A novel "turn off-on" fluorescence sensing platform was developed for the sequential detection of Fe3+ and coumaphos pesticides using carbon dots derived from biomass lotus seeds (LS) and functionalized with monoethanolamine (MEA). The LS-MEA-CDs were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, exhibiting strong blue fluorescence with an excitation and emission wavelength of 350 and 435 nm, respectively. Upon addition of Fe3+, the fluorescence was quenched, which was subsequently restored by coumaphos via competitive binding. The sensor showed linear responses for Fe3+ (0.625-35 & micro;g mL-1, LOD = 0.021 & micro;g mL- 1) and coumaphos (12.5-150 & micro;g L-1, LOD = 1.54 & micro;g L- 1), with high selectivity against potential interferents. Practical application in vegetable samples yielded recoveries of 90.61-109.09%, confirming its accuracy and robustness. Overall, the proposed method provides a rapid and efficient tool for detecting coumaphos residues in environmental monitoring and food safety settings.

Renal artery hemorrhage (RAH) is a common and potentially life-threatening medical emergency. Recent advances in interventional devices, including microguidewires and microcatheters, have made super-selective renal artery embolization (SRAE) an important treatment option for RAH because it enables precise localization of bleeding vessels, simplified procedures, reliable hemostasis, and reduced tissue injury. However, currently used embolic agents, including gelatin sponges, microcoils, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles, and N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue, remain associated with limitations such as embolization failure, vascular injury, nontarget embolization, tissue necrosis, permanent material retention, and recurrent bleeding. In this study, we developed biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres as a tunable embolic agent. Two GelMA formulations with different degrees of substitution (DS), GelMA-DS0.25 and GelMA-DS0.75, were synthesized by reacting gelatin with different amounts of methacrylic anhydride. Uniform GelMA microspheres with an average diameter of 175 ± 4 μm were fabricated using microfluidics combined with photopolymerization. Under in vitro PBS conditions, GelMA-DS0.25 microspheres completely degraded in 60 days, while GelMA-DS0.75 degraded only 30% in 100 days. Incubated with 3T3 cells, the relative cell viability was over 90%, and the in vitro hemolysis rate was less than 3%, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Under digital subtraction angiography (DSA) guidance, a rabbit RAH model was established by micro-guidewire-induced vascular injury and subsequently treated by GelMA microsphere embolization. GelMA-DS0.25 microspheres showed effective embolization, initiated degradation approximately 16 days after embolization, and did not cause irreversible renal injury, as demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) follow-up and histopathological analysis. Overall, these results indicate that GelMA microspheres with uniform size, tunable degradation behavior, and favorable biocompatibility are promising biodegradable embolic candidates for super-selective renal artery embolization.

Components for marine applications are exposed to severe conditions, necessitating resistance to both mechanical stress and biological deterioration. This study presents an additively manufactured elastomer lattice that integrates antifungal protection and cushioning performance through a synergistic combination of material composition and structural design. The lattice consists of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/silicone rubber composites with a tailored 3D architecture. The resulting composites exhibit strong antifungal properties, with surface coverage remaining below 0.8

