Under China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the power system is shifting from a fossil-fueldominated, centralized model to a new power system with high renewable energy penetration, source-grid-load-storage coordination, power-carbon market integration, and digital intelligence. Existing evaluation studies often focus on single dimensions or local subsystems, making it difficult to capture the coordinated relationships among low-carbon generation, grid resilience, load flexibility, energy storage, carbon control, and digitalization across multiple scales. To address this gap, this paper develops a multi-scale evaluation system and a scenariobased decision-support framework. Compared with the original conceptual framework, the revised study further introduces a 2021-2023 regional empirical application based on public statistical yearbooks, power industry reports, carbon market disclosures, and grid enterprise reports. The proposed framework combines index standardization, AHP-entropy combined weighting, comprehensive evaluation, coordination analysis, alpha sensitivity testing, weakness diagnosis, and multiobjective optimization simulation. The empirical results show that the eastern region has the highest comprehensive score in 2023, while the western, central, and northeast regions exhibit different weaknesses in renewable consumption, grid resilience, storage allocation, load flexibility, and carbon control. The study provides more operational methodological support for identifying regional weaknesses, optimizing resource allocation, and selecting differentiated low-carbon development pathways.

High-penetration renewable energy integration exacerbates grid voltage fluctuations, creating an urgent need to incorporate flexible distributed energy storage into voltage regulation frameworks. 5 G base station energy storage and electric vehicles exhibit significant spatiotemporal complementarity, demonstrating potential for precise multiperiod and multi-node voltage regulation. However, challenges such as decentralized access and heterogeneous responses lead to slow convergence in traditional centralized control. To address this, we propose a POMDP-based voltage optimization method integrating dynamic clustering and coordination strategies. Our approach constructs a dispatchable resource model of 5 G BS and EV resources, employs incremental DBSCAN for dynamic multidimensional clustering based on electrical coupling and load similarity, and utilizes POMDP for global state estimation through local observations. Simulations demonstrate the method's effectiveness in achieving adaptive voltage control in weak communication environments while enhancing operational security and stability.

The German electricity market has a high degree of liberalization, and the balancing group mechanism is the core of its electricity market design. While ensuring that electricity can be freely and flexibly traded in the market, it also ensures the supply-demand balance of the electricity system, which is of great significance for the safety and economic operation of the German power system. This article first briefly introduces the overview of natural resources and power system in Germany, and then analyzes the balancing group from four aspects: basic structure, trading mechanism, key technology, and implementation effect. It also deeply analyzes the operating mechanism of the balancing settlement unit and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the German balancing group model. Finally, based on the actual operation of China’s power system, this article summarizes the inspiration of the German balancing group model for the development of China’s power grid.

With the change of energy structure and the further promote in the reform of power system, power supply and demand balancing has become the focus of power industry. To solve this problem, under the analysis of German balancing group mechanism, we proposed a distribution network balancing group division method for wide area balancing demand. First, the paper analyzes the features of German balancing group, and constructs the typical pattern of distribution network combined with China’s grid and market pattern condition. Then, considering the existing management mode of distribution network, with the optimization objective of minimizing the net load of balancing group, the distribution network balancing group divison method for wide area balancing demand is proposed. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the method described in this article are verified through the analysis of examples. The research results of this paper provide a new idea and method for the future development of smart distribution network, which can help to improve the regional balance autonomy ability of distribution network and reduce the impact of large-scale distributed generation access.

If the scale of distributed photovoltaic access exceeds the actual carrying capacity of the distribution network, the safe and stable operation of the distribution network will be threatened. The improvement of distributed photovoltaic carrying capacity of the distribution network is an important technical issue for the future planning and operation of the distribution network. The rational planning and allocation of multiple source loads can reduce the influence of distributed photovoltaic access and improve the distributed photovoltaic carrying capacity of the distribution network. The influence of multiple source load access on power flow distribution, voltage and network loss is analyzed. The mathematical models of the access location and boundary capacity of distributed power supply and load characteristic equipment are established. Aiming at maximum access capacity, minimum energy storage investment cost and minimum network loss of distributed photovoltaic system, a multi-source load location and capacity determination method was proposed, which was solved by genetic algorithm and Pareto algorithm based on elite retention strategy. The simulation results show that the distributed photovoltaic capacity of the distribution network can be effectively improved through reasonable location and capacity determination of multiple source loads. The proposed model and method can provide theoretical basis for location and capacity determination of multiple source loads.

