BACKGROUND:Skin glycation, oxidation, carbonylation, and excessive inflammation are well-recognized factors contributing to skin aging and pigmentation. Previous in vitro studies have confirmed vitamin C's antioxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory properties, but its in vivo effects remain to be further verified. AIMS:To investigate the in vivo effects of topical vitamin C serum on skin anti-glycation, anti-carbonylation, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation, and to provide evidence for its anti-aging and skin-brightening applications. PATIENTS/METHODS:A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 66 healthy Chinese females, with 31 in the blank group and 35 in the topical group. Participants applied 10% vitamin C serum for 12 weeks. Skin glycation, carbonylated protein content, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) levels, free radical scavenging capacity, and skin color parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS:After 12 weeks, the topical group showed significant improvements: AGEs reduced by 17.65%, carbonylation fluorescence intensity decreased by 49.22%, IL-1α content dropped by 58.73%, and ABTS free radical scavenging rate increased by 12.14%. Skin yellowness (b* value) and redness (a* value) decreased by 6.13% and 16.46%, respectively (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:Topical 10% vitamin C serum can effectively mitigate skin glycation, carbonylation, and inflammation, enhance skin antioxidant capacity, and improve skin color, supporting its clinical value in anti-aging and skin-brightening.

Nanoplastics from plastic waste degradation pose a growing environmental health risk, yet size-dependent dermal effects remain poorly understood. This study investigated polystyrene nanoplastics of 50, 100, and 200 nm using ex vivo porcine skin and in vitro human keratinocyte models. Skin permeation, cellular uptake, viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, and transcriptomic pathways were assessed. Enhanced nanoparticle penetration was observed in barrier-disrupted skin, primarily via hair follicles, with smaller particles showing greater intracellular accumulation. Transcriptomics revealed disruptions in oxidative stress, inflammation, endocytosis, and autophagy pathways. Specifically, 50 nm particles induced the strongest oxidative stress via Nrf2 activation and triggered sustained autophagy, leading to proliferation inhibition and time-dependent inflammation. In contrast, 100 nm particles caused moderate oxidative and inflammatory effects, whereas 200 nm particles provoked acute cytotoxicity, pronounced endocytosis, and an early inflammatory burst with subdued autophagy. These findings demonstrate that sub-100 nm PS NPs exhibit enhanced skin penetration in barrier-disrupted ex vivo models and induce pronounced oxidative stress, sustained autophagy, and proliferation inhibition in human keratinocytes. While these results suggest potential cellular mechanisms that may contribute to dermal toxicity, they do not directly demonstrate systemic absorption or long-term damage in vivo. Our observations provide a mechanistic basis for future in vivo investigations and highlight the need for caution when extrapolating in vitro findings to human health risks.

Accurate assessment of crow's feet is limited by subjective scales and single-dimensional objective tools, impeding standardized evaluation. We recruited 350 healthy Chinese women and acquired macroscopic and microstructural parameters using VISIA-CR, DermaTOP®, and two-photon microscopy. Following expert clinical grading, we developed a dual-track modeling strategy that combines interpretable Ridge Regression and TPOT-optimized Support Vector Regression (SVR) to translate macroscopic parameters into clinical scores. SVR model interpretability was evaluated by SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Crow's feet severity increased non-linearly with age. Two-photon microscopy qualitatively supported the hypothesis that grade 4 corresponds to a phase of notable epidermal barrier disruption and grade 5 to pronounced dermal matrix disorganization. The Ridge Regression model achieved a robust overall fit (R2 = 0.519). Macroscopically, the Stacked SVR model achieved superior predictive precision in the Early Stage (Grades 0-2) by capturing subtle non-linear textural shifts, whereas the Ridge Regression model maintained robustness from the Transition Stage (Grades 3-4) onwards. SHAP analysis supported the physiological plausibility of the non-linear model. This study clarifies the micro‑physiological basis of crow's feet aging and establishes a stage-specific dual-track predictive framework, providing an objective, standardized approach for skin aging assessment.

