度是衡量空气清洁度的重要指标之一,不同时间尺度下NAI浓度的分析结果可能存在差异.从多时间尺度(时、天、月、季、年)视角出发,通过 Mann-Kendall检验探究福州国家森林公园2017-2020年NAI浓度的变化趋势,采用小波分析探究NAI浓度变化周期性,应用灰色关联厘清多时间尺度下NAI浓度与温湿度的关系变化.结果表明,1)NAI浓度在春夏季变化不显著,秋冬季显著下降.2)NAI时平均浓度峰值和谷值分别在4:00和11:00,冬春季低且平稳,夏秋季较高且波动强.3)月尺度NAI浓度存在6、11、17、52个月的主周期,日尺度具有6、12、18、40 d的主周期,时尺度存在12、19、51 h的主周期,分钟尺度存在25、40 min主周期.4)NAI浓度与温度灰色相关性低于浓度与湿度灰色相关性,二者在时和日尺度上较低,在月和季尺度上较高.研究结果从多时间尺度揭示NAI浓度变动特征及其与温湿度关系,并给出高效康养出行时间建议,即在5、10月的6、12、18、24、30日的8:00、16:00进行游园较为适宜.

Forest harvesting is a forest carbon source. Accurate estimation of forest harvesting biomass is helpful for accurate measurement of forest carbon sinks. Aiming at the challenging problem of using single time-phase visible light UAV image to estimate the biomass of high-density forest harvesting， this paper studied a high-precision estimation method of forest harvesting biomass based on multi-temporal visible light UAV image before and after logging. A coniferous forest in fuzhou city of fujian province baisha forest cutting small class as the experimental zone， collect resolution better than 10 cm long before and after cutting， unmanned aerial vehicle （uav） visible light image， the local maximum dynamic window method is adopted to get high precision of cutting plants and single tree height information， and then based on the uav image after cutting， detection and extraction by the method of YOLOv5 cut pile diameter of information， The DBH information of the cut wood was estimated according to the DBH - pile diameter model， and the biomass of the cut wood was estimated by using the binary biomass formula of tree height and DBH， which was verified by the measured data. The precision of tree number and average tree obtained by dynamic window local maximum method is 96.35% and 99.01%， respectively. The overall accuracy of pile cutting target detection by YOLOv5 method is 77.05%， and the accuracy of average DBH estimated by pile cutting diameter is 90.14%. Finally， the accuracy of forest harvesting biomass is 83.08%. The results show that this new method has great application potential. Using multi-temporal UAV visible light remote sensing before and after harvesting can realize effective estimation of forest harvesting biomass， help to reduce the cost of manual investigation， and provide effective technical support for the government and relevant departments to accurately measure carbon sinks.

Kandelia candel is the most widely distributed tree species on the southeast coast of China and is also the main afforestation tree species along the coastal wetland. In recent years, inorganic nitrogen pollution has become increasingly severe, and investigating the effects of nitrogen input on methane emissions in Kandelia candel–soil systems has become significant from a global change perspective. However, the effect of nitrogen input on methane emissions in coastal wetland systems is still uncertain. The field tidal environment is complex and varied, and thus it is difficult to accurately control the amount of nitrogen in the system. Therefore, in order to accurately assess the effects of different concentrations of foreign nitrogen input on methane emission fluxes in a Kandelia candel–soil system, we use indoor tidal simulation experimental devices and design two simulation systems with and without plant planting to explore the difference of methane emission flux in this system under five nitrogen input concentrations: N0 (0 g N·m−2·a−1), N1 (5 g N·m−2·a−1), N2 (10 g N·m−2·a−1), N3 (20 g N·m−2·a−1), and N4 (30 g N·m−2·a−1). The results showed that: (1) The introduction of Kandelia candel promoted methane emissions in coastal wetland ecosystem. Under each nitrogen application concentration, the mean CH4 emission flux in the planting group was 42.98%, 65.59%, 40.87%, 58.93% and 39.23% higher than that in the non-planting group, respectively. (2) Nitrogen input significantly promoted methane emissions in both planted and non-planted environments, and the promoting effect showed as follows: N4 > N3 > N2 > N1 > N0. (3) After the introduction of Kandelia candel, the contribution of Kandelia candel and soil microorganisms to methane emissions was different under different concentrations of nitrogen addition. The contribution rate of Kandelia candel to CH4 emission flux of Kandelia candel–soil system ranged from 10.74% to 60.25%, with an average contribution rate of 37.30%. The changed soil microbes contributed 39.75% to 89.26% to the CH4 emission flux in the Kandelia candel–soil system, with an average contribution rate of 62.60%. Under N3 nitrogen application concentration, the emission flux of plant was the largest, which was significantly higher than that of the soil microbial pathway; at other concentrations, the methane emissions from the soil microbial pathway were greater than that of the plant pathway, and the contribution rate to the plant–soil system reached 60.25%. The results of this study provide an important basis for improving the estimation accuracy of carbon emissions in coastal waters and formulating policies for the restoration and protection of coastal wetlands.

