This experiment was conducted to study the effects of new compound antioxidants on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidant function of cyan-shank partridge chickens. A total of 2 880 healthy 1-day old cyan-shank partridge chickens with similar weight were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group（basal diet）,vitamin E group（basal diet+ 100 mg/kg vitamin E）,ethoxyquin（EQ）group（basal diet+250 mg/kg EQ）,X1 group（basal diet+ 150 mg/kg new compound antioxidant）,X2 group（basal diet+300 mg/kg new compound antioxidant）,X3 group（basal diet + 450 mg/kg new compound antioxidant）,there were 8 replicates in each group,60 replicates in each group. The test period was 54 days. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the feed/gain（F/G）of cyan-shank partridge chickens aged 1 to 54 days in X1,X2,X3 groups significantly decreased（P＜0.05）;compared with EQ group and control group,the average daily gain（ADG）of cyan-shank partridge chickens aged 22 to 54 days and 1 to 54days in X3 group was significantly increased（P ＜0.05）. 2)Compared with the control group,the muscle brightness in X1,X2 and X3 groups decreased significantly（P＜0.05）;compared with EQ group and control group,the muscle shear force in X2 group and X3 group decreased significantly（P＜0.05）,and the muscle cooking loss in X2 group decreased significantly（P＜0.05）;compared with vitamin E group,EQ group and control group,the redness of muscle in X3 group was significantly increased（P＜0.05）. 3)Compared with the control group,the catalase（CAT）activity in serum of cyan-shank partridge chickens at 21 and 54 days of age in X1 group significantly increased（P＜0.05）,the glutathione peroxidase（GSH-Px）activity in serum of cyan-shank partridge chickens at 54 days of age in X2 group significantly increased（P＜0.05）,and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA）in kidney,heart and serum of cyan-shank partridge chickens at 21 and 54days of age significantly decreased（P＜0.05）;compared with vitamin E group,EQ group and control group,the activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD）in the kidney of cyan-shank partridge chickens at 21 and 54 days of age in X2 and X3 groups significantly increased（P＜0.05）,the activity of GSH-Px in the kidney and pectoral muscle of cyan-shank partridge chickens at 21 and 54 days of age in X3 group significantly increased（P＜0.05）,and the content of MDA in the pectoral muscle of cyan-shank partridge chickens at 21 and 54 days of age significantly decreased（P ＜ 0. 05）. It can be seen that the growth performance of cyan-shank partridge chickens can be significantly improved by adding new compound antioxidants to the feed,and 300 or450 mg/kg of new compound antioxidants can significantly improve the meat quality and antioxidant function of cyan-shank partridge chickens.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35（3）:1596-1609]

试验旨在探究陈化粮中添加新型复合抗氧化剂对肉鸭生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响.选取1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭400只,随机分为两组,每组4个重复,每个重复50只肉鸭.对照组饲喂由陈化粮组成的基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加500 mg/kg的新型复合抗氧化剂的饲粮,试验期40 d.结果表明:①在基础饲粮中添加新型复合抗氧化剂可以显著提高1～40日龄试验鸭只的平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),并显著降低1～40日龄及15～40日龄试验鸭的料重比(F/G)(P<0.05),但对1～14日龄试验鸭只的ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)和F/G均无显著影响(P>0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组可显著提高血清、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),显著提高肾脏GSH-Px活性及心脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和SOD活性(P<0.05),同时降低试验鸭只肾脏、心脏及胸肌丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05).由此可见,在陈化粮组成的基础饲粮中添加500 mg/kg新型复合抗氧化剂可以在一定程度上改善肉鸭生长性能并提高其抗氧化性能.

