The preservation of paper cultural relics is critically challenged by acidification-induced degradation, which compromises both mechanical integrity and historical value. In this work, a facile and efficient strategy was proposed for the simultaneous deacidification and reinforcement of acidic paper using aminosilane-functionalized cellulose nanofibrils (ACNF). Pulp fibers were chemically modified with various aminosilane coupling agents and subsequently subjected to mechanical fibrillation to obtain ACNF. Among them, 3-aminopropyl (diethoxy) methylsilane (APMDS) in an acetone/water system yielded the highest alkali reserve of 0.34 mol/kg, attributed to its favorable reactivity as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The resulting APMDS-CNF exhibited a uniform fibril morphology, improved thermal stability, and excellent dispersibility in both aqueous and organic media. When applied to artificially aged acidic paper, APMDS-CNF significantly enhanced tensile strength, increased pH value, and retarded yellowing after dry-heat aging. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the strengthening mechanism originated from a substantial increase in hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between ACNF and cellulose fibers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of deacidification and reinforcement was validated on authentic paper cultural relics from four institutions in China without affecting the readability and appearance of the text. This work provides a promising method for the durable conservation of paper-based cultural relics.

The accumulation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in wastepaper papermaking systems disturbs wet-end chemistry, reduces process stability, and deteriorates paper properties. Current control strategies, such as chelation and direct mineral adsorption, suffer from limited environmental compatibility, limited Ca2+/Mg2+ regulation, and poor retention in papermaking fiber systems. Palygorskite (Pal), a rod-like clay mineral with abundant surface hydroxyl groups and accessible interfacial sites, is a promising material for Ca2+/Mg2+ adsorption and interfacial regulation; however, natural and conventionally modified Pal still exhibits limited active sites, insufficient ion-regulation capacity, and poor compatibility with fibers. In this study, Pal was acid-activated, heat-activated, and further functionalized with amphoteric starch (AS) to prepare an amphoteric-starch-functionalized palygorskite (AS-Pal) composite. The structure, surface properties, Ca2+/Mg2+ adsorption behavior, and performance in simulated wastepaper papermaking were systematically investigated. Activation enhanced the negative surface charge and site accessibility of Pal while preserving the main mineral framework. AS modification introduced oxygen-containing functional groups and formed a stable organic-inorganic composite interface. AS-Pal exhibited higher adsorption capacity and faster adsorption toward Ca2+/Mg2+ than acid-heat-activated Pal, with highest experimental adsorption capacities of 15.80 mg/g for Ca2+ and 10.70 mg/g for Mg2+, representing increases of similar to 167% and similar to 186% compared with unmodified Pal, respectively. In simulated papermaking, AS-Pal simultaneously improved Ca2+/Mg2+ regulation, retention, and paper strength, with the best performance at 3% addition. These results provide a green strategy for palygorskite functionalization and broaden its applications in adsorption and clay-based functional composites.

Pore structures and interface issues have long impeded significant improvements in the thermal conductivity of biphasic composites. This work introduced a calendering technique, adapted from the traditional papermaking industry, to address these challenges in hexagonal boron nitride/tempo-oxidized cellulose nano-fiber (h-BN/ TOCNF) composites. Calendering effectively reduced porosity, enhanced compactness, and improved the interface between the two phases. The results indicated that without calendering, the thermal conductivity of the composites increased with higher h-BN loading. At 50 wt% h-BN content, the through-plane thermal conductivity reached 0.82 W/m center dot K, which was 116% higher than that of a pure TOCNF film (0.38 W/mK). Contrary to expectations, higher calendering pressure did not yield better performance. The optimal balance was achieved with the composites containing 30 wt% h-BN processed at 2 MPa (h-BN30/TOCNF-2 composites), achieving a high thermal conductivity of 0.71 W/m center dot K coupled with the highest mechanical strength (40.21 MPa). This synergistic enhancement was attributed to the molecular slippage of TOCNF and preferential orientation of h-BN induced by appropriate calendering pressure, leading to tighter bonding and the formation of a "brick-mortar-brick" structure conductive to phonon transfer and mechanical reinforcement. This work demonstrates that calendering, a simple and scalable post-processing technique, can effectively engineer the microstructure of biphasic composites, leading to simultaneous enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties.

