BACKGROUND:Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, especially in East Asia. AIM:To explore the clinical outcomes and progression-related factors of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) in the gastric mucosa and provide valuable guidance for improving treatment efficacy. METHODS:A total of 357 patients diagnosed with LGIN based on initial pathological examination in Anhui Provincial Hospital or three other medical consortium units between January 2022 and June 2024 were included. Among them, 296 patients were followed up with endoscopic and biopsy pathology. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the relevant risk factors for LGIN progression in the gastric mucosa. RESULTS:The distribution sites of LGIN among the 357 patients were as follows: Gastric antrum (54.6%), gastric cardia (24.1%), gastric angulus (8.7%), gastric body (4.8%), gastric fundus (4.8%), and multiple sites (3.1%). Additionally, of the 357 patients with LGIN, 112 (31.4%) developed ulceration and 59 (16.5%) experienced gastric polyps. Furthermore, 231 of the 357 (64.71%) patients with LGIN tested positive for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The H. pylori infection rates of the patients with LGIN with accompanying atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric ulcer were 51.95%, 59.31%, and 28.57%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 60 years [odds ratio (OR) = 3.063, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.351-6.945, P = 0.007], H. pylori infection (OR = 3.560, 95%CI: 1.158-10.949, P = 0.027), multiple locations (OR = 10.136, 95%CI: 2.045-50.237, P = 0.005), lesion size ≥ 2 cm (OR = 3.921, 95%CI: 1.664-9.237, P = 0.002), and gastric ulcer (OR = 2.730, 95%CI: 1.197-6.223, P = 0.017) were predictive factors for LGIN progression. CONCLUSION:LGIN progression is closely related to age, H. pylori positivity, multiple locations, lesion size ≥ 2 cm, and gastric ulcer. Thus, actively identifying these risk factors in patients with LGIN may have certain clinical significance in preventing further tumor progression.

This letter addresses the recently published manuscript by Darnindro et al, which investigates the diversity and composition of colonic mucosal microbiota in Indonesian patients with and without colorectal cancer (CRC). Although the analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity between the CRC and non-CRC groups, the authors identified notable distinctions in the composition and diversity of colonic mucosal microbiota among patients with CRC compared to those without. At the genus level, a statistically significant difference in microbiota composition was documented between the two cohorts. Specifically, the genera Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Peptostreptococcus, and Parvimonas were found to be elevated in individuals with CRC, while Faecalibacterium, Haemophilus, and Phocaeicola were more prevalent in the non- CRC group.

BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with esophageal mucosal bridges often experience symptoms such as chest pain and dysphagia, which pose considerable challenges for endoscopic surgical interventions. CASE SUMMARY We present a case involving early-stage esophageal cancer discovered in a resting room, notable for the rare manifestation of esophageal mucosal bridging. Following a comprehensive multidisciplinary discussion and the development of a treatment strategy, we proceeded with endoscopic submucosal dissection for the patient. During the procedure, we encountered operational challenges due to the presence of a diverticulum and a partial absence of the muscularis propria. To facilitate the retraction of a portion of the resected specimen, we utilized dental floss. Ultimately, we successfully excised the entire lesion. After a three-day period of fasting with a water-only diet, subsequent iodine water cholangiography did not indicate any perforations, and the patient was advised to transition to a liquid diet. The patient was discharged five days post-operation. A follow-up endoscopy conducted three months later revealed scar-like changes in the mid-esophagus, with the patient reporting no significant discomfort. CONCLUSION In summary, although esophageal mucosal bridges are rarely documented, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mechanical dysphagia. Furthermore, endoscopic therapy represents a feasible approach for their management.

目的 非内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)切除结直肠息肉标本存在高级别上皮内瘤变(HGIN)和癌变可能,通过分析安徽省立医院非ESD切除结直肠已发生HGIN和癌变息肉的临床特征,为结直肠息肉选择最佳治疗方式提供临床证据.方法 回顾性分析2019 年 1 月 1 日至2022 年4 月30 日于该院本部及南区所有行内镜下非ESD切除结直肠息肉的住院患者,分析术后病理已发生HGIN和癌变息肉的危险因素及内镜下特征.结果 结直肠息肉非ESD 切除患者共计 9446 例,其中已发生HGIN159 例(1.68%,159/9446 例);发生癌变83 例(0.88%,83/9446 例),HGIN和癌变共计发生率2.6%(242/9446 例).小于45 岁HGIN和癌变合计占总体发生率 8.7%(21/242 例).切除息肉标本为HGIN和癌变无法确定其切除部位、息肉大小、息肉形态合计发生率分别 16.1%(40/248 枚)、19.8%(49/248 枚)、14.1%(35/248 枚).年龄(≥60 岁)、息肉部位(直肠、乙状结肠)、息肉大小(≥1 cm)是息肉癌变危险因素;亚蒂、长蒂息肉是结直肠息肉HGIN和癌变的危险因素(P＜0.05).按性别分层,息肉数目和大小与息肉发生HGIN和癌变存在差异.长蒂息肉完整切除性较低(P＜0.05).83 例息肉恶变患者中,16例患者追加外科手术,残留和淋巴结阳性合计5 例(31.3%,5/16 例).结论 非ESD切除结直肠息肉存在已发生HGIN和癌变,且无法判定息肉切除部位和完整性.老年、男性、直肠和乙状结肠息肉,且直径大于 1cm癌变风险机会增加.因而,完善术前评估,选择最佳的切除方式,可提高治愈性切除.