试验研究不同剂量抗氧化剂对猪浓缩料氧化稳定性的影响,比较单体抗氧化剂与复合抗氧化剂对浓缩料的保护效果.试验以25％猪浓缩料为研究对象,根据抗氧化剂的种类和剂量分13个组,分为对照组(不添加抗氧化剂)、单体抗氧化剂组(M-1、M-2、M-3、M-4、M-5、M-6)和复合抗氧化剂组(C-1、C-2、C-3、C-4、C-5、C-6),每组3个重复.样品置于37℃、60％湿度的恒温恒湿培养箱,每隔14 d进行取样,测定酸价(AV)、过氧化值(POV)和丙二醛(MDA)含量.试验期90 d.结果显示,第4～10周,对照组、C-1组、M-1组浓缩料的POV值均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);第2、10、12周,M-5组、M-6浓缩料组的POV值均显著低于其他组(P<0.05).第6～12周,C-1组、C-2组和M-1组浓缩料的MDA含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05);第10～12周,C-3组、C-4组、M-2组浓缩料的MDA含量显著高于C-5组、C-6组及M-3～M-6组浓缩料的MDA含量(P<0.05).研究表明,抗氧化剂的添加量越高,对浓缩料中油脂的保护效果越好.等浓度的60％单体抗氧化剂EQ对浓缩料中油脂的保护效果优于复合抗氧化剂;油脂含量为8％的猪浓缩料添加600 mg/kg的60％单体抗氧化剂EQ可以起到良好的保护效果.

试验旨在研究日粮中添加发酵饲料(Fermented feed,FF)对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉理化特性及风味的影响.选取体重相近、健康无病的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡36000羽,随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复1500羽.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加2.5％发酵饲料(2.5％FF组)、5.0％发酵饲料(5.0％FF组),试验期42 d.结果显示:与对照组相比,2.5％FF组肉鸡日采食量及日增重显著提高,料肉比无显著变化;2.5％FF组胸肌蒸煮损失较对照组显著降低;5.0％FF组胸肌b*值、蒸煮损失和剪切力均显著下降;2.5％FF组胸肌中甘氨酸含量显著提高,缬氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量显著降低;5.0％FF组胸肌中甘氨酸和肌苷酸含量显著提高,缬氨酸含量显著下降;2.5％FF组显著提高42日龄肉鸡胸肌中肉豆蔻酸、银杏酸和二十碳三烯酸的含量;5.0％FF组二十碳三烯酸含量显著提高,十七烷酸含量显著降低;2.5％FF组及5.0％FF组的挥发性风味物质(癸醛、十一醛、E-2-辛烯醛等)含量显著高于对照组.综上所述,试验条件下,添加2.5％FF可提高肉鸡生长性能;而添加5.0％FF对改善鸡肉理化特性及风味效果更佳.

为了解人工合成抗氧化剂乙氧基喹啉(EQ)和二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)对浓缩料的抗氧化保护效果,试验设置6个抗氧化组,分别为E1组(EQ 150 mg·kg-1)、E2组(EQ 300 mg·kg-1)、E3组(EQ 450 mg·kg-1)、B1组(BHT 91 mg·kg-1)、B2组(BTH 182 mg·kg-1)、B3组(BHT 273 mg·kg-1),同时设置1个不添加抗氧化剂的对照组(C组),进行为期90 d的贮存试验,分析不同水平EQ和BHT对浓缩料氧化值(POV值)、酸值(AV值)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果 表明:在第1～10周时,添加60％EQ各组的POV值与对应剂量BHT各组的POV值相比相对较低;在3～9周时,B1组POV值均显著高于其他各处理组(P＜0.05);而E2和E3组的POV值在3～12周时均显著低于其他各处理组(P＜0.05);在整个试验期内,添加两种抗氧化剂的试验组随着抗氧化剂添加量的增加,各组MDA含量均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,在6～12周时,E2和E3组MDA含量显著低于其他抗氧化荆组(P＜0.05).随着抗氧化剂添加量的增加其对浓缩料中油脂的保护效果越好;EQ对浓缩料中油脂的保护效果要优于等浓度的BHT;添加150 mg· kg-1的60％ EQ抗氧化剂对浓缩料中油脂的保护效果要优于有效成分是其3倍剂量的BHT.