Microbial spoilage, physiological aging, and moisture loss are key factors limiting the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. Traditional plastic packaging accelerates decay due to its impermeability, while open storage hastens moisture loss. There is an urgent need for environmentally friendly packaging materials that can effectively extend shelf life. This study utilizes natural softwood pulp, which undergoes fibrillation, papermaking, surface modification, and calendering, to develop a biodegradable paper-based material with a beating degree of 70°SR. A TiO₂:Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) = 3:5 composite coating is applied to enhance its barrier, antibacterial, and mechanical properties. The optimized paper exhibits a water vapor permeability of 2.76 × 10-10 g/m·s·Pa, an oxygen permeability of 4.36 × 10-14 cm3·cm/cm2·s·Pa, and a porosity of 5.88%. The dry and wet tensile index, burst index, and tear index are 52.54 N·m/g, 12.81 N·m/g, 4.56 kPa·m2/g, and 13.57 mN·m2/g, respectively. The hydrophobic angle of the paper is 116.39°, indicating excellent water resistance. The addition of TiO₂ and chitosan imparts antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting microbial growth. Freshness preservation experiments indicate that the coated paper significantly extends shelf life, particularly outperforming polyethylene film packaging in strawberry preservation. This study offers a promising, eco-friendly alternative to conventional plastic packaging for fresh produce.

Cellulose-based paper has greatly contributed to the development and spread of human civilization. However, its single-use and massive consumption cause serious environmental problems and deforestation. Here, we report a sustainable re-printable paper made of chitin fibers, the second most abundant natural polymer, which can be reused and recycled multiple times. We elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the hydration-responsive microstructural behavior of the micro-nanostructured chitin paper. Based on the hydration and surface charge-induced morphological change, chitin paper can disintegrate the bonding between toner and substrate, allowing toner to be easily removed through ultrasonic cleaning. This in situ unprinting strategy enables the chitin paper to be reused over 10 times without damage, featuring obvious advantages than conventional single-use cellulose paper. Given its promising attributes, including excellent mechanical properties (67.9 mPa), wet strength (9.7 mPa), printability, recyclability, and biodegradability, chitin paper stands out as a promising alternative to traditional cellulose paper on the market.

The accumulation of high-valence metal ions such as Ca2+ in papermaking white water is the primary cause of the formation of organic sediments and viscous colloidal particles, as well as the reduction of production efficiency and white water reuse quality. In this study, an environmentally friendly water-soluble natural polymer bearing carboxyl anionic groups and quaternary ammonium cationic groups was synthesized from starch (CCS), with an anionic degree of substitution (DS) of 0.589 and a cationic DS of 0.044, for Ca2+ complexation. At a CCS concentration of 0.5 g/L, pH of 6.8, reaction time of 150 min, and temperature of 25 °C, the removal rate of Ca2+ reached over 90% within the concentration range of 0.1–0.4 mmol/L. When CCS was incorporated into the simulated wet-end system, at a Ca2+ concentration of 0.5 mmol/L and dissolved and colloidal substances concentration of 0.2 g/L, the addition of CCS reduced the turbidity of simulated white water from 289 to 131 NTU, achieving a 55% turbidity reduction. Furthermore, evaluation of the mechanical strength and physical properties of the paper suggested that CCS improved paper properties and transferred Ca2+ to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the application of CCS did not adversely affect fiber retention or the basic properties of paper. Derived from naturally renewable starch, CCS is expected to be biodegradable and has the potential to substantially lower the risk of secondary pollution. Overall, laboratory-scale findings suggest that CCS is a promising environmentally friendly dual-functional additive with significant application potential, warranting further evaluation under actual mill conditions.

