The regenerative properties of p-tyrosol were investigated in a model of testicular insufficiency caused by a toxic effect on spermatogonial stem cells (single administration of paclitaxel in the maximum tolerable dose). Against the background of p-tyrosol administration, we observed an increase in the number of normal spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, stimulation of spermatogenesis, and renewal of the spermatogenic tissue. The treatment with p-tyrosol also led to a decrease in DNA damage in cells of the testicular tissue. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the level of free radicals, an increase in antioxidant protection, and normalization of the redox potential.

The mucus layer covers all the internal surfaces of the body. The surfaces communicate with the external environment. The functions of the mucus layer are determined by its components, including glycoproteins that provide physical and chemical protection to the epithelium. The glycoproteins also perform the exchange function with the external environment. Even at the dawn of evolution, glycoproteins were exteriorly organized to protect the first multicellular animals from external microorganisms, pathogens, and toxins. It is interesting to note that the structure of the glycoproteins has similarities with the structure of antibodies, especially in terms of the relatively constant polypeptide chain and its glycosylated sections, containing oligosaccharide chains with different variants of monosaccharides. The review discusses modern concepts of the mucus layer evolution, the structure of glycoproteins, the peculiarities of its synthesis, degradation, and under-researched functions of the mucus layer. It is assumed that the mucus layer has virucidal and bactericidal capabilities due to circulating enzymes of the digestive tract, which can accumulate in the mucus layer and degrade any microorganisms, regardless of their variation, mutations, and recombination. Therefore, the normal production of digestive tract enzymes can provide non-specific protection from external pathogens entering through open systems of the body. Understanding these processes can significantly limit the spread of existing and new infections.

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder in older men. It is characterized by the development of glandularstromal hyperplasia of the prostate with the formation of new glandular structures and subsequent symptoms from the lower urinary tract. It has now been established that the pathogenesis of this disease is multifactorial and one of the possible mechanisms for the development of BPH is oxidative stress. Purpose. Study of the effect of phenols with a bulky isobornyl substituent (2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol and 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol)on the growth of experimental BPH and the antioxidant balance of prostate cells in comparison with Prostamol Uno. Materials and мethods. Experiments were carried out on 50 male Wistar rats. BPH was caused by daily administration of sulpiride (60 days) to male rats of late reproductive age. After 2 months, the animals were weighed and sacrificed in a CO2 chamber. The mass, mass coefficient, volume of the lateral lobe of the pancreas were determined, morphological analysis was performed. Investigated prooxidant and antioxidant activity. The results were processed by the method of variation statistics using the Mann-Whitney nonparametric U test. Results. The efficacy of the investigated drugs in BPH decreased in the following sequence: sulpiride + substance 4-hydroxymethyl-2,6-diisobornylphenol (HDB) → sulpiride + substance Dibornol (DB) → sulpiride + Prostamol Uno (PU). When comparing the results of evaluating the anti-prooxidant status with the therapeutic effect of the studied drugs, it was found that isobornylphenols, which are highly effective as prostatotropic drugs, did not show a more significant effect, compared to PU, on the redox potential of prostatic tissue cells. Conclusions. Drugs DB, HDB, PU have a normalizing effect on the level of severity of redox reactions in the sulpiride model of BPH.

Изучено влияние мексидола, дигидрокверцитина, диборнола и пара-тирозола на количество ДНК-повреждений и редокс-потенциал в клетках тестикулярной ткани крыс. Установлено, что в условиях ДНК-повреждений клеток сперматогенной ткани все исследуемые соединения, кроме мексидола, снижали в клетках число разрывов ДНК и оказывали нормализующее действие на их редокс-потенциал. Наибольшая терапевтическая активность выявлялась у дигидрокверцетина. The effect of mexidol, dihydroquercetin, dibornol and paratyrosol on the amount of DNA damage and the redox potential in rat testicular tissue cells was studied. It was established, that all studied compounds, except mexidol, reduced the number of DNA breaks in the cells and had a normalizing effect on their redox potential under the conditions of DNA damage to spermatogenic tissue cells. The highest therapeutic activity was detected in dihydroquercetin.

The process of extraction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) requires operational monitoring, since there is a risk of destruction of the main proteins of the cell matrix at non-optimal parameters of the process. Using multiphoton microscopy the structure of collagen, the integrity of the cell membrane and the content of elastin in the process of isolation of ECM from various tissues of the rat body (brain, dermis, and muscle) has been studied. It has been shown that multiphoton microscopy is an effective tool for monitoring the quality of ECM extraction.

The effect of mexidol, dihydroquercetin, dibornol and paratyrosol on the amount of DNA damage and the redox potential in rat testicular tissue cells was studied. It was established, that all studied compounds, except mexidol, reduced the number of DNA breaks in the cells and had a normalizing effect on their redox potential under the conditions of DNA damage to spermatogenic tissue cells. The highest therapeutic activity was detected in dihydroquercetin.

The process of extraction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) requires operational monitoring since with non-optimal process parameters there is a risk of destruction of the basic proteins of the cell-matrix. Using multiphoton microscopy, the structure of collagen, the integrity of the cell membrane and the content of elastin in the process of isolation of ECM from various tissues of the rat organism (brain, dermis, muscle) were studied. It has been shown that multiphoton microscopy is an effective tool for monitoring the quality of ECM extraction.