本试验旨在研究饲料酸化剂和防霉剂对浓缩料中油脂的保护作用,为抗氧化剂在浓缩料中的应用提供理论依据.试验以25％的猪浓缩料为研究对象,随机分为6个处理组,分别为对照组K组(只添加抗氧化剂)、KM组(添加抗氧化剂和防霉剂)、KS1组(添加抗氧化剂和酸化剂1号)、KS2组(添加抗氧化剂和酸化剂2号)、KMS1组(添加抗氧化剂、防霉剂和酸化剂1号)、KMS2组(添加抗氧化剂、防霉剂和酸化剂2号),每个处理3个重复,试验期90 d.结果表明:在2～12周时,KMS2组过氧化值(POV)显著低于K组、KM组、KS1组和KS2组(P<0.01),且在数值上低于KMS1组,在第12周时,KMS2组POV值较其他各组分别显著降低18.89％、19.83％、13.08％、7.80％、9.93％(P<0.01);在整个试验期内KS1组、KS2组、KMS1组、KMS2组油脂酸价(AV)显著低于K组和KM组(P<0.01),在第12周时,KMS2组较K组和KM组分别显著降低2.75％和5.24％(P<0.01).综上,将抗氧化剂、酸化剂和防霉剂进行配合使用对饲料油脂的保护效果最好;且抗氧化剂、防霉剂与有机酸化剂的组合对油脂含量为8％的猪浓缩料的保护效果最佳.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">本试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌对脂多糖（LPS）应激仔猪肠道形态、肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力的影响。试验选用35日龄、平均体重为（10.0±0.5） kg的苏山猪90头,随机分成3组（对照组、LPS组和BL+LPS组）,每组3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。其中,对照组和LPS组仔猪均饲喂基础饲粮;BL+LPS组仔猪饲喂添加500 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌的基础饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期21 d,于正试期第21天从每个重复中选2头仔猪腹腔注射LPS（LPS组和BL+LPS组）或等量的灭菌生理盐水（对照组）,注射24 h后屠宰取样。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,LPS应激显著降低了仔猪十二指肠二胺氧化酶（DAO）、空肠一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）活性及空肠一氧化氮（NO）含量（P&lt;0.05）,显著提高了血浆中NO含量和NOS活性（P&lt;0.05）;显著降低了空肠绒毛高度和绒隐比、回肠绒隐比（P&lt;0.05）;显著降低了十二指肠、空肠和回肠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、十二指肠和回肠超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性（P&lt;0.05）;显著降低了空肠上皮细胞中淋巴细胞、空肠和回肠上皮细胞中杯状细胞数量（P&lt;0.05）;显著降低了血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）含量,提高了回肠黏膜白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）含量（P &lt;0.05）。2)与LPS组相比,饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高了LPS应激仔猪回肠DAO和NOS活性（P&lt;0.05）;显著提高了空肠黏膜GSH-Px活性显著提高（P&lt;0.05）,显著降低了十二指肠黏膜丙二醛（MDA）含量（P&lt;0.05）;显著提高了血清IgG含量（P&lt;0.05）。由此可见,LPS应激导致仔猪肠黏膜损伤,在饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌可提高LPS应激仔猪的肠黏膜抗氧化能力和免疫力,一定程度上促进肠道形态的修复,减缓LPS应激导致的肠道损伤。</span>

为研究低聚壳聚糖对中华绒螯蟹生长性能、体成分、非特异性免疫及抗氧化能力的影响,实验选用个体均匀、初始均重为(16.20±1.30)g的中华绒螯蟹288只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0(对照组)、25、50和100 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖的实验日粮,正式实验为期56 d.结果显示,与对照组相比,50和100 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖组中华绒螯蟹的饲料系数显著降低,可食内脏指数显著提高;50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖组降低了中华绒螯蟹肌肉和可食内脏中粗脂肪含量,提高了蟹肌肉和可食内脏中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性;与对照组相比,50 mg/kg低聚壳聚糖组中华绒螯蟹碱性磷酸酶和酚氧化酶的活性显著提高.研究表明,添加低聚壳聚糖能够提高中华绒螯蟹生长性能、非特异性免疫和抗氧化能力,降低机体脂肪沉积,且添加量为50 mg/kg时效果较好.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">本试验旨在研究不同添加量的发酵饲料对1～55日龄肉鹅生长性能、血清生化指标及免疫指标的影响。采用完全随机试验设计,选取1日龄、健康的肉鹅720只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加2.5%、5.0%和7.5%发酵饲料的试验饲粮。试验期共55 d,分为1～15日龄和16～55日龄2个阶段。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,3个试验组的末重、平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料重比（F/G）均没有显著差异（P&gt;0.05）,其中2.5%、5.0%和7.5%组末重分别提高了1.94%、1.79%和2.56%,2.5%、5.0%和7.5%组ADG分别提高了1.97%、1.82%和2.57%。在血清生化指标方面,与对照组相比,2.5%组血清中碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性以及甘油三酯（TG）含量差异不显著（P&gt;0.05）,5.0%和7.5%组的血清中AKP和ACP活性以及TG含量显著降低（P&lt;0.05）,血清AKP活性分别降低了55.48%和59.59%,血清ACP活性分别降低了37.28%和43.79%,血清TG含量分别降低了30.25%和16.67%。在血清免疫指标方面,对照组与试验组血清免疫相关指标均无显著差异（P&gt;0.05）。综合各项指标,在1～55日龄肉鹅饲粮中添加7.5%发酵饲料的饲喂效果优于添加2.5%和5.0%发酵饲料。</span>

