Background. Lymphogenous metastasis in Ewing sarcoma is a relatively rare and poorly studied event associated with aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. Until now, no risk factors for lymphogenous metastasis in patients with Ewing sarcoma are reported. The purpose of the study was to evaluate tumor characteristics as predictors for lymphogenous metastasis and to create a mathematical model for assessing the risk of developing lymph node metastases in patients with Ewing sarcoma. Material and Methods. Clinical characteristics of the tumor were studied in 88 patients with Ewing sarcoma: in 8 patients with lymphogenous metastasis and in 80 patients having no lymphogenous metastasis. The primary tumor in all patients with lymphogenous metastasis was found to have an extraskeletal origin. Morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the tumor were studied in 31 patients with Ewing sarcoma: in 8 patients with lymphogenous metastasis and in 23 patients without lymphogenous metastasis. Results. Statistical analysis and comparative evaluation of the characteristics of the immunophenotype and histological pattern of the tumor in the two studied groups showed significant differences regarding several of them: the structure of nuclear crowding (fusion of nuclei), focal hemorrhages, nuclear normochromasia, and positive expression of cytokeratins by tumor cells. The above signs (except for nuclear normochromasia) were the basis for creating a mathematical model capable of predicting the risk of lymphogenous metastases in Ewing sarcoma. Conclusion. The revealed association with lymphogenous metastasis of cytokeratin expression can be considered as indirect confirmation of the pathogenetic significance of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition in the mechanism of lymphogenous metastasis.

The paper presents two-year results of combined modality treatment of patients with stage III–IV (T3N0–1M0) locally advanced laryngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer. In the first phase of the treatment, all 24 patients included into the study, received preoperative RT with local hyperthermia. Preventive tracheostoma was not an obstacle for the treatment. Patients who achieved partial response or stable disease underwent surgery. In case of complete tumor regression (n=5), radiotherapy was continued up to the total dose of 66 Gy. Histological examination of surgical specimens revealed complete pathological response in all patients who received combined modality treatment. Regional metastases were revealed in 2 patients, and they subsequently underwent lymph node dissection. The overall 2-year survival rate was 100 % and 2-year metastasis-free survival was 91.7 %.

A rare case of thyroid carcinosarcoma has been presented. Clinical features of progression of this rare disease have been described. The detailed assessment of the histological pattern of metastatic spread of thyroid carcinocarcoma has been given. The main causes of unfavorable outcome of this disease have been analyzed.

Long-term results of successful treatment of giant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the esophagus with unfavorable prognostic factors have been presented.

The review presents the current clinical-morphological characteristics of benign and malignant types of giant cell tumors.

This review presents the current clinical morphological approaches to the prognostic assessment of synovial sarcoma providing the adequate option of treatment modalities.

Immediate response to preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel/carboplatin regimen was studied in 134 patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer using spiral computed tomography (SCT) and fibrobronchoscopy (FBS). SCT and FBS were found to have a high diagnostic efficacy. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SCT were 87,5 %, 96,7 % and 93,4 %. Concerning FBS, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 93,3 %, 96,7 %, 95,5 %. The data obtained show that endoscopic examination together with X-ray should be recommended for the assessment of the extent of tumor involvement after chemotherapy.