Hierarchically porous composites are highly promising for advanced applications in thermal management, electromagnetic interference shielding, and filtration or separation. However, conventional fabrication methods often struggle to simultaneously achieve high structural precision, programmable macro-architectures, and well-controlled microporosity. To address this challenge, this study proposes a cryogenic-assisted electrohydrodynamic printing strategy for the fabrication of hierarchical microlattices. By rapidly freezing a low-viscosity carbon nanofiber/polyvinyl alcohol ink during high-voltage printing, freestanding three-dimensional microlattices with sub-100 mu m filaments are successfully fabricated. The process generates designed macropores through programmed printing paths and interconnected micropores within the filaments during subsequent freeze-drying. This dual-scale porous architecture endows the lightweight material with integrated multifunctionality, including superhydrophilicity for rapid oil-water separation, low thermal conductivity arising from the hierarchical porous structure, and effective electromagnetic interference shielding with absorption-dominant behavior. The proposed strategy provides a high-precision and designable route for manufacturing hierarchical porous composites for multifunctional applications.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is critical for guiding timely antibiotic therapy; however conventional methods used in hospitals remain time-consuming. To allow ultra-fast AST, we developed a phenotypic-based, microfluidic AST system capable of generating susceptibility profiles for 10 antibiotics within 1 h. The platform integrates antibiotic-exposed bacterial cultivation, dual-fluorescent viability staining (dye SYTO9 for all, and dye propidium iodide (PI) for dead cells), and morphometric analysis in a three-layer microfluidic chip. Optimized staining conditions (2.5 μM SYTO9, 30 μM PI, 10-min incubation) enabled direct discrimination of drug-sensitive pathogens via the quantification of dead-cell ratios or elongated cell-lengths after drug-cultivation. Antibiotic exposure with 40 min is enough to yield distinct dead cells (18.5-51.4 % in total) or elongated cells (10.94-12.24 μm in length) for drug-sensitive strains; while almost no changes of dead cell ratios (<5 %), and cell lengths (1.4-3.8 μm) were observed for drug-resistant strains in comparison with the drug-free control. Clinical validation of chip-based AST of 19 E. coli-positive urine samples against 10 kinds of typical antibiotics demonstrated 98.7 % concordance for drug-resistant samples and 99.1 % for drug-sensitive samples compared to gold-standard AST. This system offers an ultra-fast, cost-effective solution for on-site AST in emergency (ICU) or in source-limited regions.

Ion gels with superior toughness and customizable mechanical properties are typically required to thrive in diverse challenging environments. However, the mobility of the polymer chains is limited, resulting in ion gels whose mechanical properties cannot be readily altered. Here, this work developed a ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) ion gel characterized by a hydrogen bond-controlled metastable structure. Hydrogen bonding competition between polyacrylic acid- choline chloride (PAA-ChCl) and polyacrylic acid- betaine (PAA-BT) contributes to the formation of phase-separated structures, which improves the ion gel toughness. Meanwhile, the tunable hydrogen bond interaction made it possible to program mechanical properties. The ion gel demonstrates superior mechanical properties, including a high stress intensity of 52 MPa, compressive strength of 25 MPa, and toughness of 200 MJ/m(3). In addition to the mechanical advantages, the excellent bonding properties and shape memory behavior of polyacrylic acid- chloride/betaine (PAA-ChCl/BT) ion gels expand their potential application areas and strain limits. Notably, it functions as a versatile sensor capable of detecting deformation (0 % similar to 200 %), temperature (0 similar to 110 degrees C), and humidity (50 %similar to 90 %), while also harnessing temperature and humidity differentials for electricity generation. This work presents a new paradigm for microphase separation in ion gels and offers a promising approach for the development of ion gels with programmable mechanical properties through thermal treatment.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are highly valued for their unique properties and potential applications, as they can display exotic behaviors differing from those of their bulk forms. Research on elementary and binary solids has been making great progress recently, while synthesizing multi-component 2D materials experimentally remains a challenge, despite the possibility of greatly extending the number of members of the 2D realm. In this study, we synthesized ternary BiTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) nanosheets with high crystallinity through an electrochemical exfoliation method. Structural analysis confirmed the retention of bulk composition in these nanosheets. Interestingly, the BiTeX nanosheets display a persistent luminescence effect, where the photogenerated carriers exhibit lifetimes of over 100 seconds. Furthermore, the recovery time increased at lower temperatures. The persistent luminescence in 2D BiTeX, which can be ascribed to reversible bond cleavage and recovery under photoexcitation, exhibits potential for applications in fluorescence and photo-responsive systems.

Boron carbide nanoparticles were chemically modified with folic acid conjugated via PEG linkers, achieving tumor boron levels up to 50 μg g −1 dried tissue 24 h post-injection.

Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis based on fetal cells (cell-based NIPD) offers a safer alternative to traditional invasive procedures but remains limited by the low abundance of fetal nucleated red blood cells (FNRBCs) in maternal circulation and the inefficiency of current isolation techniques. Here, we present a functionalized interventional system for in situ hematologic cell capture (FISHC) directly from peripheral blood, eliminating the need for blood withdrawal and ex vivo processing. FISHC features a carboxybetaine methacrylate (CBMA)-functionalized medical wire with immobilized FNRBC-specific antibodies, enabling high-specificity cell capture under physiological conditions. In vivo validation in a pregnant monkey model confirms its feasibility for efficient and minimally invasive fetal cell retrieval. FISHC represents a paradigm shift in cell-based NIPD and holds promise for broader biomedical applications, including circulating tumor cell detection and real-time liquid biopsy technologies.

Phase change materials are essential for sustainable thermal management, but challenges such as leakage, formability loss, low thermal conductivity, and poor photo-thermal conversion efficiency limit their stability and versatility. Herein, we propose a simple yet effective carbonization strategy that leverages the inherent three-dimensional, oriented, and hierarchical cellulose skeleton of carbonized wood (CW) to support polyethylene glycol (PEG). When the carbonization temperature is 1000 °C and the heating rate is 3-5 °C/min, the CW's maximum specific surface area and average pore diameter reach as high as 598.19 m2/g and 3.25 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the CW-PEG composite phase change energy storage materials (CW-PEG composite PCESMs) increases to 0.434 W/m·K. The CW-PEG composite PCESMs exhibit a melting enthalpy of 130.5 J/g and an energy storage efficiency of 99.8 %. The surface temperature variations captured by the infrared camera during the heating and cooling cycles underscore the outstanding solar energy conversion efficiency of CW-PEG composite PCESMs. Moreover, even after 50 cycles, the phase change enthalpy retains 95 %, highlighting the CW-PEG composite PCESMs promising potential for energy-efficient building materials and cold chain transportation.

Phosphorescent materials have potential applications in anticounterfeiting and optoelectronics, but their luminescence is generally quenched at elevated temperatures. Herein, a synergistic locking strategy has been developed to achieve high-temperature phosphorescence (HTP) of carbon dot (CD) composites. Impressively, the CD composites retain over 90% and 75% of their phosphorescence intensity at temperatures up to 110 and 170 °C, respectively. Even at temperatures higher than 170 °C, the phosphorescence persists for 5 s, demonstrating remarkable stabilization of triplet excitons. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that this outstanding thermal resistance stems from the synergistic locking effect of interlayer covalent bridges and multiple hydrogen bonding at the interface. Furthermore, by adjusting the degree of graphitization, multicolor HTP ranging from blue to red has been achieved for the CD composites. This work not only provides a facile and versatile way to construct multicolor CD-based HTP materials but also expands their potential applications in heat-resistant display at high-temperature environments.

Developing high-performance wood products to replace carbon-intensive structural materials is a key approach to reducing carbon emissions, whereas transforming low-strength wood into high-performance bulk materials through eco-friendly processing techniques is challenging but highly desired. Herein, a facile and sustainable water processing strategy is reported to robustly assemble wood pieces into high-performance bulk materials via delignification, followed by room-temperature water evaporation, eliminating the need for traditional adhesives. As water penetrates and swells the microfibrils, the plasticity of the softened wood is significantly enhanced, thereby facilitating the mutual diffusion of the microfibrils. The strong capillary stresses drive the microfibrils so close that they eventually accomplish molecular-level fusion and densification, which endows self-assembled wood with superior mechanical strength (tensile strength ∼ 535.21 MPa, lap shear strength ∼ 5.02 MPa, and solvent stability). This eco-friendly, water-mediated processing technique paves the way for the development of advanced, sustainable, and high-performance wood products.