林木生长的长周期决定了林业科学研究的长期性和延续性,因此,长期科研基地是林业科研成果科学性和完整性的根本保证和必要条件.福建省林业科学研究院是福建省内学科最齐全的林业科研机构,为福建生态省建设和林业高质量发展做出了重要贡献.但是,缺乏长期科研基地,始终是制约林业科研事业进一步向好超越发展的瓶颈.为了破解这一难题,以省林业局在全省建设一批林业长期科研基地为契机,省林科院提出协同共建、合作创新的"1+N"协同创新模式,即创新团队+长期科研基地,共同推动林业科研事业的超越发展.

森林是陆地生态系统中最重要的碳库.通过营造林等人工措施,使森林产生碳汇增量,经计量、监测、核证及核准,形成生态产品,按照一定的价格在碳交易市场上交易,实现其生态价值,在满足人民群众对生态环境质量需要的同时增加经济财富,回馈林业生产者,促进林业发展.2016年,福建林业碳汇交易市场正式启动,至2022年6月,全省累计完成林业碳汇交易378万t、5605万元,成交量和成交额均居全国首位,市场活跃度保持全国前列.此外,通过创新森林生态银行、林业碳票、林业碳汇基金及林业碳汇贷等多种模式,实现林业碳汇项目增值,增强绿色发展动力.但是,在实践过程中,也遇到一些问题和困难,涉及林业碳汇的界定范围、开发成本、合理价格、交易主体等等,影响了福建省林业碳汇的进一步发展.

为探明福建三种常绿阔叶林生态系统的养分循环状况及其主要影响因素,采用样地调查采样法,研究了福建武夷山自然保护区甜槠（Castanopsis eyrei）林、天宝岩自然保护区刨花润楠（Machilus pauhoi）林和虎伯寮自然保护区薄叶润楠（Machilus leptophylla）林的植物、凋落物和表层土壤（0—10 cm）碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）含量、化学计量特征及其与环境因子的相关性。结果表明:（1）比较3个样点同组分C、N和P含量,除了乔木层的N含量外,虎伯寮植物和凋落物层C、N和P含量均显著高于天宝岩和武夷山;武夷山表层土壤的C和N含量显著高于虎伯寮和天宝岩,P含量排序为天宝岩＞武夷山＞虎伯寮。（2）P是福建天然林植物生长的主要限制因子,土壤P的缺乏是影响福建常绿阔叶林养分循环的重要因素。（3）植物叶片与凋落物中的养分含量及化学计量比呈极显著正相关,与表层土壤呈极显著负相关,可见福建常绿阔叶林生态系统养分循环过程中,土壤养分消耗速率超过了凋落物的养分供给速率,导致生态系统养分循环缓慢。（4）气温和土壤C∶N是影响常绿阔叶林生态系统养分循环的关键环境因子。

"双碳"目标背景下,森林作为巨大的碳库和碳汇,赋予了林业在"双碳"目标中的重要作用.发展高碳汇林业将最大程度地发挥这一作用,凸显林业的地位.本文提出了高碳汇林业的概念,论述了实现路径:一是增汇路径,最大限度增加森林碳汇.包括优化树种结构、森林结构、林龄结构,进行生态系统修复、保护修复及营造红树林,维持和提高森林土壤有机碳等具体措施;二是减排路径,最大限度减少森林生态系统的二氧化碳排放.包括加强天然林和湿地生态系统保护、减少森林病虫害危害、预防森林火灾、减少人工林采伐量、禁止炼山整地、加强生物多样性保护等具体措施;三是强调顶层设计和制度创新,以及实现森林碳汇产品的商品化和市场化.