BACKGROUND:Xerosis, marked by a compromised skin barrier and disrupted lipid metabolism, leads to dryness, scaling, and itching. Ceramide and natural oil-based moisturizers can improve skin hydration and barrier repair, but their effects on lipid networks and microbiome interactions have not been well understood. METHODS:A multicenter, randomized, self-controlled study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a body lotion formulated with ceramides and natural oils in the management of xerosis. The lotion was applied daily to one leg for 4 weeks, with the other leg as a control. Skin radiance, skin scaliness, skin smoothness, stratum corneum hydration, transepidermal water loss, and pH were measured at various intervals. Lipidomics and microbiomics analyses evaluated changes in lipid metabolism and microbial structure. RESULTS:The body lotion enhanced skin hydration, radiance, and smoothness, while decreasing TEWL and scaling. Lipidomics showed higher levels of essential lipids in the treatment group. Microbiome analysis revealed increased diversity, with more Firmicutes and Cutibacterium and less Proteobacteria, indicating improved skin barrier and microbial balance. CONCLUSION:This body lotion effectively alleviates dryness, significantly improving skin hydration, barrier function, and texture. It achieves these benefits by restoring the skin's lipid balance and optimizing the microbial community, with lipid-microbiome crosstalk identified as a key mechanism. This multi-omics insight provides a foundation for the targeted management of dry skin.

Background Skin aging arises from both intrinsic processes and extrinsic factors, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation being the primary extrinsic cause of photoaging. However, the molecular mechanisms that differentiate these processes across the human lifespan remain incompletely characterized. Objective This study aimed to comprehensively compare the dynamic transcriptomic profiles of photoaged (neck, high UV exposure) and intrinsically aged (chest, low UV exposure) skin across three age groups (young, middle-aged, elderly), and to integrate these findings with biophysical skin measurements. Methods We performed transcriptomic analysis on skin biopsies from the neck and chest of 30 healthy female volunteers (n = 10 per age group). This was followed by differential gene expression, Gene Ontology (GO), and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. The molecular findings were then correlated with an extensive panel of biophysical skin parameters assessing barrier function, elasticity, pigmentation, and microstructure. Results Photoaged neck skin exhibited accelerated age-dependent transcriptomic dysregulation, marked by enrichment in pathways related to DNA damage response (e.g., CHEK1), stress signaling (e.g., MAPK/STK3), metabolic reprogramming (e.g., AMPK/PPARG), and oncogenic transformation (e.g., WNT10B). A persistent pseudo-inflammatory state, mirrored by herpes simplex virus 1 infection pathway enrichment, was also observed. Notably, sirtuin expression (SIRT1, SIRT5) was severely depleted in photoaged skin, with SIRT1 specifically linked to attenuated AMPK signaling in middle age. In contrast, intrinsic aging in chest skin involved a more gradual decline in homeostatic processes like metabolism and immune vigilance. Comparative analysis further revealed UV-specific disruption in gap junction assembly and cytoskeletal organization, and in elderly skin, activation of pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) confirmed strong links between key gene expression patterns (e.g., FGFBP1 with erythema, CHEK1 with age) and clinical skin aging phenotypes. Conclusion Our study provides a high-resolution molecular map of human skin aging, demonstrating that UV radiation does not merely accelerate but fundamentally rewires the aging network, driving pathways distinct from intrinsic aging. Key identified drivers include sirtuin depletion, aberrant stress signaling, and a chronic pseudo-inflammatory response, offering novel targets for anti-photoaging interventions.

BACKGROUND:Skin aging results in skin barrier damage and skin wrinkles. Oral Colla Corii Asini (CCA) can show significant antiaging effects. However, few studies have investigated the skin's antiaging effects of topical CCA. Here, we investigated and compared the effects of CCA crushed (CCAC) and its enzymatic digest, CCA oligopeptide (CCAO), on skin barrier function and wrinkle formation. METHODS:CCAO and CCAC were prepared by enzymatic digestion and pulverization. HaCaT cells and HSF cells were selected as in vitro cell models. Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were detected by MTT assay; scratch assay was used to evaluate the effect on cell migration; quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to determine the changes in expression of the barrier-related molecules (AQP3, FLG, and LOR) and antiwrinkle firming-related molecules (COL-1, COL-3, ELN, and MMP-1). RESULTS:MTT assay showed no significant cytotoxicity of CCAO and CCAC at < 2.5 mg/mL. After treating the cells with safe doses of CCAO and CCAC, HaCaT cell proliferation and migration were significantly enhanced, and there was no difference between the two effects. The expression levels of AQP3, FLG, and LOR were all significantly increased compared with the NC group, in which CCAO mainly promoted FLG and LOR expression, while CCAC mainly promoted the expression of AQP3. At the same time, CCAO and CCAC also significantly upregulated the expression levels of COL-1, COL-3 and ELN, and downregulated MMP-1 expression in HSF cells, and the effect of CCAO was more significant. CONCLUSION:Topical application of CCA improves the skin barrier, increases collagen levels, and enhances skin elasticity, thus slowing down skin aging. CCAO is more easily absorbed and utilized by the skin due to its small molecular weight, which gives a better effect.