本试验旨在研究肉种鸡饲粮中添加不同水平肌苷酸（IMP）对生长后期（22～42日龄）子代生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取遗传背景相同、体重相近的20周龄健康爱拔益加（Arbor Acres）肉种鸡480只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组（基础日粮）、Ⅱ组（基础日粮+0.2%肌苷酸）、Ⅲ组（基础日粮+0.5%肌苷酸）和Ⅳ组（基础日粮+1%肌苷酸）。子代肉鸡根据肉种鸡饲粮中肌苷酸添加情况相应分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组,每组6个重复,每个重复80只,子代肉鸡仅饲喂基础日粮,试验期为子代肉鸡22～42日龄。结果显示:与Ⅰ组相比,22～42日龄子代肉鸡各组生长性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）;在子代肉鸡42日龄时,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组子代肉鸡血清中总蛋白（TP）的含量显著提高（P＜0.05）;与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组血清中低密度脂蛋白（LDL-c）含量显著提高（P＜0.05）;与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组血清中甘油三酯（TG）含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。以上结果表明,肉种鸡饲粮中添加肌苷酸对子代生长性能无显著影响,但饲粮中添加0.2%肌苷酸可显著提高生长后期子代血清中TP的含量,降低TG的含量,添加0.5%和1%肌苷酸可显著提高生长后期子代血清中LDL-c含量,且添加1%肌苷酸可显著提高TP含量。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding exogenous inosinic acid ( IMP) in diets of breeding hens and offspring broilers on growth performance, meat quality and related gene expression of offspring broilers. A total of 864 Arbor Acres ( AA) breeding hens ( 20-week-old) with similar genetic background, weight and 5% egg production rate were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 72 broilers in each replicate. Hens in the control group were fed a basic diet, and the others in the experimental group were fed the basic diet supplemented with 0.5% inosinic acid. The experiment lasted for 30 days. One week before the end of the experiment, the laying rate of hens reached the peak, a total of 3 700 eggs were continuously collected for 7 days and hatched. After hatching, a total of 3 000 one-day-old broilers were selected and divided into 4 groups according to the maternal group, named II ( mother feed basal diet+0.5% inosinic acid, offspring feed basal diet+0.5% inosinic acid) , IN ( mother feed basal diet+0.5% inosinic acid, offspring feed basal diet) , NI ( mother feed basal diet, offspring feed basal diet+0.5% inosinic acid) and NN group ( mother feed basal diet, offspring feed basal diet) , each group had 6 replicates and 125 birds in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showedas follows: 1) compared with the NN group, the average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio in II, IN and NI groups were no significant difference ( P>0.05) . 2) Compared with the NN group, the breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate in II, IN and NI groups were no significant difference ( P>0.05) ; the abdominal fat rate in II group was sig-nificantly higher than that in NI group ( P<0. 05) . 3) Compared with the NN group, the values of redness ( a?) and yellowness ( b?) of breast muscle and leg muscle in II, IN and NI groups were no significant differ-ence ( P>0.05) , the breast muscle brightness ( L?) value in II group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) ;the pH45 min and pH24 h of breast muscle and leg muscle in IN and NI groups were significantly increased ( P<0.05) ; the pH24 h of breast muscle in IN and NI groups was significantly increased ( P<0.05) ; the pH24 h of leg muscle in II, IN and NI groups was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . 4) Compared with the NN group, the relative expression level of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase ( GPAT) gene of breast muscle and leg muscle in II, IN and NI groups at 21 and 42 days of age was no significant difference ( P>0.05) , the relative expression level of adenylosuccinate lyase ( ADSL) gene of breast muscle in NI group and that of leg muscle in IN group at 21 days of age was significantly increased ( P<0.05) , the relative expression level of ADSL gene of breast muscle in II and IN groups at 42 days of age was significantly increased ( P<0.05) . These results suggest that adding exogenous inosinic acid in diets of breeding hens and offspring broilers have no significant effect on growth performance and slaughter performance of offspring broilers; and can in-crease muscle pH, decrease breast muscle L? value, improve the relative expression of ADSL gene, and im-prove meat quality of offspring broilers to a certain extent. [ Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019, 31 (2) :638-651]