Trichobezoar is composed of hair and it is a rare gastrointestinal pathology that occur in female patients with pica. Trichobezoars that large enough would cause the intestinal obstruction. Methods of removal of trichobezoar are chosen based upon their size and location. The common removal method of huge trichobezoars is open surgical method assisted with laparoscopy. Removal of smaller trichobezoars with different endoscopy modifications have been reported. We herein, reported a case of a huge and tough gastric trichobezoar composed of hairs that was successfully retrieved after endoscopy fragmentation with a polypectomy snare and a Hook knife in a 14-year-old female patient. Gastric trichobezoar fragmented mass was removed completely in three passes. All the symptoms were relieved and patient is doing well. This endoscopic coagulation cutting method was effective, minimally invasive and time saving, which serve the patients better and have diverse applications in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Background Gastric microbiota may be involved in gastric cancer. The relationship between gastrointestinal microbes and the risk of gastric cancer is unclear. This study aimed to explore the gastric and intestinal bacteria associated with gastritis and gastric precancerous lesions. We conducted a case-control study by performing 16S rRNA gene analysis of gastric biopsies, juices, and stool samples from 148 cases with gastritis or gastric precancerous lesions from Anhui and neighboring provinces, China. And we validated our findings in public datasets. Results Analysis of microbial sequences revealed decreased bacterial alpha diversity in gastric bacteria during the progression of gastritis. Helicobacter pylori was the main contributor to the decreased microbial composition and diversity in the gastric mucosa and had little influence on the microbiota of gastric juice and feces. The gastric mucosal genera Gemella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Actinobacillus, and Hemophilus had the higher degree of centrality across the progression of gastric precancerous lesions. And Acinetobacter may contribute to the occurrence of intraepithelial neoplasia. In addition, the microbial model of H. pylori-positive gastric biopsies and feces showed value in the prediction of gastric precancerous lesions. Conclusions This study identified associations between gastric precancerous lesions and gastric microbiota, as well as the changes in intestinal microbiota, and explored their values in the prediction of gastric precancerous lesions.

Introduction Gastric cancer is one of the main reasons of cancer-induced death, exploring the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer progression is critical for gastric cancer therapy. Here, we studied the role of cysteine protease inhibitor CST1 in gastric cancer progression. Methods Matrigel-coated or -uncoated transwell assay was used to determine the effect of CST1 on gastric cancer invasion and migration, luciferase reporter system was used to determine the effect of CST1 on Wnt pathway activity. Results CST1 had high expression levels in gastric cancer tissues and cells, patients who had high CST1 expression had poor outcome. Overexpression of CST1 increased gastric cancer migration and invasion, while knockdown of CST1 suppressed gastric cancer migration invasion. Mechanism analysis showed CST1 promoted WNT signaling pathway activity, promoted the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the expression of Wnt signaling targets. Inhibition of Wnt pathway in CST1 overexpression cells inhibited migration and invasion, suggesting CST1 promoted gastric cancer cell migration and invasion through activating the Wnt pathway. Conclusion In summary, we found CST1 promoted gastric cancer migration and invasion through activating Wnt signaling, providing a novel target for gastric cancer therapy.