Hydrogen production from biomass electro-oxidation offers a promising alternative to water electrolysis by lowering the anodic oxidation barrier and producing valuable chemicals. However, current biomass electro-oxidation systems have difficulties in achieving an industrial-scale current density due to the difficulty in cleaving high-energy C─H and O─H bonds. Here, we report a ternary layer nitride FeWN 2 electrocatalyst with abundant antisite defects (ASDs), which significantly improves its electrocatalytic performance for ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation. The catalyst works at a remarkable current density of 2.5 A cm −2 at 0.69 V (vs RHE) and achieves 4 A cm −2 at 1.12 V in a two-electrode electrolyzer at 60 °C with 100% Faraday efficiency for H 2 production. Theoretical calculations reveal that W atoms near antipodal Fe sites replenish the electron density of Fe, maintaining moderate Fe-DHA adsorption strength induced by ASDs that achieve superior catalytic efficiency for AA-to-DHA conversion This study provides new insight for developing high-performance organic oxidation catalysts with ASDs.

Metal electrode corrosion driven by halide migration and interfacial defects remains a significant bottleneck limiting the operational stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly in devices with varied bandgaps. Herein, we present a multifunctional interface engineering strategy by incorporating the IL 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPYBF4) into the PCBM electron transport layer to simultaneously address these issues. The BF4 - anions coordinate with the Ag+, forming a corrosion-resistant layer that mitigates iodine-induced degradation. Concurrently, the BPY+ cations react with residual PbI2 at the perovskite surface, inducing the formation of a 1D perovskite capping layer that effectively passivates interfacial defects and suppresses ion migration. Phase-transition process during film conversion was systematically investigated, revealing a gradual transformation of residual PbI2 into a protective 1D perovskite structure upon BPYBF4 incorporation. Additionally, the presence of ionized PCBM enhances surface potential alignment, promoting efficient electron extraction and reducing non-radiative recombination losses. This strategy demonstrates broad applicability-not only enhancing the performance of 1.55 eV normal-bandgap PSCs but also achieving outstanding efficiency for wide-bandgap PSCs, with PCEs of 22.69% for 1.67 eV and 18.60% (certified at 17.75%) for 1.85 eV, respectively. This work provides a facile and scalable approach to simultaneously protect the electrode and stabilize the perovskite films, offering a promising strategy for varied bandgaps PSCs in both single-junction and tandem configurations.image

AbstractHigh‐energy blue light is highly detrimental to health as it can penetrate the lens into the retina, potentially causing atrophy or even death of retinal pigment epithelial cells. To prevent the harmful effects of high‐energy blue light on our health, here the preparation of a photoconversion film specifically designed to block high‐energy blue light is reported, which is composed of green‐emissive carbon dots (G‐CDs) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 95%) dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Notably, such a film (named as G‐CDs@PVA) not only converts an incident laser light with a short wavelength into a fluorescence with a longer wavelength, but also exhibits concentration‐dependent (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt.%) blue light barrier rate and green‐emissive intensity. With the increase of the concentration of G‐CDs in the film, the blue light barrier rate of the film as well as the maximum intensity of the green emission are also increased. When the concentration of G‐CDs reaches 30 wt.%, the blue light barrier rate of G‐CDs@PVA achieves up to 97%. Furthermore, G‐CDs@PVA film is attached to a blue light‐emitting diode (LED) chip to explore its practical application in the field of blocking blue light damage.