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of inosinic acid (IMP) on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of hen offspring aged 22~42 days. 480 healthy AA broilers with similar genetic background and weight were randomly divided into groupⅠ(basic di?et), group Ⅱ (basic diet + 0.2% inosine), group Ⅲ (basic diet + 0.5% inosine) and group Ⅳ (basic di?et + 1% inosine). The laying rate of broilers reached 50%, and the eggs were collected for hatching af?ter 2 weeks. 1 920 offspring chickens were randomly selected and divided into group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ, group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ according to the situation of adding inosine in the feed of broiler breeders. There were 6 replicates in each group, 80 in each replicate for 42 days. The results showed that: ①Inosinic acid supplementation had no significant effect on growth performance of 22~42-day-old off?spring (P>0.05); ② Inosinic acid supplementation had no significant effect on serum IgA, IgG and IgM of 22~42-day-old offspring (P>0.05). When IMP supplementation was 0.5% and 1%, the serum IL-2 content increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, IMP supplementation in diet has no significant effect on the growth performance of offspring at later growth stage, and can significantly increase the content of IL-2.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of fermented feed diets on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in geese, and to examine associations between the gut microbiota and growth performance. A total of 720 healthy, 1-day-old male SanHua geese were used for the 55-D experiment. Geese were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 6 replicates of 30 geese. Groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5% fermented feed. The results showed that 7.5% fermented feed had an increasing trend in the body weight and average daily gain of the geese; however, there was no significant response to increasing dietary fermented feed level with regards to ADFI and FCR. In addition, compared with the control group, there was a higher abundance of bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes in the cecal samples of geese in the 7.5% fermented feed group (53.18% vs. 41.77%, P < 0.05), whereas the abundance of Firmicutes was lower in the 7.5% fermented feed group (36.30% vs. 44.13%, P > 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Bacteroides was increased by adding fermented feed to geese diets, whereas the abundances of Desulfovibrio, Phascolarctobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_uncultured, Ruminiclostridium, and Oscillospira were decreased. These results indicate that fermented feeds have an important effect on the cecal microflora composition of geese, and may affect host growth, nutritional status, and intestinal health.

Bacillus is a spore-forming gram-positive bacterium that produces a variety of nutrients and active factors. It has the functions of regulating intestinal micro-ecology, improving the growth and production performance of livestock and poultry, enhancing the immunity of the body, etc. It is a good microbial feed additive and wide?ly used in animal production. In this paper, the mechanism of action of Bacillus feeding bacteria in the intestine of animals and its application and re?search progress in animal nutrition as microecological preparations and biological feed fermentation agents were reviewed. The aim is to provide reference for the further promotion and application of Ba?cillus forage in livestock production.