ABSTRACT The persistent trade‐off between preserving the intrinsic thermal conductivity of fillers and minimizing interfacial thermal resistance remains a critical bottleneck in polymer‐based thermal interface materials (TIMs). Herein, we address this challenge through a “dual‐directional bridging” strategy using poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL), a rigid ladder‐type conjugated polymer, as an interfacial mediator. Unlike conventional modifiers, BBL features an extended superplane architecture that concurrently establishes maximized π – π interlocking with the hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) basal plane and weaves dense hydrogen‐bonding networks with the TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF) matrix. Combined spectroscopic analyses and solvent‐corrected DFT calculations support π ‐associated coupling between BBL and h‐BN together with hydrogen‐bonding interactions between BBL and TOCNF, increasing the calculated interfacial binding energy from 0.85 to 2.86 eV under an aqueous environment. Crucially, this creates a continuous “dual‐directional phonon bridge” that substantially mitigates interfacial thermal resistance and localized phonon scattering, all without disrupting the intrinsic h‐BN lattice. Consequently, the BBL@h‐BN/TOCNF film achieves in‐plane and through‐plane thermal conductivities of 8.78 and 1.18 W m −1 K −1 , outperforming standard commercial thermal silicone grease and demonstrating superior heat extraction in simulated high‐power CPU cooling. Overall, this work establishes a rational structural paradigm to unlock the macroscopic thermo‐mechanical potential of two‐dimensional (2D) composites for next‐generation electronics.

The development of multifunctional papermaking additives has long been a research focus. Attapulgite, a naturally abundant chain-layered magnesium-aluminosilicate clay mineral, is a promising non-metallic resource. When incorporated into pulp, its notable adsorption capacity, colloidal properties, and hydroxyl-rich structure may promote compatibility with plant fibers, thereby improving paper uniformity, smoothness, and flexibility. Furthermore, owing to its high specific surface area and strong surface adsorption effects, attapulgite can be easily surface-modified through simple treatments to enhance bonding between paper fibers and fillers, reduce retention aid usage, and even serve as a functional filler. However, current challenges include irregular mining practices for raw attapulgite ores, compositional complexity, insufficient analysis of its structural and physicochemical properties, and limited research on post-modification strategies, all of which hinder its high-value applications. To address these limitations, this study utilized raw attapulgite ore as a base material. After purification via a straightforward washing method, its surface was modified with polydopamine to serve as a carrier for silver nanoparticles, yielding a highly dispersed functional attapulgite-based filler for papermaking. The modified attapulgite filler demonstrated significant performance enhancements: after paper formation, the white water turbidity decreased from 81.8 NTU to 40.3 NTU. The paper tensile index was maintained with a slight improvement, increasing from 23.97 N center dot m center dot g-1 to 24.81 N center dot m center dot g-1 . No significant adverse effects were observed on the bulk, opacity, or whiteness. Moreover, it exhibited favorable antibacterial activity, with inhibition zone diameters of 11.80 mm and 12.14 mm against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. These results confirm that simple purification and modification strategies can endow attapulgite fillers with multifunctionality, providing a practical reference for future applications of attapulgite-based functional materials in the paper industry.

The rapid advancement of high-density flexible electronics poses significant challenges in electromagnetic interference (EMI) management, particularly since conventional reflection-dominant shielding materials inevitably cause secondary EMI pollution due to reflected waves. To overcome this limitation, we develop an absorption-dominant EMI shielding solution by creating a heteroarchitected ultrathin sponge-like film. The innovative material is fabricated via in-situ assembly of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets with commercial silver micro-flakes (AgMFs), followed by hydrazine-mediated nitrogen doping (denoted as MA-H film). The unique porous structure and extensive heterointerfaces within the MA-H film synergistically enhance spatial scattering and dielectric loss properties, enabling exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 79.10 dB and a high thickness-normalized specific shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of 19,144.8 dB center dot cm2/g at a minimal thickness of 86 mu m. Notably, the film demonstrates an absorption-dominant mechanism with a remarkable absorption coefficient (A) of 0.82, effectively mitigating secondary EMI contamination. Beyond its superior shielding performance, the MA-H film also exhibits multifunctional superiorities including mechanical flexibility, efficient electrothermal conversion, infrared thermal camouflage capability, real-time strain monitoring sensitivity, and inherent flame retardancy. This breakthrough not only provides a versatile platform for next-generation flexible electronics operating in complex electromagnetic environments but also lays the foundation for advancing the industrial applicability of two-dimensional MXene materials in EMI shielding composites.

