The review presents the history of establishing the Institute, studies and achievements of employees of the V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology' former regional campus in the city Novokuznetsk.

BACKGROUND. The appropriateness of the fibertracheobronchoscopy (FTBS) in patients with severe impaired consciousness, including with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), is still under debate. There is an ambiguous relation to FTBS performance. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Study of cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular index-grained resistance (ISSS), heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBP, BP Wed), extravascular lung water (EVLW), gas exchange (oxygenation index (RaO2 /FiO2 ), were held from 1 to 7 days of the acute period of stroke by 40 patients before and after FTBS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. In both groups, SI, SBP, DBP, Wed Blood pressure, heart rate are increased. ISSS is decreased. Increased PaO2 /FiO2 , difference 27,61±4,9 mm pt.ct. Chronic and acute endobronchitis 1—2 degrees were revealed using endoscopy. Conducting FTBS reduced respiratory failure, PaO2 /FiO2 is increased. Heart failure is cause of deterioration after FTBS. Initially low C (less than 2,5 l/min/m2 ), high ISSS (3000 dyn·s·cm-5·m2 ) contraindication to FTBS.

The article presents comparative evaluation of serum total oxidizing and total anti-oxidizing activity in reanimation patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury and ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Due to irregularity of experimental groups in a number of demographic and clinical indicators the new estimated indicator was proposed. The normalized coefficient of oxidation made it possible to apply comparative evaluation of expression of oxidative anti-oxidative imbalance in these groups. The characteristics are presented concerning the oxidative derangements in the studied groups during acute period of disease.

The article presents comparative evaluation of serum total oxidizing and total anti-oxidizing activity in reanimation patients with severe cranio-cerebral injury and ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Due to irregularity of experimental groups in a number of demographic and clinical indicators the new estimated indicator was proposed. The normalized coefficient of oxidation made it possible to apply comparative evaluation of expression of oxidative anti-oxidative imbalance in these groups. The characteristics are presented concerning the oxidative derangements in the studied groups during acute period of disease.

Delirium can greatly complicate progressing of TBI. Early diagnosis and intensive therapy optimization can improve the outcome. Retrospective-prospective study was performed in patients with severe TBI and delirium. 27 patients (mean age-40,8±3,3 years) were involved in experimental group and 25 patients (mean age 49,0±4,5 years) in control group. The ISS and the APACHE II scores were similar in both groups. Reamberin (Polisan, Russia) infusion (800 ml/day for 7 days after injury) was included in the therapy plan for the experimental group. Modifi ed RASS score was equal in both groups on the fi rst day (1,67±0,37 in experimental and 1,88±0,28 in control group), but later RASS score was lower in experimental group (0,71±0,30 and 1,41±0,26 (p=0,042) on the third day; 0,45±0,20 and 1,09±0,36 (p=0,012) on the 5th day; 0,22±0,14 and 1,00±0,39 (p=0,008) on the 7th day). The correlation of the modifi ed Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) score with the ISS score and with the length of stay in ICU was noted. Reamberin improves mental status in patients with severe TBI complicated by delirium, especially, with alcohol intoxication.

Objective: to study the time course of changes in extravascular lung water index (ELWI) and intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures (ICP and CPP) and to determine their possible relationships in acute cerebral circulatory disorders (ACCD). Subject and methods. ELWI, pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI), ICP, CPP, and central hemodynamics were studied by transpulmonary thermodilution and current X-ray studies were conducted in 18 patients on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of ACCD. Results. Examinations revealed a supratentorial dislocation of the brain in 6 persons; its subtento-rial dislocation was found in 1 case; supra- and subtentorial dislocations were seen in 6. In patients, ELWI and PVPI increased from days 1 and 5, respectively. The high baseline ICP increased over time. CPP remained unchanged. Preserved left ventricular contractility, enhanced myocardial one, a significant direct correlation between ELWI and PVPI, as well as their increase confirmed that the noncardiogenic genesis was responsible for increased ELWI. A direct significant correlation was found between ICP and ELWI, ICP and PVPI. Against this background, acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 14 patients with pneumonia evolving in its presence in 7 patients. Conclusion. In ACCD, ELWI increases in the first 24 hours of the acute period. One of its causes is, along with others, primary and/or secondary damage to the brainstem structures with elevated ICP and progressive brain dislocation. The determination of ICP, unlike CPP, is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of primary/secondary brain injuries and in prognosis. Key words: acute cerebral circulatory disorder, extravascular lung fluid, pulmonary vascular permeability, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Fifty-three patients aged 17-65 years who had severe brain injury (SBI) were examined and randomized to 2 groups: 1) 16 patients without complications; 2) 37 patients developed pneumonia (35.2%), bronchitis (32.4%), meningitis (10.8%), meningitis concurrent with pneumonia (8.1%), bedsores concurrent with bronchitis (13.5%) on days 4-7. The authors studied the immune status: the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes (CD+, a marker of adult lymphocytes; CD+, a marker of T helper/inductor cells, CD8+, a marker of cytotoxic lymphocytes, CD16+, a marker of natural killer cells, CD20+, a marker of B lymphocytes) by the indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies; the functional activity of lymphocytes from the expression of activation antigens, such as CD71+, CD25+, HLA-DR; serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) by the immunoturbidimetric technique using the test systems (Spinreakt, Spain). A control group included 23 apparently healthy individuals. Immunosuppression developing as significant T lymphopenia due to lower CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, as well as impaired humoral immunity with inadequate IgG generation was detected in the acute phase of SBI. The indicators reflecting the development of secondary pyoseptic complications were elevated CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes on day 7 and the higher lymphocytic expression of the activation antigens CD25+ and CD71+. The findings show that the diagnostic markers, such as CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, and CD71+ lymphocytes, should be included into a comprehensive examination of patients with SBI.