Cinnamaldehyde (CIN), which is a cosmetic fragrance allergen regulated by the European Union, can induce allergic contact dermatitis in consumers, reducing their quality of life. Autophagy may be associated with the dendritic cell (DC) response to chemical sensitizers. We hypothesized that CIN would activate DCs through autophagy during skin sensitization. In this study, Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 cells (THP-1 cells) were used as an in vitro DC model, and we evaluated the expression of cell activation markers, intracellular oxidative stress, and autophagy pathway-related genes in response to CIN in THP-1 cells. CIN exposure activated THP-1 cells, which presented increases in CD54 and CD86 expression and ROS generation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes that were differentially expressed after CIN stimulation were mostly associated with autophagy. The autophagy markers LC3B, p62, and ATG5 had upregulated mRNA and protein levels after CIN exposure. Furthermore, the effects of the autophagy inhibitor Baf-A1 and the autophagy activator rapamycin were investigated on CIN-treated cells. Pretreatment with Baf-A1 in THP-1 cells impaired autophagic flux and dramatically promoted cell activation and oxidative stress triggered by CIN. Conversely, rapamycin inhibited cell activation and the ROS content in CIN-challenged cells while increasing autophagy levels via a reduction in mTOR expression. These results suggest that the autophagy pathway has a pivotal influence on the regulation of CIN-induced activation in THP-1 cells, which provides new insight into the pathogenesis and precise therapeutic strategies for ACD.

BackgroundSkin type has a strong influence on how sensitive skin develops, with oily skin accounting for a larger proportion of sensitive skin. However, there has not been a scientifically sound questionnaire for determining oily sensitive (OS)-type skin in prior studies.ObjectivesIn order to identify OS-type skin in the general population, we therefore intend to create an OS-type skin evaluation questionnaire, develop various thresholds through data analysis and classify skin based on two dimensions of sensitivity and oiliness.MethodsA questionnaire with questions regarding subjects' basic information, skin oiliness and skin sensitivity was given to each individual who participated in the study (n = 1297). To define the thresholds for OS-type skin, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The results of the lactic acid stinging test (LAST) and noninvasive instrument information obtained were compared with the thresholds mentioned above to verify the effectiveness of this tool.ResultsAccording to the ROC curves, questionnaire cut-off values of 11.5, 20.5 and 29.5 can be used to detect mildly, moderately and severely sensitive skin, respectively. In addition, the questionnaire cut-off values of 22.5 and 31.5 can be used to detect moderately and severely oily skin, respectively. According to our study, the four sensitive-skin groups' LAST scores differed significantly from one another, while the skin sebum levels differed significantly between the three oily groups. Additionally, the EI and LAST scores were significantly correlated with skin sensitivity levels, whereas sebum, moisture and EI were positively correlated with skin oiliness levels.ConclusionsWe developed an OS-type skin evaluation questionnaire that has been tested and shown scientifically to be a promising method for evaluating OS-type skin and to completely examine the traits of sensitive and oily skin. ContexteMethodesConclusionsLe type de peau a une forte influence sur la sensibilite de la peau, avec une peau grasse representant une plus grande proportion de peaux sensibles. Cependant, il n'y a pas eu de questionnaire scientifiquement fiable pour determiner le type de peau sensible grasse (OS) dans les etudes anterieures.ObjectifsAfin d'identifier la peau grasse et sensible dans la population generale, nous avons donc l'intention de creer un questionnaire d'evaluation de la peau grasse et sensible, d'elaborer differents seuils par l'analyse des donnees et de categoriser a partir de deux dimensions de sensibilite et d'etat huileux.Un questionnaire comprenant des questions sur les informations de base des sujets, la secretion de sebum de la peau et la sensibilite cutanee a ete distribue a chaque individu ayant participe a l'etude (n = 1297). Pour definir les seuils des peaux grasse et sensible, des courbes sensibilite/specificite (receiver-operating characteristic, ROC) ont ete generees. Les resultats du test de picotement a l'acide lactique (LAST) et les informations obtenues a l'aide d'instruments non invasifs ont ete compares aux seuils mentionnes ci-dessus pour verifier l'efficacite de cet outil.ResultatsSelon les courbes ROC, des valeurs limites du questionnaire de 11,5, 20,5 et 29,5 peuvent etre utilisees pour detecter une sensibilite cutanee legere, moderee et severe, respectivement. De plus, les valeurs de seuil du questionnaire de 22,5 et 31,5 peuvent etre utilisees pour detecter respectivement une peau moderement et severement grasse. Selon notre etude, les scores LAST des quatre groupes a peau sensible differaient significativement les uns des autres, tandis que les taux de sebum cutane differaient significativement entre les trois groupes a peau grasse. De plus, les scores IE et LAST etaient significativement correles avec les taux de sensibilite cutanee, tandis que le sebum, l'humidite et l'IE etaient positivement correles avec les taux de graisse cutane.Nous avons developpe un questionnaire d'evaluation de la peau grasse et sensible qui a ete teste et qui s'est avere scientifiquement etre une methode prometteuse pour evaluer la peau grasse et sensible et pour examiner completement les caracteristiques de la peau sensible et grasse. In this work, we created a new questionnaire that will serve as the first specialized evaluation tool for determining the severity of oily sensitive (OS)-type skin and developed various thresholds through data analysis to classify skin based on two dimensions of sensitivity and oiliness.image