The pervasive contamination of aquatic systems by micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) poses a critical environmental challenge, driving the demand for efficient and sustainable removal technologies. In this study, a biomass-based functional adsorbent was developed by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) onto bamboo fibers, yielding PEImodified bamboo cellulose paper (PEI@BP). The optimized adsorbent, denoted as 3PEI@BP, exhibited exceptional adsorption performance for negatively charged polystyrene microplastics (PS-COOH) with high removal efficiency of 99.9%. Molecular dynamics simulations coupled with independent gradient model analysis demonstrated that the adsorption mechanism was attributed to synergistic combinations of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals interactions. Moreover, 3PEI@BP displayed broad-spectrum performance, efficiently removing diverse MNPs, dyes, and tetracycline. Environmental safety was confirmed by enhanced wheat seed germination and growth using purified water. More importantly, a novel capture and upcycle strategy was implemented to address the challenge of spent adsorbent disposal. The spent 3PEI@BP absorbed with PS-COOH was converted into a robust composite through hot pressing, featuring remarkable mechanical properties and solvent resistance, which showcased its potential as a high-value structural material. Overall, this work provides a sustainable, closed-loop solution that integrates efficient capture of MNPs and value-added recycling of waste, thereby aligning microplastic remediation with circular economy principles.

The scalable development of sustainable, high-performance cellulose foams is often impeded by energy-intensive drying processes and the structural vulnerability of porous networks under ambient conditions. In this paper, we report an ambient-pressure drying strategy to fabricate polyaniline-bridged multifunctional bamboo fiber (BF)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite foam. By employing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibril (TOCNF) to uniformly disperse MWCNTs within the BF network, a hierarchical porous architecture with mechanical robustness and high electrical conductivity was constructed through ice-templating, Zn2+ crosslinking, and hydrogen bonding, effectively resisting capillary-force-induced collapse without the need for freeze-drying or solvent exchange. The optimized Zn2+ crosslinked polyaniline-bridged multi-walled carbon nanotubes/bamboo fiber/TOCNF composite foam (Zn-P3M4BC1) exhibited an exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 61.56 dB, with an absolute specific shielding efficiency (SSE/d) of 2 375.2 dB·cm2/g, surpassing most reported carbon-based and polyaniline (PANI)-based aerogels. Furthermore, the synergistic interplay between MWCNTs/PANI and phytic acid endowed composite foam with excellent flame retardancy (limiting oxygen index = 56.8%), low thermal conductivity (0.085 W/(m·K)), and reliable electrothermal and infrared camouflage performance. Overall, this work provides a scalable and energy-efficient route to multifunctional cellulose-based foams for electromagnetic protection, thermal insulation and adaptive infrared camouflage.

The growing discharge of oily wastewater creates an urgent need for efficient, sustainable absorbents capable of high-flux oil-water separation. This study presents a straightforward Pickering emulsion-templating strategy in which a single modifier, vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO), serves simultaneously as the sole emulsifier and the cross-linker for cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels, eliminating the need for any surfactant or additional cross-linking agent. Specifically, hydrolyzed VTMO condensed with surface hydroxyl groups of CNF to form covalent Si-O-C bonds, while the self-condensation of silanol groups created a cross-linked Si-O-Si network that locked the pore architecture. During freezing, ice crystals and oil droplets served as dual templates, resulting in aerogels with square micro-channels after freeze-drying. The siloxane network grafted onto the fiber surfaces imparted stable hydrophobicity, enabling the material to endure repeated compression and resist fluid scouring. The optimized aerogel, C1V2 (CNF to VTMO mass ratio of 1:2), possessed a low density of 16.2 mg·cm-3, a water contact angle of 142.1° that remained stable across a wide pH range, and absorption capacities for organic liquids ranging from 38.4 to 79.7 g·g-1. Driven solely by gravity without any external force, the aerogel delivered an oil flux as high as 54,660 L·m-2·h-1 for chloroform-water separation. After ten cycles of solvent-exchange regeneration, the flux still attained 50,674 L·m-2·h-1, a value far exceeding that of most bio-based aerogels reported to date. The aerogel was also integrated with a peristaltic pump for continuous operation. This work offers a simple and sustainable route to high-flux oil-water separation materials derived from renewable cellulose.