Purpose: It is very essential to diagnose gastric atrophy in the area with high prevalence of gastric cancer. Operative link for gastritis assessment (OLGA) was developed to detect the severity of gastric atrophy. The aim of this study was to develop and validate nomograms for predicting OLGA any-stage and stages III–IV in the Chinese high-risk gastric cancer population.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 7,945 participants obtained by a multicenter cross-sectional study. We randomly selected 55% individuals (4,370 participants, training cohort) to analyze and generate the prediction models and validated the models on the remaining individuals (3,575 participants, validation cohort). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to select variables in the training cohort. The corresponding nomograms were developed to predict OLGA any-stage and stages III–IV, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and the GiViTI calibration belts were used to estimate the discrimination and calibration of the prediction models.Results: There were 1,226 (28.05%) participants in the training sample and 970 (27.13%) in the validation sample who were diagnosed with gastric atrophy. The nomogram predicting OLGA any-stage had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.610 for the training sample and 0.615 for the validation sample, with favorable calibrations in the overall population. Similarly, the nomogram predicting OLGA stages III–IV had an AUC of 0.702 and 0.714 for the training and validation samples, respectively, with favorable calibrations in the overall population.Conclusions: The prediction model can early identify the occurrence of gastric atrophy and the severity stage of gastric atrophy to some extent.

Secondary prevention is an important strategy in gastric cancer. Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) is the last stage of precancerous lesion, and its timely diagnosis can greatly improve the detection rate of early gastric cancer. We performed a prospective study to analyze the risk factors of gastric LGIN in asymptomatic subjects undergoing physical examination. A total of 3437 subjects were included in this study, and 2259 asymptomatic subjects were investigated from March 2015 to April 2018. Risk factors were evaluated, and the endoscopic features of LGIN and prognosis were described. The overall incidence of LGIN was 19.73% (678/3437), while the incidence of LGIN in the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups was 19.65% (444/2259) and 19.86% (234/1178), respectively (P = 0.884). The rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in this physical examination population was 39.13% (35.8% asymptomatic group, 45.5% symptomatic group; P ≤ 0.001). Risk factors including age, H. pylori infection, history of antibiotic misuse, and spicy and high-fat diet (all P < 0.05) were further verified by multivariate analysis as independent risk factors. History of antibiotic misuse and H. pylori infection showed significant associations with LGIN (odds ratio (OR) = 6.767, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.873-11.825 and OR = 3.803, 95% CI 3.009-4.808, respectively). The most common endoscopic classification of LGIN was erosive gastritis (50.78%), and the major endoscopic appearance was Paris IIa (flat with slight elevation located mostly in the antrum). During the mean follow-up period of 15.02 months, 49.4% of LGIN regressed, 0.61% of LGIN progressed, and 50% of LGIN remained unchanged. History of antibiotic misuse and H. pylori infection were predominant risk factors of LGIN in asymptomatic subjects, and those individuals should consider early screening for gastric cancer.

Conventional interactive machine translation typically requires a human translator to validate every generated target word, even though most of them are correct in the advanced neural machine translation (NMT) scenario. Previous studies have exploited confidence approaches to address the intensive human involvement issue, which request human guidance only for a few number of words with low confidences. However, such approaches do not take the history of human involvement into account, and optimize the models only for the translation quality while ignoring the cost of human involvement. In response to these pitfalls, we propose a novel interactive NMT model, which explicitly accounts the history of human involvements and particularly is optimized towards two objectives corresponding to the translation quality and the cost of human involvement, respectively. Specifically, the model jointly predicts a target word and a decision on whether to request human guidance, which is based on both the partial translation and the history of human involvements. Since there is no explicit signals on the decisions of requesting human guidance in the bilingual corpus, we optimize the model with the reinforcement learning technique which enables our model to accurately predict when to request human guidance. Simulated and real experiments show that the proposed model can achieve higher translation quality with similar or less human involvement over the confidence-based baseline.

Consumer credit scoring and credit risk management have been the core research problem in financial industry for decades. In this paper, we target at inferring this particular user attribute called credit, i.e., whether a user is of the good credit class or not, from online social data. However, existing credit scoring methods, mainly relying on financial data, face severe challenges when tackling the heterogeneous social data. Moreover, social data only contains extremely weak signals about users’ credit label. To that end, we put forward a Latent User Behavior Dimension based Credit Model (LUBD-CM) to capture these small signals for personal credit profiling. LUBD-CM learns users’ hidden behavior habits and topic distributions simultaneously, and represents each user at a much finer granularity. Specifically, we take a real-world Sina Weibo dataset as the testbed for personal credit profiling evaluation. Experiments conducted on the dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach: (1) User credit label can be predicted using LUBD-CM with a considerable performance improvement over state-of-the-art baselines; (2) The latent behavior dimensions have very good interpretability in personal credit profiling.

