The study included 93 patients (mean age 56.8+/-7.2) with COPD; 22 presented with grade 1 COPD, 36 and 35 with grade II and 111 COPD respectively. The latter group displayed reduced absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in the small intestine, the degree of dysfunction increasing with the severity of the disease, degenerative/dystrophic changes in intestinal mucosa, and deterioration of its regenerative potential. The data obtained are interpreted in the context of the relationship between the functional/structural properties of intestinal mucosa and clinical manifestations. The body mass deficit in COPD patients was shown to positively correlate with the reduction of absorption of fats (r=0.55), proteins (r=0. 71), and carbohydrates (r=0.48) in the small intestine.

At patients chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) average degree of gravity and heavy stages decrease absorption functions of a thin gut is established concerning fats, protein, carbohydrates, progressing with weight of disease, a degree of degenerate-dystrophic changes of a mucous membrane of a thin gut with its infringement regeneration potentialities. The received data are interpreted in a context of interrelation of function, structure of a mucous thin gut and a clinical component. Direct correlation communications between deficiency of weight of a body of patients COPD and decrease absorption functions of a thin gut in the attitude are established albuminum (r = 0,71), fats (r = 0,55), carbohydrates (r = 0,48).

This study involved 525 breast cancer (BC) patients of T2-4N0-2M0 stages at the age of 35 years and older. Significant differences in clinical and pathological characteristics between premenopausal and postmenopausal BC patients were found. Mostly marked differences were shown for positive lymph node correlation with distant metastasis, multicentric growth and local recurrence depending on menopause status. The prevalence of various morphological structures in primary tumors was appeared to be associated with different forms of tumor progression in pre- and postmenopausal women. We have studied polymorphisms in 15 genes involved in major cancer related pathways (apoptosis, interleukins, folate metabolism enzymes genes). We found that variant genotypes of MTHFR and DHFR genes were associated with an increased BC risk among premenopausal women while polymorphism in IL-18, p53 genes were associated with BC among postmenopausal women. These results demonstrate novel biological information, which points the different mechanisms contributed to breast cancer progression in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

A rare clinical case of primary malignant tumor of the heart (hystotype: leiomyosarcoma) with metastatic involvement of the lung parenchyma has been presented. The case is of interest with respect to difficulties in diagnosis, disease pattern and results of tool examination.

A rare case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung has been presented, and difficulties in differential diagnosis have been described.

The aim of present investigation was to study the interaction of cells APUD-systems with endometrium proliferative processes under hyperplastic processes and cancer. We examined 184 women, of which 135 patients were diagnosed hyperplastic proccesses of endometrium, 34 women had a cancer of endometriae. Evaluation of interacting apudocyte guantitative and gualitative analysis with the degree of endometrium differentiation and exchange-endocrine disturbances has been conducted. Moreover the influence of APUD-system cells on the proliferative activity was studied. It has been revealed that the number of endocrine cells increases to 24,6±2,3 under hyperplastic processes. Apudocyte content was 105,6±12,04 in case of early cancer and 120±12,04 under terminal cancer. These data suggest, that the number of apudocytes in endometrum parenchima increased with rising degree of endometrium cancer differentiation. Analysis of interactions between apudocytes amount and exchange-endocrine distur-bances revealed that the last occurred in patients with apudocytes in endometrium in 92% of cases and without apudocytes in 51%. Moreover, it has been found connection of endometrium proliferative activity with presence of apudocytes. There was observed an enhancement of proliferative activity while deteriorating morphological reconstruction of premalignant changes of endometrium and 1,5-2-fold decrease of endometrium apudocytes number in women had apudocytes in endometrium.

The purpose of the investigation was to study the specific features and the course of Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer (DU) concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis (CO) A hundred and twenty-seven patients with H. pylori-associated DU were examined. Of them 78 patients were found to have H. pylori-associated DU concurrent with CO. In mixed pathology, asthenovegetative disorders were observed in most patients, one third had eosinophilia. With an over 10-year history of CO, acid production and pepsin secretion substantially decreased in both phases of gastric secretion. Mucosal atrophic changes were found mainly in the antral portion of the stomach, which frequency correlated with the duration of Opisthorchis invasion. The incidence of atrophic duodenitis tripled. All the patients received eradication therapy by the classical first-line treatment regimen including omeprazole and the antibiotics clarithromycin and amoxicillin. In the mixed pathology group, the time of ulcerative defect scarring increased by an average of 5 days. Fifty-eight with pathology continuously receiving the antisecretoty agent underwent dehelminthization with the anthelminthic bilthricide in 33 patients and with the plant anthelminthic dry aspen bark extract in 25. Evaluation of the efficiency of eradication therapy indicated that the best results of H. pylori eradication had been achieved in the patients dehelminthized with bilthricide. Assessment of long-term results showed that after multimodality therapy (eradication followed by bilthricide dehelminthization), there were no relapses for 2 years and there was a drop in the number of patients resorting to on-request therapy in patients with H. pylori-associated DU concurrent with CO.

The study included 78 patients who underwent subtotal distal resections for gastric cancer. Forty-four patients received postoperative endoscopic lasertherapy and 34 patients were treated with drug therapy. Endoscopic examination and morphologic analysis of biopsy specimens from gastrointestinal anastomosis area and mucosa of stomach stump were performed. The analysis of data obtained showed that drug therapy resulted in elimination of inflammation of gastric mucosa and anastomosis area for a short period of time but failed to prevent from the development and progression of atrophic processes in the resected stomach. As concerns the endoscopic lasertherapy, it not only stabilized epithelial integument and considerably reduced inflammatory processes in stroma but also slowed down the processes in mucosa reorganization that was shown in the absence of atrophic processes within one year.

Morphofunctional changes in the bronchial mucosa were studied in 33 patients with stage 3 lung cancer. The patients underwent intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) in a dose of 15 Gy, using cisplatine as a radiosensitizer. No degenerative changes in the bronchial epithelium were found 2 weeks after IORT. Basal cell proliferation was observed, goblet cells were reduced in size and the basement membrane was thickened and twisted. Epithelial reparation due to pronounced local basal cell proliferation was observed 3 months later. A year later, the mucosa was covered with the multinuclear cylindrical epithelium and the cover of ciliated cells was preserved. The functional activity of goblet cells was in the normal range and scanty lymphoplasmocytic infiltration was found in the stroma. With IORT without radiosensitization, the damaged epithelium was regenerated due to the reserved cells coming from the damaged margins with the formation of an epidermoid regenerative layer and subsequent cell differentiation. Moderate sclerosis occurred in the stroma. A year later the bronchial epithelium was characterized by moderate goblet cell hyperplasia with preserved functional activity. Thus, IORT caused mucosal damage as alteration, dystrophy, and desquamation of the epithelium. Subsequently, the bronchial epithelium recovered through reparative regeneration.

The level of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in bronchial alveolar lavage was determined in 110 patients with simple chronic bronchitis and bronchial epithelium dysplasia. The analysis showed that cytokines had the anti-inflammatory regulatory effect on the surface of bronchus mucosa. The most pronounced changes in lacal production of cytokines were observed in patients with bronchial catarrh and grade I-II dysplasia of bronchial epithelium. Cytokine unbalance was observed in patients with catarrhalsclerosal bronchitis and grade II-III grade dysplasia of bronchial epithelium, however the differences from the control values were inconsiderable.