Dynamic organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are highly promising for various applications. However, developing photo‐responsive RTP systems with simple fabrication, high reversibility, and visible‐light responsiveness presents a significant challenge. Herein, in situ embedding of boron‐doped carbon dots (B‐CDs) in amorphous polymer (pPBA) is achieved by a two‐step polymerization and carbonization process. Impressively, the B‐CDs@pPBA composite exhibits visible‐light‐activated ultralong RTP with full reversibility and a lifetime on–off ratio exceeding 280. By correlating photophysical properties with structural characterization results, it is concluded that photoinduced intensifying of the crosslinking between B‐CDs and pPBA is responsible for the dynamic RTP. More interestingly, the B‐CDs@pPBA film is found to display bending actuation and reversible deformable behavior upon light exposure. Finally, potential applications of such photo‐responsive systems in programmable information storage and encryption are demonstrated. This research may pave a new way for the development of dynamic RTP nanomaterials and promote their use in a wide range of promising applications.

Both boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have been applied to tumor treatment in clinical. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited. For BNCT, the agents not only exhibit poor targeting ability but also permit only a single irradiation session within a course due to significant radiation risks. In the context of PTT, despite enhanced selectivity, the limited photothermal effect fails to meet clinical demands. Hence, the imperative arises to combine these two therapies to enhance tumor-killing capabilities and improve the targeting of BNCT agents by leveraging the advantages of PTT agents. In this study, we synthesized a potential responsive agent by linking 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) and IR-780 dye that served as the agents for BNCT and PTT, respectively, which possesses the dual capabilities of photothermal effects and thermal neutron capture. Results from both in vitro and in vivo research demonstrated that IR780-MPBA effectively inhibits tumor growth through its photothermal effect with no significant toxicity. Furthermore, IR780-MPBA exhibited substantial accumulation in tumor tissues and superior tumor-targeting capabilities compared with MPBA, which demonstrated that IR780-MPBA possesses significant potential as a combined antitumor therapy of PTT and BNCT, presenting a promising approach for antitumor treatments.

The electrolyte is a crucial component that significantly affects the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with high operating voltage was synthesized via an innovative "one-pot" method in this study, and the impacts of organic solvent/ water ratio and LiNO3 concentration on gelation and conductivity of the GPE were investigated systematically. Under the optimal condition with a DMF/water ratio of 10:0 and the incorporation of 7 % LiNO3, the ionic conductivity reached 1.06 S m- 1. Integrated into symmetric supercapacitors, the HPMC-based GPE demonstrated an expanded electrochemical window of 2.7 V. It also possessed a specific capacitance of 115.8 F g- 1 at 1.0 A g- 1, an energy density of 29.31 Wh kg- 1, and outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 86 % of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles. Through cyclic stability tests under pressure conditions, the assembled flexible supercapacitors were able to maintain capacitance retention of 60 % and coulombic efficiency of 97 %. This work offers a streamlined synthesis for HPMC-based GPE with superior electrochemical properties, which exhibits its potential in advancing supercapacitor technology for flexible electronics.

Nanoparticle carriers can selectively deliver the drug cargo to tumor cells, thus having the ability to pre-vent early drug release, reduce non-specific cell binding, and prolong in vivo drug retention. We con-structed paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded lipid-shell mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LMSNs) for targeted an-ti-cancer drug delivery. The physical properties of PTX-LMSNs were analyzed by scanning electron mi-croscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The drug loading (DL%) and entrapment efficiency (EE%) of PTX-LMSNs were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro drug release test, in vivo imaging, tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics of PTX-LMSNs were also evaluated. The SEM examination showed that MSNs were sphere, whereas TEM showed that they were rich in fine pores. The uniform core-shell structure of PTX-LMSNs was also verified by TEM. The DL capacity of PTX-LMSN was as high as 21.75%, and PTX was released from the nanoparticles in vitro in a pH-dependent manner. The cumulative amount of free PTX increased at lower pH, which is conducive to selective drug release from LMSNs in the acidic tumor tissues. In vivo imaging showed prolonged reten-tion of PTX-LMSNs, which is beneficial to their therapeutic efficacy. In addition, PTX-LMSNs were primarily concentrated in the liver. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the half-life of PTX-LMSNs was 23.21% longer and 79.24% higher than that of Taxol. Together, LMSNs are a highly promising antineoplastic drug carrier system.