Wood has been one of the most widely used sustainable materials for millennia, but its limited mechanical properties and formability have restricted its application in diverse structural contexts. In this study, we elucidate the mechanisms governing the micromechanical behaviors of wood and the strengthening effects achieved through room-temperature hydroplasticization. This process transforms wood into ultra-strong, self-densified structures with customizable shapes, driven by system deformation and energy dissipation. These effects are governed by the interplay between polymer matrix elasticity and interfacial sliding response. Notably, the hydroplasticization method enables the attainment of a high flexural strength (483 MPa), surpassing that of mechanically compressed wood and traditional materials like steel and aluminum alloys. These findings introduce new possibilities for developing complex load-bearing structures that are previously unachievable with conventional wood.

Conventional plastic foams are usually produced by fossil-fuel-derived polymers, causing serious environmental pollution. Herein, a sustainable multifunctional biocarbon foam is developed through a multiscale pore engineering strategy, involving the physical cross-linking of biocarbon with cellulose and subsequent ambient drying. This eco-friendly foam exhibits superior electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (up to 80.3 dB), good thermal insulation (0.12 W m-1 K-1), and mechanical robustness. The foam's multiscale porous structure, which includes graphene-like carbon and nanopores for dielectric loss along with micro- to macro-pores for multiple internal reflections, achieves ultra-high electromagnetic absorption of approximate to 99.7% at 11.3 GHz, featuring an obvious advantage over traditional reflecting-dominated shielding materials such as metals. The biocarbon foam also offers a significantly lower environmental impact compared to petrochemical-based foams, with the potential for waste to be used as a biofertilizer to promote plant growth and carbon sequestration. This study presents a full lifecycle approach to multifunctional biocarbon foams, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional petrochemical-based foam materials.

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a critical environmental issue, given their pervasive distribution across the global biosphere and emerging risks to ecosystems and human well-being. Herein, cellulose nanofibrils-loaded filter paper (C/FP) composite was constructed by facile vacuum filtration technique to achieve MPs remediation from aqueous environment. The C/FP composite showcased filtration efficiency of >93 % for polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Mechanistic investigation revealed that this excellent capture performance was driven by multiscale interactions involving physical interception, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Molecular dynamics simulation further demonstrated that both van der Waals (vdW) and coulomb interactions between C/FP and PS facilitated the efficient capture of MPs. Meanwhile, the C/FP composite exhibited impressive reusability with stable filtration efficiency of 96 % after ten cycles. Moreover, higher filtration efficiency (99 %) was maintained even in real rivers and lakes, which exemplified good adaptability to various water bodies. Overall, this work establishes a cellulose-based filter framework for understanding colloidal interactions in microplastic remediation, showcasing promising applications in drinking water purification and microplastic separation from complex aquatic systems.

In this study, lignin-loaded cinnamaldehyde nanoparticles (Lig-CIN NPs) were successfully developed as high-efficiency nanoantibacterial materials through antisolvent precipitation loading of the natural antimicrobial agent cinnamaldehyde (CIN). The results demonstrate that Lig-CIN NPs achieved efficient encapsulation of CIN while significantly enhancing its thermal stability and storage stability. The synergistic antibacterial effect between lignin and CIN yielded sustained inhibition rates of 83% against E. coli and 90% against S. aureus, markedly surpassing the efficacy of individual components. Release kinetics and molecular simulation studies revealed that the sustained release behavior of CIN is primarily regulated by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding between the hydrophobic cavities of lignin and CIN molecules, elucidating the interaction mechanism at the molecular level. This research provides a novel strategy for designing efficient and sustainable phytogenic antibacterial delivery systems.