The goal of this experiment was to examine effects of diets supplemented with exogenous inosine monophosphate (IMP) on the growth performance, flavor compounds, enzyme activity and gene expression of chicken. A total of 1,500 healthy, 1-day-old male 3-yellow chickens were used for a 52-d experimental period. Individuals were randomly divided into 5 groups (group I, II, III, IV, V) with 6 replicates per group, and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% IMP, respectively. There was no significant response to the increasing dietary IMP level in average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed:gain ratio (F/G) (P ≥ 0.05). IMP content of the breast and thigh muscle showed an exponential and linear response to the increasing dietary IMP level (P < 0.05), the highest IMP content was obtained when the diet with 0.3% and 0.2% exogenous IMP was fed. There were significant effects of IMP level in diet on free amino acids (FAA) (exponential, linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and delicious amino acids (DAA) (quadratic effect, P < 0.01) content in breast muscle. FAA and DAA content in thigh muscle showed an exponential and linear response (P < 0.05), and quadratic response (P < 0.01) to the increasing dietary IMP level, the highest FAA and DAA content was obtained when the diet with 0.2% exogenous IMP was fed. Dietary IMP supplementation had a quadratic effect on 5΄-NT and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity in the breast muscle (P < 0.05), and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) enzyme activity in the thigh muscles increased exponentially and linearly with increasing IMP level in diet (exponential effect, P = 0.061; linear effect, P = 0.059). Cyclohydrolase (ATIC) gene expression in thigh muscle had a quadratic response to the increasing dietary IMP level (P < 0.05), 0.2% exogenous IMP group had the highest (AMPD1) gene expression of the breast muscle and ATIC gene expression of the thigh muscle. These results indicate that dietary IMP did not affect the growth performance of chicken, the diet with 0.2 to 0.3% exogenous IMP is optimal to improve the meat flavor quality in chicken.

To investigate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the physicochemical properties and microbial community in litters of piglet biobed,weaned piglets were fed in three groups.The first group was fed a basal diet plus B.licheniformis (probiotics treatment,PBT),the second group was fed a basal diet plus bacitracin zinc and sulfate prime enemy(antibiotic treatment,ABT),and the last group was fed a basal diet only (control treatment,CT).The results showed that the activity of proteinase in PBT was significantly improved (P＜0.05),while no significant difference in urease activity or ammonium concentration was observed among the three treatments(P＞0.05).On day 15,the total number of cells of Actinomyces in ABT was significantly increased(P＜0.05).On day 35,the number of Bacillus in PBT was significantly increased (P＜0.05).On day 49,the number of Bacillus in PBT was significantly higher than that in ABT (P＜0.05),and the number of Staphylococci in ABT was significantly lower than that in CT(P＜0.05).The numbers of Escherichia coli in ABT and PBT were lower than that in CT.The total numbers of bacterial and Bacillus in PBT were lower than that in CT,although these differences were not significant(P＞0.05).The results indicated that dietary antibiotics might inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms,while the probiotic bacteria population might also be affected.No significant difference(P＞0.05) was observed in the DGGE Shannon-Wiener index or the evenness between the three treatments.In general,the addition of B.licheniformis significantly increased the population of Bacillus.The protease activity in the litters of piglet biobed and the degradation efficiency of the manure were improved,while no significant change was observed in the bacterial community diversity.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different inosine monophosphate acid ( IMP) levels of hens on hatching egg quality, growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of offspring broilers aged from 1 to 21 days. Four hundred and eighty 20?week?old healthy Arbor Acres ( AA) broilers were randomly allocated into control group ( the basal diet) , group Ⅰ ( the basal diet supplemented with 0. 2%IMP) , group Ⅱ ( the basal diet supplemented with 0. 5% IMP) and group Ⅲ ( the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% IMP) . Four hundred and eighty offspring broilers after hatched were randomly selected and alloca?ted into control group, group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ according to the dietary IMP supplementation of hens, and with 6 replicates per group and 20 broilers per replicate. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The re?sults showed that: compared with control group, hatching egg quality indexes of hens aged at the end of 32 weeks, growth performance indexes and serum protein metabolism and enzyme activity related indexes of off?spring broilers aged at 1 to 21 days in all experimental group had no significant differences (P>0.05). Com?pared with control group, the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HLD?C) in serum of offspring broilers aged at 21 days in group Ⅲ was significantly increased ( P<0.05) , and the contents of total cholesterol ( T?CHO) , triglyceride ( TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HLD?C) in serum in all experimental groups had no significant differences ( P>0.05) . Compared with control group, the content of triiodothyronine ( T3 ) in serum of offspring broilers aged at 21 days in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased ( P<0.05) , the contents of thyroxine ( T4 ) and insulin?like growth factor?1 ( IGF?1) in serum in group Ⅱ were significantly increased ( P<0.05) , and the content of growth hormone ( GH) in all experimental groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with control group, the contents of immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin 2 ( IL?2) and interleukin 6 ( IL?6) in serum of offspring broilers aged at 21 days in group Ⅲ had an increasing tendency ( P>0.05) . The above results suggest that dietary IMP of hens enhance the lipid metabo?lism of offspring broilers, increase the hormone levels and the immune factor contents in serum which related to the growth and immune of offspring broilers. Combining the hatching egg quality, growth performance and ser?um biochemical indexes, dietary 0.5% to 1.0% IMP of hens has the best effects.

