На основе климатических палеореконструкций, полученных по результатам изучения донных осадков четырех озер Горного Алтая (Телецкое, Кучерлинское, Нижнее Мультинское и Среднее Мультинское), впервые построена обобщенная палеохронология годовых температур для территории Российского Алтая на непрерывной временной шкале за последние два тысячелетия. Полученная интегрированная температурная реконструкция отображает все известные для данного временного интервала климатические события: теплый Романский период (~ от 200 до 500 г. н. э.), холодный период Темного века (~ от 500 до 750 г. н. э.), Средневековая теплая климатическая аномалия (~ от 750 до 1300 г. н. э.) и последующий Малый ледниковый период (~ от 1300 до 1850 г. н. э.). Сопоставление обобщенной климатической хронологии с результатами температурных палеореконструкций по другим климатическим индикаторам для Российского Алтая, а также прилегающих к нему территорий Западной Сибири, Тывы и Западной Монголии показало полную синхронность в выделении указанных климатических событий и их временных границ. Данный факт позволяет считать, что построенная обобщенная температурная реконструкция отображает единый ход климатического развития в пределах значительной части Центрально-Азиатского региона за последние 2000 лет. Сравнительный анализ обобщенной климатической реконструкции с имеющимися количественными реконструкциями для различных регионов Северного полушария, а также с усредненной температурной хронологией для Северного полушария в целом также демонстрирует высокое сходство в проявлении и синхронности основных климатических событий, что свидетельствует о том, что климат Центральной Азии на протяжении последних двух тысячелетий менялся в полном соответствии с общим глобальным климатическим сценарием. A continuous history of annual air temperatures in the Russian Altai for the past 2000 years has been reconstructed for the first time by integrating climate archives stored in the bottom sediments of four lakes in Gorny Altai (Teletskoye, Kucherla, Lower Multa, and Middle Multa). The integrated chronology comprises all known climate events of the two millennia time span: Roman warm epoch (~200 to 500 AD), Dark Age cold epoch (~500 to 750 AD), medieval warming (~750 to 1300 AD), and Little Ice Age (~1300 to 1850 AD). The events distinguished in the integrated climate reconstruction agree perfectly in number and time with the events reconstructed from other climate proxies for the Altai and adjacent areas of West Siberia, Tyva, and West Mongolia. Therefore, the temperature patterns represent a common course of the 2000-year climate evolution over a large part of Central Asia. Similar synchronicity is observed with the available quantitative climate reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere and its different regions. It means that the climate change in Central Asia over the past two millennia has followed the general global scenario.

The history of coastal catastrophic floods was reconstructed for the first time using the geochemical proxy in shelf sediments. The reconstruction is based on the identification of sediment layers accumulated on the shelf during the intensive discharge of the river runoff suspended matter from the land which does not contain bromine. The set of isotopic (AMS 14 C, 210 Pb, 137 Cs), tephrastratigraphic, and paleomagnetic methods was used for the detailed chronology of sediments. The scanning of chemical composition of sediments with the step of 0.5–0.8 mm is performed using the synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence in the VEPP-3 storage of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. The history of catastrophic floods for the past 1800 years is reconstructed based on the typical variations in bromine concentration in one of the cores from the Amur Bay (the Sea of Japan). New methodological approaches to the flood signal extraction are proposed. The revealed inverse correlation between the frequency of floods caused by typhoons over the coast of the Sea of Japan and southern China agrees with the existing assumption on the change in their trajectories in different periods of global climate change.

В работе предложена концепция пользовательской станции для источника синхротронного излучения нового поколения, предназначенной для исследования состава и структуры обширного ряда материалов с высоким (до субмикронного) пространственным разрешением.

For the first time, the reconstruction of variations in the duration over several hundred years was conducted on the basis of models developed by comparing hydrometeorological observations and detailed scanning of the chemical composition of bottom sediments accumulated during the corresponding period. The gauge models for the reconstruction of air temperature and ice cover of the water area for three sites in the northern part of the Chukchi Sea have been developed. During the reconstruction, an insignificant increase in the duration of the ice-free period during the Little Ice Age was established, which does not coincide with the changes in the temperature regime that took place. It is concluded that the dynamics of the inflow of warm Pacific waters through the Bering Strait had the predominant influence on the ice regime of the Chukchi Sea.

The article presents the detailed analysis results considering bottom sediments from the Chukchi Sea. Two core samples, b16 and НС–8 were taken from the northern Herald Canyon 150 km northeast from NE Wrangel Island. Core b16 has been studied in more detail. According to the 210Pb measurements, the recent sedimentation rate amounts to 0.9 mm/y–1 at the sampling point. In the bottom layer of the core sample, the minimum concentrations of biogenic components (SiO2bio, Corg, Ntot, and Br) and the increased concentrations of cold-water diatom species Thalassiosira antarctica may result from low biological productivity during the Maunder Minimum. A correlation with recent global warming (11–22 years) is shown by the increased concentrations of SiO2bio, Corg, Ntot, and Br and the decreased values of magnetic susceptibility and X-ray density in the top layer (1–2 cm) of the same core sample. The results of our geochemical and diatom analysis support the available literature data and confirm that the Late Holocene sedimentation in the Chukchi Sea takes place in the zone wherein the water transits from the Pacific to the Arctic Ocean.

The sedimentary cores from the southern and northern parts of the Chukchi Sea illustrate the influence of climate and environmental conditions on the chemical composition of bottom sediments accumulated at present and in the recent 500 years. The low concentration of biogenic (Ca, Br, Sr) and some redox-sensitive (Fe, Mn, Zn) elements is typical of the recent sediments accumulated in the areas with permanent ice cover and of the sediments accumulated during cold periods (Little Ice Age and especially the Maunder Minimum). The possibility is revealed of identifying cyclic changes in environmental conditions including sea ice extent in the concrete Arctic areas. This may be used to detail the regional forecast of future changes.

Five paleoclimatic reconstructions for the extratropical Northern Hemisphere are decomposed into quasiperiodic variations using the spectral analysis methods. The existence of ∼1000-, ∼500-, ∼350-, and ∼200-year periodicities is established which define the climatic variability over the past four millennia. Based on the identified quasiperiodicities, the climate forecast for the Northern Hemisphere extratropical zone is obtained. The forecast demonstrates that the currently observed warm climate will generally be kept for 500 years. However, the strongly pronounced trend towards the gradual cooling is expected in the 22nd century.

Дана количественная характеристика цвета донных осадков Чукотского моря. Проанализированы корреляционные связи с содержанием гранулометрических фракций, химических элементов и биогенных компонентов. Учтено влияние диагенетического фактора. В вопросах литостратиграфии отмечена перспективность такого цветометрического показателя, как насыщенность S. Ключевые слова: Чукотское море, донные отложения, терригенное осадконакопление, диагенез, цветометрические, гранулометрические, минералогические и геохимические параметры, статистическая обработка.