The structural uniformity of polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide (PANI/RGO) composite directly affects its electron and ion transport behavior. We employed lignin (Lig) as a molecular modulator to induce the uniform assembly of PANI on graphene via it-it stacking and hydrogen bonding, enabling the construction of efficient charge transport channels. The resulting composite was integrated onto carbon cloth (CC) via vacuum filtration, followed by thermal reduction to construct an integrated three-dimensional (3D) porous PANI/Lig/RGO hydrogel/CC (PLRH/CC) integrated electrode. Benefiting from the Lig-regulated uniform microstructure and efficient interfacial connectivity, the PLRH/CC electrode achieved a specific capacitance of 676 F center dot g- 1 at 1 A center dot g- 1 and retained 82.2 % at 50 A center dot g- 1, demonstrating excellent rate performance. Moreover, after 10,000 chargedischarge cycles, it retains 84.1 % of its initial capacitance, demonstrating excellent durability. The symmetric solid-state supercapacitor based on the PLRH/CC electrode achieved an areal capacitance of 2.86 F center dot cm- 2 and an energy density of 572.20 mu Wh center dot cm- 2 (6.02 mWh center dot cm-3) at 20 mg center dot cm- 2 mass loading, indicating excellent application potential. This Lig-regulated approach provides new insights into the design of PANI/RGO electrodes and paves the way for their scalable production in practical supercapacitor applications.

Enhancing the dispersibility and recoverability of powdered catalysts is essential for developing efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic systems. Herein, β-FeOOH nanoparticles were in-situ deposited on commercially available filter paper (FP) to construct paper-based composite material (β-FeOOH@FP). Results showed that the rod-like β-FeOOH nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the FP matrix without destroying the crystalline structure of cellulose. The resulting β-FeOOH synthesized at 3 h presented the highest photoelectrochemical response and exhibited better suppression of electron–hole recombination, allowing more photogenerated electrons to participate in the reaction. The β-FeOOH@FP catalyst achieved a 94.1

Effective removal of metal ions from water is crucial for reducing pollution during manufacturing processes. To address this issue, we have developed a block Fe3O4/wood-structural holocellulose hybrids (MW) for removing heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. By employing chemical pretreatment, solvent-induced self- impregnation, and in-situ deposition, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were attached into the cell's lumen while also embedded within the cell walls, achieving a loading capacity of 35.89 %. The MW exhibited notable magnetic responsiveness. Adsorption experiments were then conducted to evaluate the performance of MW in adsorbing Pb2+, and the adsorption mechanism was elucidated based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results demonstrated that MW exhibited high adsorption efficiency for Pb2+ (537.63 mg/g), This is primarily attributed to the porous structure of MW and the interactions among-COOH,-OH, and Fe-O-groups within the structure with Pb2+. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. After three consecutive reuse cycles, the adsorption capacity remaining at 77.62 % after three cycles. Furthermore, DFT calculations indicated that the composite of Fe3O4 and cellulose could enhance the adsorption energy between Pb2+ and MW. This indicates that MW offers high adsorption, recyclability, and magnetic control, making it a promising material for wastewater treatment.

TEMPO-CNF film modified by two-dimension transition metal MXene has certain antibacterial properties. However, the problem of long-lasting stability greatly restricts the feasibility of long-term use of the composite film. Here, we introduced polyaniline (PANI) as a modifying molecule, which was electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of the MXene nanosheets to prevent its self-stacking and delay its oxidation. The modified MXene could still maintain >85 % stability after 30 days of room temperature storage. The MXene-PANI nanocellulose (MXP/CNF) film was further prepared by combining electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding interactions. Thanks to the synergistic effects of the photothermal conversion and photodynamic of MXene and PANI themselves, as well as the high light-trapping properties of the heterostructures, the photothermal and photodynamic efficiencies of the MXP/CNF film were greatly improved. Under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared light at 1.5 W/cm2, the MXP/CNF film reached a temperature of 132.9 °C within 20 s. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species are generated to degrade 55 % of crystalline violet by modified MXene composite film under light irradiation. Compared to 15 % bacterial survival on cellulose film not modified with PANI, S. aureus and E. coli were completely killed on MXP/CNF film under light conditions. The prepared thin film materials exhibit low cytotoxicity, highlighting their potential applications in biomedicine and desalination.