As the electron transport layer of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the photoanode is an important component that affects photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). The commonly used material titanium dioxide (TiO2) is difficult to prepare as nanostructures with large specific surface area, which affects dye loading and electrolyte diffusion. Herein, TiO2 nanofibers and ZnO-TiO2 composite nanofibers with different molar ratios are synthesized by electrospinning technology. The above nanofibers are coated on photoanodes by the doctor blade method to assemble DSSCs. The influence of the composite ratio of ZnO-TiO2 composite nanofibers on the photoelectric performance of the assembled DSSCs is explored. The ZnO-TiO2 composite nanofibers with a molar ratio of 1 : 2 have large specific surface area and porosity and have the smallest charge transfer resistance at the photoanode-electrolyte interface. The PCE of the nanofiber-modified DSSCs reaches a maximum of 3.66%, which is 56% higher than that of the TiO2 nanofiber-modified DSSCs. The photovoltaic parameters such as open circuit voltage (VOC), current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) are 0.58 V, 10.36 mA/cm2, and 0.61, respectively. Proper compounding of zinc oxide (ZnO) can not only make the nanofibers absorb more dyes and enhance the light-harvesting ability but also improve the diffusion of the electrolyte and enhance the electron transport, thus successfully improving the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs.

研究织物电极对聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜性能的影响.以丝网印刷方式制备面电阻为3.5Ω·cm2的银浆丝网印刷涤纶织物,并选用相同面电阻的镀银涤纶织物和铜网织物,将3种织物作为电极同PVDF压电薄膜封装制成柔性压电传感器,测试了3种织物压电传感器的介电接触性能、灵敏度和耐久性.结果表明:在频率4 kHz以下,镀银织物和铜网织物电极介电阻抗较稳定,在频率为1×104 Hz左右时银浆丝网印刷织物电极相对介电常数波动明显,在高频条件下明显高于其他2种织物电极,镀银织物电极的介电性能接近铜网织物电极;3种电极都具有一定的压电灵敏度,银浆丝网印刷织物电极和铜网织物电极灵敏度略高;经过2000次按压后,镀银织物电极和铜网织物电极仍能持续输出锯齿方波信号,银浆丝网印刷织物电极出现明显的基线漂移现象.认为:铜网织物作为电极封装的柔性压电传感器总体性能较好,镀银织物的介电性能和耐久性较好,银浆丝网印刷织物的灵敏度较优.3种织物可作为制作传感器的电极材料,但存在的运动伪影等问题仍需进一步研究.

探讨化学、生物、放射和核防护服的研究进展.分别介绍了这4类防护服的防护性能要求,对当前相关防护材料进行了分析.对国内外相关防护服的研究现状进行了介绍.展望了4类防护服的研发趋势.认为:我国应加强对防护服装重点领域和关键技术的创新研究,建立并完善现有的标准体系,逐步带动应急防护领域新技术和新产品的研发,实现关键个体防护装备国产化,提升我国在灾害环境下的应急救援防护能力.

探讨溶液喷射纺纤维纱线的制备方法及其超级电容器的性能.以新型溶液喷射纺丝装置获得的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线为基底,通过原位聚合将吡咯接枝到聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线中,得到聚吡咯/聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线状电极材料.采用扫描电镜对纱线电极形貌结构进行表征,并对其电化学性能进行研究.结果表明:聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的取向度和均匀度良好,聚吡咯纳米颗粒均匀致密地包覆在聚丙烯腈纳米纤维的表面,电极材料的电化学性能优异,超级电容器(凝胶电解质为聚乙烯醇、磷酸、氯化锂)循环10000次时,电容保持率为84.3％.认为:基于溶液喷射纺装置制备的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维纱线是超级电容器的良好柔性基底,且在经过原位聚合聚吡咯后展现出较佳的电化学性能.

礼服是指在重大场合穿着的正式服装的统称,礼服的产生和演变与人们的生活方式息息相关,在这样的时代背景下,对礼服设计也提出了更高的要求,只有不断创新才能找到新的出路,为礼服设计注入新的内涵.TRIZ理论是基于知识的、面向人的、系统化的方法学,是一套通过发现问题、分析问题从而解决问题的创新理论.文中研究TRIZ理论中40条发明创造理论,并将其运用到礼服设计中,分析在进行礼服设计时可以应用到的TRIZ理论,提出适合礼服设计的创新方法,使礼服设计更加新颖、快捷,为设计者提供设计思路.

为了探究汉服版型在现代服装设计中应用的突破口,针对汉服版型设计尚未标准化的问题,运用文献研究法与实证研究法,结合人体工学和汉服的成衣特点,以汉服为研究对象,在原型法的基础上,通过对汉服款式结构变化的分析,探究适用于现代审美的汉服基型,形成一套独特的连身袖基型结构,在汉服设计中以连身袖基型来代替女装原型,使汉服纸样设计基型化、程式化、标准化,达到快速准确地进行传统及现代汉服设计的目的.进而运用CLO 3D软件对运用连身袖基型设计的服装进行合体性测试.得出,在连身袖基型的基础上可以进行多种连身袖服装的应用设计.

褶裥在服装造型设计中是一种至关重要的表现形式.褶裥又分为应用型褶裥和装饰性褶裥,前者令服装更加舒适合身,后者令服装更加造型多变,具有视觉冲击感.近代以来,礼服与褶裥这一元素的结合屡见不鲜,褶裥在礼服中设计中的应用,并非一种短暂的潮流,它一直都坚持着同样的风格特点,但又不会跟随时代、人的生活方式、人的生活习性、社会文化的改变而变化.本文对褶裥的种类、褶裥与礼服的融合以及褶裥在礼服造型设计中应用等进行描述.