Objective] To establish a method for the rapid determination of the phosphorus in feed-grade phosphate.[Method]The concentration of phosphorus in phosphate was determined by spectrophotometry method .Different types of feed-grade phosphate samples were detected and compared by national standard method.[Result] The optimized detection condition was as follows: 420 nm detection wavelength, 0.5 -1.0 mol/Lchromogenic acidity, color developing temperature greater than 15 ℃, and 20-30 min color developing time.Under this condition, the recovery rate was 97.5%-100.1%.The results of two methods all met the requirement of standard.[Conclusion] Phosphorus content in feed-grade phosphate detected by spectrophotometry method is proved to be easy, rapid and accurate.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous inosinic acid on growth per-formance, meat quality and serum biochemical indices of broilers.A total of one thousand and five hundred 1-day-old healthy male Sanhuang broilers were allocated to five groups ( 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%and 0.30%dietary inosinic acid supplementation) with 6 replicates per group and 50 birds per replicate, birds were slaugh-tered on day 52.The results showed as follows: 1) the diets supplemented with 0.30%inosinic acid signifi-cantly decreased the feed/gain than that of 0.20%inosinic acid group during the starter period ( from 1 to 36 days of age) ( P<0.05) , but in the whole period ( from 1 to 52 days of age) , there were no significant differ-ences about growth performance during all groups ( P>0.05) .2) Compared with the control group, the cook-ing loss of the 0.20%inosinic acid group was decreased by 21.83%( P<0.05) , the shear force was decreased by 16.72%( P>0.05);the breast muscle weight of 0.30%inosinic acid group was significantly increased ( P<0.05) .Compared with the control group, the a* and b* values in breast muscle of 0.20%inosinic acid group were significantly increased (P<0.05), meanwhile, the L* value of 0.10%and 0.30%inosinic acid groups was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) .3) At the age of 52 days, 0.30%inosinic acid group had the highest inosinic acid content in breast muscle, and it was increased by 38.8%than that of control group ( P<0.05);the inosinic acid content in thigh muscle of 0.20%inosinic acid group was increased by 26.14%than that of control group ( P<0.05) .4) At the age of 52 days, compared with the control group, serum globulin content of 0.30%inosinic acid group was significantly increased ( P<0.05), the total protein content and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum were increased,but there were no significant difference ( P>0.05) .5) At the age of 36 days, compared with the control group, the total cholesterol content in serum of 0.30%inosinic acid group was decreased significantly ( P<0.05) , and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) content in 0.05%inosinic acid group was increased by 38.41%( P<0.05) .The above results suggest that dietary supple-mentation of exogenous inosinic acid in Sanhuang broilers improve the feed/gain during the starter period and the meat color, and increase the deposition of inosinic acid content; furthermore, exogenous inosinic acid in-crease the total protein, globulin and HDL-C content, and alkaline phosphatase activity, and decrease the total cholesterol content, therefore, dietary inosinic acid improve the level of protein and lipid metabolism.Taken together the growth performance, meat quality and serum biochemical indices, we recommend the 0.30%ex-ogenous inosinic acid as the best dose in Sanhuang broilers diet.

妊娠期和哺乳期是动物营养程序化的关键"窗口期",此阶段母体的营养状态将对子代的生长发育和代谢水平产生短期或者长期的影响,母体营养不良会影响子代的代谢稳态和生长性能.文章就母体营养对后代生长发育及代谢的影响研究作以综述.