The effect of phenolic antioxidants (dihydroquercetin, p-tyrosol, dibornol) on the morphology, functions, and redox processes in the reproductive cells of male rats was studied on the model of experimental pathospermia. All antioxidants reduced the percentage of degenerative forms of spermatozoa. Dibornol was most effective. Dihydroquercetin and p-tyrosol did not increase the total number of spermatozoa and the percentage of their mobile forms. These indicators were improved only by dibornol. After administration of all test drugs, the antioxidant potential of spermatozoa increased and did not significantly differ from the baseline values.

A course of dihydroquercetin (antioxidant) injections to 5-month-old Wistar rats with sulpiride-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia led to reduction of proliferative activity in the glandular structures and to attenuation of the inflammatory reaction in the tissue. Prostatic antioxidant/prooxidant balance returned to normal after the treatment.

The aim of the research was to study the influence of p-thyrozol on the morphology and antioxidant-prooxidant balance in prostate of rats at sulpiride-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. It was found that introduction of p-thyrozol promoted thwarting progress of pathological process that was proved by less degree of manifestation of proliferative processes in epithelium and of cellular infiltration of stroma. In addition, increase of antioxidant reserve of gland was registered.

The aim of the research was to study the influence of p-thyrozol on the morphology and antioxidant-prooxidant balance in prostate of rats at sulpiride-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia. It was found that introduction of p-thyrozol promoted thwarting progress of pathological process that was proved by less degree of manifestation of proliferative processes in epithelium and of cellular infiltration of stroma. In addition, increase of antioxidant reserve of gland was registered.

Целью нашего исследования явилось изучение редокс-соотношения как показателя окислительно-восстановительных процессов в тканевых гомогенатах отделов мозга и плазме крови крыс после перорального поступления нано- и микрочастиц TiO2. Использовали метод люминолзависимой хемилюминесценции для исследования общей антиоксидантной активности и свободных радикалов. Их соотношение определяли как редокс-соотношение. Было установлено дозозависимое увеличение редокс-соотношения в отделах мозга, которое свидетельствует о том, что наночастицы TiO2 проникают через гематоэнцефалический барьер. В мозжечке, коре лобной доли и таламическом мозге увеличение редокс-соотношения после введения наночастиц TiO2 в дозе 400 мг/кг значительно выше, чем в обонятельной луковице, заднем и среднем мозге, что свидетельствует о разной степени реакции отделов мозга. Введение микрочастиц TiO2 также вызывает повышение редокс-соотношения в отделах мозга, что свидетельствует о том, что TiO2 при любых структурных параметрах может обладать признаками нейротоксичности. Дозозависимое увеличение редокс-соотношения после введения наночастиц TiO2 и увеличение этого показателя после введения микрочастиц TiO2 было установлено и в плазме крови. Предполагается, что увеличение редокс-соотношения в отделах мозга связано с нарушением проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера после введения TiO2 и деградацией полисахаридных элементов внеклеточного матрикса.

: Behavior of a group of rats was observed visually and tape recorded continuously from day 19 till the end of 25-d hypomagnetic experiments. Results were statistically processed with the help of Statistica 6.0, time series spectral analysis, and cosinor analysis. The 25-d HM exposure was shown to suppress food-motivated behavior in the mornings on the background of step-up in serotoninergic processes in the brain, and exaggerate the intraspecific violent conduct at night. The hypogeomagnetic environment impacted diurnal system adaptability to the seasonal light period drifting and produced exo- and endogenous desynchronosis.

A method for fast air purification using high concentration aerosol of TiO(2) nanoparticles is evaluated in a model chemical catastrophe involving toxic vapors of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Mice are used as human model in a closed 100 dm(3) chamber. Exposure of mice to 37 ppm of DFP vapor for 15 min resulted in acute poisoning. Spraying TiO(2) aerosol in 2 min after the start of exposure to DFP vapors resulted in quick removal of DFP vapors from the chamber's air. Animals did not show signs of poisoning after the decontamination experiment and exposure to TiO(2) aerosol alone. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activity (AOA) of mice blood plasma were measured for animals exposed to sound of aerosol generator, DFP vapors, TiO(2) aerosol and DFP vapors+TiO(2) aerosol. Reduced ROS and increased AOA were found for mice exposure to sound, DFP and TiO(2) aerosol. Exposure to DFP and decontamination with TiO(2) nanoparticles resulted in decreased AOA in 48 h following the exposure. The results suggest that application of TiO(2) aerosol is a powerful method of air purification from toxic hydrolysable compounds with moderate health aftermaths and requires further study and optimization.

Investigation of complex physiologic processes in supraepithelial mucous layer of gastrointestinal tract both in norm and pathology gives deep understanding of pathological disturbances and brings to the search of new methods of pathogenetic therapeutic and surgical treatment

Main characteristica of polymerised and degraded glycoproteins of the gastrointestinal tract mucus were revealed. The correlation connections were found between antioxidant activity of the polymerised glycoproteins and their contents ofpolypeptides and M-acetylneuramine acid. In the soluble phase of the mucus (the degraded glycoproteins and other components of the mucus layer), the level of antioxidant activity correlated with the contents of hexosamines.