本文综述了近年来电加热服装服饰内柔性加热元件的常用材料,包括基底材料和导电聚合物材料等;评述用于制备和表征柔性加热元件的常用方法,重点阐述了原位聚合、电化学聚合以及气相聚合等常用聚合方法;此外,还概述了柔性加热元件在智能加热服装服饰方面的应用探索,并对柔性加热元件的发展前景进行了展望.

近几年虚拟三维技术在服装行业发展迅速,受到许多服装企业家与技术研究人员的青睐.针对在3D服装虚拟技术在裙装制作方面的应用进行研究,结合面料、结构、款式、色彩的特点,利用CLO 3D服装软件快速设计服装板样,根据板样设计进行虚拟服装试衣,并与实际制作的成衣进行对比研究.结果 表明,软件设计结构制作能够达到成衣结构制作的要求,成果基本能达到一致,同时也大大缩短了成衣制作时间,为利用CLO 3D服装软件实现成衣的发展提供参考.

Yarn-shaped supercapacitors with great flexibility are highly anticipated for smart wearable devices. Herein, a device for continuously producing oriented nanofiber yarn based on solution blowing was invented, which was important for the nanofiber yarn electrode to realize mass production. Further, the yarn-shaped supercapacitor was assembled by the yarn electrode with the polypyrrole (PPy) grown on aligned carbon fiber bundles@Polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (CFs@PAN NFs). Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the yarn electrode can be improved by the carbon fiber bundles. The specific surface area of the yarn electrode can be enlarged by PPy. The yarn-shaped supercapacitors assembled by the PVA/LiCl/H3PO4 gel electrolyte showed high areal specific capacitance of 353 mF cm−2 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, and the energy density was 48 μWh cm−2 when the power density was 247 μW cm−2. The supercapacitors also exhibited terrific cycle stability (82% after 20,000 cycles). We also proved that this yarn-shaped supercapacitor could easily power up the light emitting diode. This yarn-shaped supercapacitor was meaningful for the development of the smart wearable devices, especially when combined with clothing or fabrics.

通过VBA编程工具开发织物组织设计系统,介绍了该系统中各种组织的设计思路和应用效果,说明平纹组织、联合组织以及复杂组织的算法和实现,并对系统的可操作性进行验证.该系统可用于科研教学和技术研发,在系统中输入织物组织参数即可得出相应的组织图或上机图,省去了设计人员手工绘图的工序,使上机图更具规范性、便捷性和高效性,对科研工作具有一定的应用价值.

目前,由于热致变色材料独特的功能性,对其的研究越来越多.该文综述了热致变色材料的分类、 变色机理以及介绍了热致变色材料在纺织服装上的应用和材料制备方法.基于对热致变色材料的不断研究,未来其应用范围还会进一步扩大.

文中介绍了儿童年龄段的划分及各年龄段儿童的体型特征和生理需求,并据此列举了一些童装设计的基本准则.

Sample sheet is playing an important role in fashion design. Although it’s ever changing, it still has its own regularity. In this issue’s column, we will discuss "design methods for one-piece dress sample sheet". Based on foundation of women’s dress, propose di erent design methods through summarizing many design cases. We are aimed at provide a platform to introduce a scienti c, simple and comprehensive design method and process. The topic will divided into 5 sections including one piece dress type, evening dress underwear type, slender coat type, loosen coat type and loose lap coat type.

Through analysis and research of a large number of female suits,basing on Japanese culture block and the basic characteristics of female outfit,by the method of changing the dart size and waist line position,a complete set of female outfit was designed,respectively,fit suit basic pattern,semi-fit suit basic pattern,loose suit basic pattern,flare basic pattern.Instead of the original prototype for women,a style multi type design ideas was put forward.This not only can satisfy the different shape women′s needs,but also can simplify the suit design steps,so that the set pattern design can be more convenient and more forthright and applicable.

As Kirgiz ethnic is one of the ancient multinational minorities of china, they have a rich and colorful culture, and the culture of their costume is especially unique. The culture of Kirkiz costume is related to the mythology, religion, history, language culture of human life. Except it has the common characteristics of nomads, the culture of Kirkiz costume also has its own folk customs.

The patternmaking of garments plays an important role in fashion designing, and the pattern design is ever-changing. On the basis of original basic pattern of women, this text presents a new method about designing basic pattern by summarizing a large number of garments designing instances, and this new method can be divided into dress pattern, nightwear pattern, thin pattern and flare pattern. The patternmaking of garment will be more scientific, simple and comprehensive by using new base-type patterns.

Aiming at the situation that trouser?s design and pattern making go to extremes,in this article,the development and renovation of women trousers design and production are put forward in high-tech field. The thesis is propitious to enterprise to find new development space and upgrade their own competition.

Clothing pattern design and industrial pattern play a very important role in clothing designing and producing.At present,there is not the connection of clothing pattern design between industrial pattern.In this paper,the combination of clothing pattern design and industrial pattern is studied.By means of an example,a method of new pattern design derived is developed.It has been validated in practice that industrial pattern design with this new scientific method is convenient,easy learning and applying.

After summarizing a lot of garment design examples, a method of new pattern derived from the basic pattern is developed, and it′s given a name as derived basic pattern. The derived basic pattern can be farther divided into the fit pattern, loose pattern and semi-fit pattern. Each kind of patterns has been discussed. It has been validated in practice that apparel design with this new scientific pattern is convenient, easy learning and applying.