This article takes actual load-duration-curve as research object, that describes a distribution network device in one year working hours' efficiency, and analyzes the degree of power distribution capacity during the device evaluation period. When we need to evaluate and analyze the operation efficiency of the distribution network in a certain area, we need to analyze it according to the operation efficiency evaluation model, and then we will further analyze the weak links, such as which sub-items will affect the overall impact on the operational metrics, and finally we will be able to know these weaknesses that need to be solved first. This paper proposes a three-level analysis method for the influence degree of distribution network operation efficiency. The index model of the influence degree of single equipment, similar equipment at the same level, and system operation efficiency are built. The practicability and effectiveness of this method is verified through examples. The proposed method can make up for the shortcomings of the distribution network operation efficiency evaluation model in the analysis of weakness. The method can help to find the key factors affecting the distribution network operation efficiency more accurately, and the direction and measure of the distribution network optimization are further proposed.

综合能源系统（integrated energy system, IES）具有灵活调度和多能互济的特点,针对当前综合能源系统供能可靠性研究尚不充分的问题,提出一种考虑最优负荷削减与热负荷惯性的综合能源系统可靠性评估方法。首先,建立了综合能源系统总停供损失期望指标,充分体现了综合能源系统停供能造成的经济损失;其次,考虑能源品位、负荷重要度、热负荷惯性,建立了故障场景下综合考虑运行成本最小与加权停供负荷量最小为目标的综合能源系统最优负荷削减模型,采用CPLEX软件求解获得电热负荷削减功率和元件设备出力;然后,基于序贯蒙特卡洛模拟原理,设计了综合能源系统可靠性评估方法和流程;最后,通过算例仿真进行验证。算例分析表明,采用最优负荷削减策略和考虑热负荷惯性能够有效提升综合能源系统的可靠性水平。

In this paper, an integrated energy system (IES) reliability assessment method based on sequential Monte Carlo simulation and fault recovery optimization is proposed considering the flexibility of dispatch and the complementary of multi-energy in IES. The reliability evaluation indices of IES are established considering the energy supply and thermal load delay characteristics. An IES failure recovery optimization model is established in which the shutdown loss and the minimum operating cost under the failure scenario are considered comprehensively. CPLEX software is applied to solve the proposed problem in order to obtain the electric and thermal load reduction power and component equipment output. Based on the principle of sequential Monte Carlo simulation, an IES reliability assessment method and process are designed. The analysis of calculation examples shows that the use of failure recovery optimization strategies and consideration of thermal load delay characteristics can effectively improve the reliability of IES.

供电可靠性是指配电网向用户持续供电的能力,是对电力用户服务水平的综合体现.介绍了国家电网有限公司经营区域的供电可靠性指标现状,并对供电可靠性指标的变化趋势、停电原因进行了分析;总结了近年来配电网供电可靠性提升成效,分析了"十四五"期间供电可靠性管理工作面临的形势与挑战;最后,对提升"十四五"供电可靠性工作进行了展望.摘? 要:供电可靠性是指配电网向用户持续供电的能力,是对电力用户服务水平的综合体现.介绍了国家电网有限公司经营区域的供电可靠性指标现状,并对供电可靠性指标的变化趋势、停电原因进行了分析;总结了近年来配电网供电可靠性提升成效,分析了"十四五"期间供电可靠性管理工作面临的形势与挑战;最后,对提升"十四五"供电可靠性工作进行了展望.

为了在规划中充分考虑交直流混合配电网的功率控制能力,文章考虑电压源换流器(Voltage Source Converter,VSC)与分布式电源(Distributed Generation,DG)之间的影响特性,以全社会综合效益最优为目标,建立交直流混合配电网VSC与DG三层协调规划模型:上层模型以直流改造和接入建设成本最小为目标进行VSC的选址定容;中层以DG规划成本最小为目标进行DG选址定容;下层以规划阶段整体综合运行成本最小为目标优化系统的运行状态.采用精英保留遗传算法以及二阶锥规划算法进行求解.算例结果验证了所提方法的有效性.

The application of intelligent technology such as perception, communication, etc. provides a large amount of real-time data for distribution network reconstruction. Under this context, this paper conducts a dynamic evaluation study on distribution network reconstruction scheme. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors of distribution network planning, the evaluation index of the distribution network reconstruction scheme is put forward. Then, factor analysis and Bayesian network analysis are employed to determine the weighty, on which further retrieve the main factors affecting distribution network reconstruction, concurrently giving the priority of the construction and reformation and feasible implementation scheme. Considering the uncertainty of distribution network, a dynamic intuitionistic fuzzy multi-attribute group decision-making is proposed to realize the dynamic evaluation of the distribution network reconstruction scheme, and thus find out the optimal. Simulations and discussions are carried out to prove and analyze the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method.

With the increasing of charging facilities, 5G base station, DC household appliances and other new DC load and photovoltaic DC source, the research of DC distribution network with safety, reliability and efficiency has tremendous market potential and application value. This paper puts forward the grid structure of medium voltage DC distribution network and the bus structure of low voltage DC power system, analyzes the characteristics and application of different converter connection forms, and puts forward the typical grounding mode of pseudo bipolar and true bipolar DC distribution system composed of two-level converter and MMC converter. Finally, the typical application scenarios of DC load concentration area were taken as an example to construct its typical power supply mode from voltage level, grid structure, wiring mode and grounding mode.