Objective: to study the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in victims with isolated severe brain injury (SBI). Subject and methods. 171 studies were performed in 16 victims with SBI. Their general condition was rated as very critical. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) non-ARDS; 2) Stage 1 ARDS; and 3) Stage 2 ARDS. The indicators of Stages 1 and 2 were assessed in accordance with the classification proposed by V. V. Moroz and A. M. Golubev. Intracranial pressure (ICP), extravascular lung water index, pulmonary vascular permeability, central hemodynamics, oxygenation index, lung anastomosis, the X-ray pattern of the lung and brain (computed tomography), and its function were monitored. Results. The hemispheric cortical level of injury of the brain with function compensation of its stem was predominantly determined in the controls; subcompensation and decompensation were ascertained in the ARDS groups. According to the proposed classification, these patients developed Stages 1 and 2 ARDS. When ARDS developed, there were rises in the level of extravascular lung fluid and pulmonary vascular permeability, a reduction in the oxygenation index (it was 6—12 hours later as compared with them), increases in a lung shunt and ICP; X-ray study revealed bilateral infiltrates in the absence of heart failure in Stage 2 ARDS. The correlation was positive between ICP and extravascular lung water index, and lung vascular permeability index (r>0.4;p<0.05). Conclusion. The studies have indicated that the classification proposed by V. V. Moroz and A. M. Golubev enables an early diagnosis of ARDS. One of its causes is severe brainstem injury that results in increased extravascular fluid in the lung due to its enhanced vascular permeability. The ICP value is a determinant in the diagnosis of secondary brain injuries. Key words: acute respiratory distress syndrome, extravascu-lar lung fluid, pulmonary vascular permeability, brain injury, intracranial pressure.

Objective: to study impairments in gas exchange and mechanical properties of the lung in relation to the pattern of a brain lesion in acute cerebral circulatory disorders (ACCD). Subjects and methods. Gas exchange (oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) and the degree of intrapulmonary blood shunting (Qs/Qt)), the mechanical properties of the lung (mean airway pressure (Р^^), airway resistance (Raw), static thoracopulmonary compliance (Cltst)), intracranial pressure (ICP) were studied and brain spiral computed tomography (SCT) was conducted on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of the acute phase of ACCD in 18 patients. Results. Pmean increased in both groups on days 3 to 7, rose from day 5 in the presence of hemorrhagic stroke. Cltst was decreased and Raw was increased. From day 3 of hemorrhagic stroke, Cltst significantly became lower and Raw was higher. PaO2/FiO2 decreased from day 5, more in hemorrhagic stroke and Qs/Qt increased. ICP persisted in the upper normal range in ischemic stroke and rose up to 27.5±2.7 mm Hg in hemorrhagic stroke. A strong inverse correlation was found between ICP and PaO2/FiO2. SCT revealed dislocation in 13 patients. Conclusion. Gas exchange and the mechanical properties of the lung are impaired in acute cerebral circulatory disorders. The causes of this are multiple, but one of them is dysfunction of the stem structures of the brain due to its dislocation in the presence of high intracranial pressure. In hemorrhagic stroke, the impairments in gas exchange and mechanical properties of the lung are more marked and develop earlier than in ischemic stroke. Key words: acute cerebral circulatory disorder, respiratory failure, gas exchange, mechanical properties of the lung, intracranial pressure.