BACKGROUND:Most studies have discussed variations in facial skin colour based on age, gender, and anatomical site within a specific ethnic group. However, skin pigmentation on the body is also a concern for many people.AIM:The aim of this study is to gather baseline data for Chinese young females, conduct a comprehensive assessment of body skin pigmentation, and create a body skin pigmentation map.METHOD:Individual type angle (ITA°) was registered by CL 400 and melanin index (MI) was registered by MX 18 in 100 body points of 20 Chinese females. A total of 12,000 measurements were recorded.RESULT:Our results showed significant differences among the symmetrical points on both sides of the body, including the clavicle, inner wrists, groin, inner ankle, elbow, armpit, waist side, the space between the thumb and index finger, instep, back shoulder, and popliteal space. Of all the points tested on the body, the points with the most severe skin pigmentation were the back of the neck, the heel, the elbow, and the popliteal space.CONCLUSION:This is the first comprehensive study of skin pigmentation conducted on the human body. In young Chinese women, the points with the most severe skin pigmentation were the back of the neck, heels, elbows, and the popliteal space.

Skin barrier impairment is becoming increasingly common due to changes in lifestyle and modern living environments. Oily sensitive skin (OSS) is a condition that is characterized by an impaired skin barrier. Thus, examining the differences between OSS and healthy skin will enable a more objective evaluation of the characteristics of OSS and facilitate investigations of potential treatments. Initially, a self-assessment questionnaire was used to identify patients with OSS. Biophysical measurements and LAST scores were used to determine whether skin barrier function was impaired. Epidermal biophysical properties, including skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content, erythema index (EI), and a* value, were measured with noninvasive instruments. We subsequently devised a noninvasive D-square sampling technique to identify changes in the skin metabolome in conjunction with an untargeted metabolomics analysis with an Orbitrap Q ExactiveTM series mass spectrometer. In the stratum corneum of 47 subjects, 516 skin metabolites were identified. In subjects with OSS, there was an increase in the abundance of 15 metabolites and a decrease in the abundance of 48 metabolites. The participants with OSS were found to have the greatest disruptions in sphingolipid and amino acid metabolism. The results revealed that an impaired skin barrier is present in patients with OSS and offers a molecular target for screening for skin barrier damage.