随着充电设施、5G基站、直流家电等新型直流负荷及光伏等直流电源的快速发展,研究兼具安全、可靠、高效特性的直流配电网具有巨大的市场潜力和应用价值.提出了中压直流配电网网架结构及低压直流用电系统母线结构,分析了单极接线、双极接线的特点及其适用情况,提出了由两电平换流器、MMC换流器构成的伪、真双极直流配用电系统的接地方式.最后,以数据中心、居民楼宇等直流负荷集中区应用场景为例,从电压等级、网架结构、接线方式和接地方式等方面构建其典型供用电模式.

With the increasing of AC/DC sources and loads and the rapid development of power electronics technology, the AC/DC distribution and consumption has tremendous potential for its obvious advantage in technology. Reasonable grounding is an important guarantee for constructing a safe, reliable and efficient multi-voltage AC/DC distribution and consumption system. Typical grounding modes for AC/DC distribution and consumption system with different converter types and different converter wiring types were proposed, and the recommended grounding modes under different conditions were given by the theoretical analysis. Finally, combined with the actual situation of the demonstration area, the grounding mode of the AC/DC distribution and consumption system in the demonstration project was selected, and the results have been applied to the demonstration project construction.

Hybrid AC/DC distribution networks will play an important role in the future, in which the influences of existing AC distribution network need to be considered during planning. Thus, the reliability evaluation of hybrid AC/DC distribution network is essential, because the influences of AC/DC conversions are not considered in traditional methods. Therefore, this paper firstly introduces the basic structure of the existing AC/DC hybrid distribution network. And then, the reliability evaluation method is proposed and the failure mode consequence analysis table is established according to the protection strategy. Finally, a reliability index for AC/DC hybrid distribution network is proposed and tested based on a modified RBTS system.

AC-DC hybrid distribution network refers to the distribution network with AC-DC conversion power electronic devices such as converters and inverters. Compared with the traditional AC distribution network, AC-DC hybrid distribution network is more suitable to connect high penetration DGs and DC loads. This paper summarized the advantages and typical structures of medium voltage AC-DC hybrid distribution network along with their characteristics, then the application scenarios of medium voltage AC-DC distribution network are categorized and their suitable structures are analyzed.

对于含有高比例直流电源和直流负荷的配电网,采用交直流混合配电网具有降低能量转换损耗、提高潮流控制能力等优势.换流器的位置确定了混合配电网中交直流边界的划分,在对交直流混合配电网规划过程中,以换流器位置作为变量与以每段线路的交直流类型为变量相比,能显著降低变量数量并提高求解效率.提出了源–网协同的中压交直流混合配电网换流器选址方法,通过换流器的选址,在网端确定配电网的交直流划分,在源端确定光伏和电池储能在各接入点的容量分配.以中压交直流混合配电网设备全生命周期内,含建设和运行两要素的净收益为目标函数,并使用含混合整数和二阶锥松弛的优化模型求解不同选址方案的运行收益及成本;采用基于精英策略的遗传算法,对目标函数进行寻优,进而确定最优选址方案;最后以IEEE 33节点系统为基础构建算例,对提出的方法进行验证.

Under the background of the slowdown in macroeconomic growth and the gradual liberalization of the power system reforming market, the competition pressure of power grid companies in the electricity sales market has intensified, and the growth of power sales is not optimistic. It is necessary to conduct research and analysis of electricity sales. This paper conducts the analysis with the following steps: first, determines the leading, coincident, lagging economic indicators based on multi-factor correlation analysis, then synthesizes early warning index, forecasts electricity sales, finally, achieves early warning of external risks to improve the company's management quality of the electricity sales.

The large capacity load transfer of distribution network in normal operation mode can be divided into two classes, time transfer and space transfer. The characteristics are given and the optimization thought and methods are proposed. In view of the space transfer, the optimization of the overall network structure is the main method in the planning, and the operation mode optimization is the main method in the distribution network operation. The methods of distribution network planning and operation optimization adapted to the large capacity load transfer are proposed. In view of the time transfer, energy storage, new load and other technical means can be used to shift peak load to improve the load rate of the distribution network.

Based on the reform of power system, this paper establishes an indicator system for the evaluation of input and output efficiency of distribution network based on the integration of distribution and financing, and builds the evaluation model of the input and output efficiency based on the fuzzy membership degree, extract the data of the pilot units, conduct model trial calculations, optimize the model, and assist the performance appraisal of each unit, ensuring the efficiency of grid investment efficiency, strengthening precision investment, realizing investment must be effective, and inefficiency requires accountability.