[目的]传统的森林生物多样性保育价值缺乏统一的评估标准,不便于结果比较.目前,物种保育价值模型主要通过林分丰富度核算森林当前保育价值,但未考虑土地利用类型对树种生长的潜在影响,不能体现森林的长期保育价值.近年来,逐步完善的生物多样性价值评价新理论中,尚未出现适用于森林生物多样性保育价值评估的方法.[方法]通过分析福建土地利用情况计算生境质量并划分等级,首次提出生境质量调整系数.利用生境质量和森林分布之间的地理对应关系,构建出基于生境质量的森林生物多样性保育价值模型(HQ-BPV模型),由此将土地利用的影响融入福建省森林生物多样性保育价值评估中.[结果](1)福建省生境质量分布整体呈现内北高南低、内陆高沿海低和自然保护区高非自然保护区低的态势.(2)福建主要植被类型的平均生境质量按大小排序为针阔混交林＞竹林＞阔叶混交林＞阔叶林＞灌丛＞针叶林＞经济林.(3)调整后栎类和栲类的物种单位面积保育价值最高,为3.58万元/hm2,调整后各优势树种(组)的物种保育总值中阔叶混交林价值最高,为658.42亿元,构建模型核算的福建省森林生物多样性保育价值为2056.39亿元.[结论]基于能够量化土地利用影响的生境质量指数,构建出HQ-BPV模型用于评价福建省森林生物多样性保育价值,为森林生物多样性的保育价值核算提供新思路,有利于森林资源监测和结构优化.

The mangrove plant Kandelia candel is a type of woody halophyte that grows in tropical and subtropical ocean intertidal zones and exhibits a high salt tolerance. In this study, 61,970 unigenes were obtained from the roots of 60-day-old K. candel seedlings treated with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl for 3 days with an N50 of 1510 bp. Moreover, 454, 311, and 2663 genes were differentially expressed under 200, 400, and 600 mM NaCl treatments, respectively. These differentially expressed genes were primarily involved in plant hormone signal transduction, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, stress response, and defense. The levels of 12 important differentially expressed genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR, showing that the changing trend was generally consistent with the results of the transcriptomic analysis. In addition, physiological parameters involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the reactive oxygen species scavenging process were significantly increased under salt stress treatment, and the trend was consistent with the results of transcription and qRT-PCR. This study indicated that K. candel roots could tolerate high salt stress by enhancing ethylene signal transduction, maintaining a stable energy supply, increasing antioxidant capacity. Specially, we found that accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, but not proline, might play an important role in salt tolerance in the roots of K. candel.

通过11年来对福建武夷山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站常绿阔叶林凋落物量进行监测所积累的资料的分析,研究了这一地带性植被演替过程中凋落物量动态变化格局及组成特征,并分析了米槠林和甜槠林群落凋落叶的变化规律及其与凋落物总量的联系.结果表明:武夷山中亚热带常绿阔叶林平均年凋落物量为3879.45 kg hm-2,年际波动显著;凋落物的季节变化规律是夏季>冬季>秋季>春季,变化曲线为双峰形,夏季和冬季为两个峰值季;树枝、树叶、花果、树皮、碎屑等5个组成部分以落叶占比最大,年平均落叶量占凋落物总量的72.15％.

Ecosystem service value (ESV) in 1997, 2005, 2013 and 2015 of Quanzhou Bay estuary wetland was evaluated dynamicly by market value, alternative value and opportunity cost methods, combined with classification of service indicators and deduplicate computing. The main driving forces for the changes of ESV and the pathway and intensity of their actions were identified using stepwise regression and path analysis methods. The results showed that the main ecosystem services of Quanzhou Bay estuary wetland were flood regulation, climate regulation, and food supply, which were directly driven by water supply, mariculture carrying capacity, and gross value of the regional production. Other drivers exerted indirect effect on the changes of main ESVs.

Kandelia candel is one of the mangrove species that are most resistant to environmental stress. As a typical nonsalt-secreting mangrove plant, K. candel is an ideal biological material to analyze the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in woody plants. In this study, changes in protein abundance and expression profile in K. candel roots under high-salinity stress of 600 mmol L-1 NaCl were analyzed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) assay. Moreover, the physiological parameters associated with metabolic pathways in which the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) are involved were determined. A total of 5577 proteins were identified by iTRAQ analysis of the K. candel root proteins, of which 227 were DAPs with a fold change ratio >1.2 or a fold change ratio <0.83 and a P-value <0.05. A total of 227 DAPs consisting of 110 up-regulated and 117 down-regulated proteins were identified. Our Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that the DAPs were primarily involved in biological processes including carbohydrate and energy metabolisms, stress response and defense, cell wall structure, and secondary metabolism. The results of the physiological parameters showed that their profile changes were consistent with those of the proteome analysis. The results of the proteome and physiological parameters showed that K. candel roots could resist high-salinity stress by maintaining a normal Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and tricarboxylic acid (EMP-TCA) pathway, increasing the activities of various antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant contents, stabilizing the cell wall structure, and accumulating secondary metabolites such as triterpenoids.