Sensitive skin (SS) is a common cutaneous condition that seriously affects people's quality of life, but studies of sensitive skin pathogenesis are unclear, the exploration are ongoing, and the biophysical properties of sensitive skin disagree with the study results. In this paper, we summarize the noninvasive biophysical and imaging instrumental methods used for sensitive skin and provide support for the classification of sensitive skin subtypes to prescribe precise treatment. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines for articles from January 1971 to May 2022 that used noninvasive biophysical or imaging methods to monitor adult subjects with sensitive skin. The quality of the included articles was determined based on 22 items of the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. A total of 55 studies were included, representing 8 biophysical and 5 imaging methods and their applications in treatment efficacy evaluation studies. The biophysical parameter and cutaneous morphological property changes in sensitive skin subjects were observed. The quality of the studies was relatively low, and there was high variability in results between studies. Several parameters have shown tremendous potential in exploring the pathogenesis with different sensitive skin subtypes: type I may be detected with higher transepidermal water loss and lower stratum corneum hydration values, as well as with thinner epidermis with a shallower and more irregular honeycomb structure; Type II and III are more prone to higher blood flow, lower current perception threshold than normal skin. This systematic review identifies key reasons for the lack of uniform trends in noninvasive measurements and recommends the use of effective selection instruments or relevant parameters to explore the pathogenesis of sensitive skin, and to differentiate the subtypes of sensitive skin for achieving the precise treatment.

In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the"2 out of 3"principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.

Many Chinese wrinkle studies continue to use non-Chinese scales because few Chinese-based wrinkle scales have been developed. The study aims to develop a crow's feet grading scale for Chinese individuals. We enrolled 608 healthy Chinese subjects and measured data through the DermaTOP system. We chose exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to reduce the dimensions of the data. A three-factor structure was obtained by using EFA, and it explained a cumulative total of 89.551% of the variance. A computational formula was obtained by calculating the total factor tilt scores and taking the variance contribution rate of three factors as the weight. Based on the computational formula, a grading map was designed and tested. The model validation was conducted using both subjective assessments from the expert panel and objective results from the model calculations. The results showed that our grading scale model is stable. This study developed a Chinese crow's feet (CCF) grading scale, which included a parameter, a grading map, and literal descriptions. The CCF grading scale is a validated tool for evaluating the effects of cosmetics or specific therapies. More importantly, the CCF scale was developed based on objective data, which may inspire new ideas for wrinkle grading scale development in the future.

为了构建改善毛孔的多维解决策略,本研究开发了以二肽-15、凝血酸、肌肽为基础成分,分别复配有机酸和生物碱的两种精华液,并以主客观结合的方法评价其改善毛孔的效果.结果显示,前者在有效增强皮肤屏障功能、提高皮肤弹性、抑制皮脂过度分泌和抑制毛孔体积增大方面作用显著;后者可以显著增强皮肤屏障功能、增加皮肤弹性,并降低毛孔可见度.可见,本研究建立的两种多维解决策略对于改善毛孔粗大具有较好的有效性和安全性.