In online karaoke, the decision process in choosing a song is different from that in music radio, because users usually prefer songs that meet their vocal competence besides their tastes. Traditional music recommendation methods typically model users' personalized preference for songs in terms of content and style. However, this can be improved by considering the degree of matching the vocal competence (e.g. pitch, volume, and rhythm) of users to the vocal requirements of songs. To this end, in this paper, we develop a karaoke recommender system by incorporating vocal competence. Along this line, we propose a joint modeling method named CBNTF by exploiting the mutual enhancement between non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) and support vector machine (SVM). Specifically, we first extract vocal (i.e., pitch, volume, and rhythm) ratings of a user for a song from his/her singing records. Since these vocal ratings encode users' vocal competence from three aspects, we treat these vocal ratings as a tensor, exploit an NTF method, and learn the latent features of users' vocal metrics. These factorized features are simultaneously fed into an SVM classifier and then we use the trained classifier to predict the overall rating of a user with respect to a song. In addition, we propose an enhanced objective function to exploit the mutual enhancement between NTF and SVM, and devise an effective method to solve this objective as a coupled least-squares optimization problem via a maximum margin framework. With the estimated model, we compute the similarity between users and songs in terms of pitch, volume and rhythm and recommend songs to users. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments with real-world online karaoke data. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.MSC codesKaraoke-song recommendationSinging competenceNon-negative tensor factorization

Pattern matching with wildcards is a hot research problem that can be used in biological sequence analysis,text indexing,network intrusion detection,and so on.Aiming at the problem that the wildcards have strong limitations in the existing research work,pattern matching with flexible wildcards was studied.The wildcards can appear between any two substrings and can be specified with flexible length constraints.The nonlinear data structure—suffix tree was used to design a completeness algorithm PAST.In the prepare process,an online incremental algorithm was used to build the suffix tree which has priori knowledge of the text.In the search phase,the idea of dynamic programming was used to match the characters of the pattern.Experiments on DNA sequences show that our method has better perfor-mances in time than the related matching algorithm.

Pattern matching with wildcards is very important in many fields such as information retrieval and bioinformatics. Suffix trees are used in pattern matching with variable length wildcards. But the construction of a suffix tree needs significant time and space overload. This paper presents a new pattern matching algorithm, PST, based on multiple suffix trees. The PST algorithm uses a cutting process to divide a string S into several parts firstly, and then establishes a suffix tree for each part of S respectively. If multiple patterns are to be retrieved, the suffix trees should be adjusted according to the cutting points: prefix sequence deletion and suffix sequence addition; prefix sequence addition and suffix sequence deletion. Theoretical analysis and experiments show that the PST algorithm can decrease the time and space overload than other peers.

Pattern matching with wildcards and length constraints under the one-off condition is a challenging topic. We propose an algorithm BPBM, based on bit parallelism and the Boyer-Moore algorithm, that outputs an occurrence of a given pattern P as soon as the pattern appears in the given sequence. The experimental results show that our BPBM algorithm has an improved time performance of over 50% with the same matching results when compared with SAIL, a state-of-the-art algorithm of this matching problem. The superiority is even more remarkable when the scale of the pattern increases.

System lifetime is very important to wireless sensor networks.Under the precondition of keeping performance,through sensor nodes schedule,i.e.some work while others sleep,system lifetime can be prolonged effectively.As the performance of present schedule algorithms aren’t good,a scan line based sensor nodes schedule algorithm is proposed.In this algorithm,monitor region of node is approximated to scan lines by which redundant node is judged.Simulations show that the performance of this algorithm is good.The number of active nodes generated by schedule is about 91% of present algorithms and average coverage is about 1.84.

System lifetime is an important designing factor of wireless sensor networks.Under the prediction of keeping monitoring performance,making some sensor nodes work and other nodes sleep may prolong system lifetime.Performances of present multi-coverage node scheduling algorithms aren’t good.This paper proposes a node scheduling algorithm solving multi-coverage using sampling.Simulation results show that the performance of this algorithm is good than present algorithms’ and size of working set is up to 66% of present algorithms’.

The monitoring region of line wireless sensor network is close to a line. While base station is collecting sense data, the region closer to the base station need transmit more data. If general scheme of deploying sensor nodes uniformly is used, sensor nodes near the base station will use up energy soon and the base station cannot collect data anymore. Therefore, a density formula was proposed to deploy sensor nodes by investigating energy consumption in line wireless sensor networks. Theoretical analysis and simulation result show, in the case that monitoring region is wide, deploying sensor nodes by this scheme, the lifetime is prolonged to two times that of uniform deploying.

The powder in tube method with in situ and ex situ techniques was used for fabricating the Fe sheathed MgB_ 2 tape. Mg powder, amorphous B powder and commercial MgB_ 2 powder were used as starting materials. The tapes were sintered at 680℃, 800℃ and 950℃ respectively. In this paper, a comparison of heating temperature dependence of J_c between the tapes prepared using the two techniques is reported, and the origin of the difference isanalyzed and discussed.