BackgroundThe semiactive or inactive probiotics or their extracts used in dermatology have interesting properties to ameliorate signs of irritated skin and enhance the skin barrier. Bifidobacterium, as the most common probiotics, which has been found to be effective in reducing acne and improving the skin barrier function of atopic dermatitis. Bifida Ferment Lysate (BFL) can be obtained from Bifidobacterium by fermentation and extraction. PurposeIn this study, we investigated the effect of a topically used BFL on the skin using in vitro evaluation methods. ResultsThe results showed that upregulation of skin physical barrier gene (FLG, LOR, IVL, TGM1, and AQP3) and antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP and hBD-2) in HaCaT cells by BFL might be responsible for skin barrier resistance. In addition, BFL had strong antioxidant properties representing a dose-dependent increasing of the scavenging capacity of DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl, and superoxide radicals. BFL treatment also fundamentally inhibited the intracellular ROS and MDA production and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT and GSH-Px) in H2O2-stimulated HaCaT cells. As a good immunomodulatory factor, BFL efficiently decreased the secretion of IL-8 and TNF-alpha cytokines, and COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages. ConclusionBFL can strengthen the skin barrier function and stimulate skin barrier resistance, to reinforce the skin against oxidative stress and inflammatory stimuli.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) triggers a severe hypersensitivity syndrome in the occupational population dependent on dendritic cells (DCs). Chloral hydrate (CH), the major oxidative metabolite of TCE, has been proved to be the culprit causative substance of TCE-induced hypersensitivity by human patch tests. Because redox imbalance is essential for chemical sensitizers-induced maturation of DCs, we predicted that CH would activate DCs by the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response. This study selected THP-1 cells as the in vitro DC model, and we evaluated the cell activation markers, intracellular oxidative stress, and Nrf2 pathway related genes expression in response to CH in THP-1 cells. CH displayed significant stimulation of THP-1 cells activation, including CD54 and CD86 expression, IL-8 release, and cell migration, and damaged the redox balance by triggering ROS generation, GSH consumption, and antioxidase activities modulation. The levels of Nrf2 and its downstream genes (HO-1 and NQO1) in mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated by CH, and CH also promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Subsequently, we investigated the effects of antioxidant on Nrf2-mediated cell defense in CH treated cells. Pretreatment with curcumin dramatically reduced cell activation and oxidative stress triggered by CH in THP-1 cells. We also confirmed the specific role of Nrf2 in CH-induced cell activation using NRF2-knockout cells. Deficiency of Nrf2 inhibited cell activation and downregulated HO-1 and NQO1 expression in CH-challenged cells. These findings suggest that Nrf2-dependent redox homeostasis plays a pivotal role in CH-induced activation of THP-1 cells, thereby providing new knowledge of the allergen as well as the molecular mechanism involving in TCE-induce hypersensitivity syndrome.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a recurring allergic skin disease that has a high incidence. Orally applied Bifidobacteria ameliorate signs of irritated skin and enhance the skin barrier. The present study investigated the safety and efficacy of a topically used cell‐free culture supernatant (CFS) from a Bifidobacterium infantis strain using in vitro evaluation methods. The results showed that CFS had strong free radical scavenging activity on DPPH, ABTS, ·OH and O2‐radicals. CFS treatment fundamentally reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH‐Px) in H2O2‐treated HaCaT cells. Notably, the upregulation of skin physical barrier gene (FLG, LOR, IVL, AQP3 and TGM1) expression and skin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP, hBD‐2 and hBD‐3) expression by CFS might contribute to skin barrier resistance. CFS was non‐irritating to the skin and eyes. CFS from the Bifidobacterium infantis strain had strong antioxidant properties on the skin and strengthened skin barrier function, and it was safe for topical use.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common industrial organic solvent and environmental contaminant. People are exposed to TCE through occupational contact or environmental pollution, which leads to serious human health hazards. A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the TCE-induced multi-target organ toxicity. However, the research of related signaling pathways remains to be deepened. In this review, we summarized the epidemiological, animal, and cellular studies correlated to liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, cardiac developmental toxicity, placental developmental toxicity, neurodevelopmental toxicity, and autoimmune response induced by TCE. In addition, the possible molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in TCE-induced toxicity were concluded, including DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and abnormal activation of the immune system. Through literature review, we proposed that nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 may play an important role in mediating TCE-induced target organ toxicity, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of adverse health effects caused by TCE.

猪胸腺提取物提取自幼猪胸腺,具有很高的医疗价值以及美容功效,本文主要探讨由北京修正制药有限公司生产的猪胸腺提取物应用于化妆品中的抗氧化及保湿功效探究,使用羟自由基清除法评价猪胸腺提取物的抗氧化能力,使用测试皮肤水合率和测试经皮水分散失方法评价猪胸腺提取物的保湿能力.结果显示猪胸腺提取物从0.625％浓度起即具有清除羟自由基的能力,7％浓度时具有达81.27％的羟自由基清除率,具有优秀的抗氧化能力;该提取物也可提高皮肤水合率,降低经皮肤水分散失率,具有一定程度的保湿功效.猪胸腺提取物是具有抗氧化以及保湿功效的一款化妆品原料.

以主客观结合方法对一款含鲜奶面霜进行单次和长期使用后的保湿功效研究,评价鲜牛奶作为保湿剂在护肤品中的保湿性能.选择30名18～55周岁女性受试者为研究对象,采用随机双盲安慰剂对照的实验设计,通过无创仪器检测并记录实验组和对照组受试者使用对应产品0 min、30 min、1 h、3 h、6 h、14 d、28 d时脸颊处角质层水分含量、经皮失水率值及VISIA-CR全脸拍摄图像,并收集受试者主观评价结果,借助SPSS数据统计软件对实验结果进行统计分析.结果显示,与不含鲜奶的基质相比,含鲜奶面霜对面部角质层水分含量的提高、经皮失水率的改善、肌肤泛红等问题的改善都具有显著作用,说明鲜牛奶作为保湿剂添加到护肤品中,具有良好的补水保湿、增强皮肤屏障功能的作用.