Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and processing quality varied across environments, especially along altitudinal gradients. This study evaluated the combined effects of altitude above sea level and nitrogen (N) topdressing on yield and quality traits of winter wheat with strong, medium and weak gluten content. Six cultivars were tested for two growing seasons at Renqiu (4 m), Beijing (40 m) and Lhasa (3688 m). Raw-data verification showed that Lhasa reduced mean grain yield by 44.1% compared with Beijing, mainly through reductions in spike number, grains per spike and thousand-grain weight. High altitude increased total grain protein by 17.5% compared with Beijing, especially through increases in albumin and globulin fractions, but this increase did not translate into better processing quality. Strong and medium gluten wheat showed reduced gluten index, shorter dough stability time and higher weakening degree at Lhasa, whereas weak gluten wheat maintained relatively better stability under high-altitude stress. Nitrogen responses differed among gluten types: strong gluten wheat benefited more from 240 kg/ha N, medium gluten wheat performed similarly under 180-240 kg/ha N, and weak gluten wheat showed a more stable response under high-altitude conditions. Multivariate analyses separated the Lhasa environment from Renqiu and Beijing and indicated a clear yield-quality trade-off. These results suggested that cultivar selection and N management should be adjusted jointly according to altitude above sea level and gluten type.

Enhancing wheat resilience to concurrent high-temperature (HT) and drought stress (DS) is critical for sustainable agriculture under climate change. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying their combined effects (DHS) remain poorly understood. Here, a 3-year field study evaluated post-flowering HT, DS and DHS impacts on two wheat cultivars, Zhongmai 36 (ZM36) and Jimai 22 (JM22). Yield losses under HT, DS and DHS averaged 16.9%, 15.3% and 31.7%, respectively, with DHS exhibiting supra-additive effects. Stressors reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) and proton conductivity (gH+/vH+) in flag leaves, leading to 18.1% lower sucrose and 42.4% reduced post-flowering photosynthetic accumulation under DHS. Furthermore, vascular bundle number and area in rachis decreased by 23.8% and 12.9% (ZM36) and 14.3% and 20.3% (JM22) under DHS, impairing sucrose transport. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of starch biosynthesis genes (AGPase, SS and GBSS) and upregulation of starch degradation genes (ISA3, BAMY2) under DHS, creating a metabolic 'sink trap'. Collectively, these multi-level findings elucidate the hierarchical disruption of source-sink coordination under combined stresses and provide actionable targets for breeding climate-resilient wheat. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Field study revealed post-flowering combined heat and drought stress caused supra-additive yield loss in wheat by impairing source-sink coordination and altering starch metabolism via downregulation of biosynthesis genes (AGPase, SS and GBSS) and upregulation of degradation genes (ISA3 and BAMY2).

Pre-flowering total dry matter remobilization (PTDR) and post-flowering photosynthetic accumulation (PTPA) are critical for grain-filling under abiotic stress, yet their temporal dynamics and organ-specific contributions under combined high temperature (HT) and drought stress (DS) remain poorly understood. Through a two-year field study (2021–2023) with two wheat cultivars (Zhongmai36 and Jimai22), we investigated yield components, PTDR-PTPA coordination, and grain-filling dynamics under HT, DS, and combined drought-heat stress (DHS). The results demonstrated that stress treatments significantly reduced yield by 14.1–33.3

In order to study the nitrogen application rate in farmland with different fertility levels and the main destination and wheat absorption of N-fertilizer, to improve nitrogen use efficiency, three soils with different fertility levels were selected: chernozems soils (CS)、fluvo-aquic soils (FS) and rougi-limestone soils (RS), were used to study the effects of soil and nitrogen application rate on nitrogen fate of “wheat-soil” under the same ecological environment by isotope tracer technique in this experiment. The results showed that grain yield and nitrogen absorption of wheat in CS which with high fertility and nutrient content were significantly higher than that in FS and RS. Nitrogen fertilizer has a greater impact on the nitrogen content of FS and RS than on black soil. The ability of wheat to utilize residual fertilizer nitrogen in soil is less affected by the amount of nitrogen applied in the last season and is more affected by soil conditions, as CS > FS > RS. After planting two-season wheat, the proportion of nitrogen recovered by the wheat-soil is 37–68%, of which the nitrogen fixed by the soil accounts for 13–32% of the applied nitrogen. The average nitrogen loss of CS is 77.4 kg N·ha− 1, that of FS is 102.9 kg N·ha− 1 and that of RS is 153.1 kg N·ha− 1, indicating that the CS condition is conducive to the absorption of N-fertilizer by wheat, with the least nitrogen loss and the least impact on the environment. When nitrogen application rate from 120 kg·ha− 1 increased to 360 kg·ha− 1, the nitrogen loss rate increased by 6.58 percentage points, but the nitrogen loss increased from 51.5 kg·ha− 1 to 178.2 kg·ha− 1, and the impact on the environment increased significantly. Therefore, we should pay attention to improve soil fertility and structure, and select the appropriate amount of nitrogen according to the actual situation of soil, so as to realize the synergistic improvement of wheat yield and nitrogen utilization, reduce resource consumption and the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on the environment in wheat production.

In order to study the nitrogen regulating effects on yield and agronomic traits of different gluten wheat cultivars, three topdressing nitrogen amounts of 75, 105, and 135kg/ha were set in Beijing experimental base of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2016-2017. The tested materials were strong gluten（Gaoyou 2018 and Shiluan 02-1）, medium gluten（Zhongmai 8 and Zhongmai 175）and weak gluten（Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15） cultivars. Nitrogen fertilizer 105kg/ha and phosphorus fertilizer（135kg/ha） were applied as base fertilizers. The results showed that increasing the amount of topdressing nitrogen could promote polarization at jointing stage, reduce ineffective tillering, and increase the number of spikes, and the effects on strong gluten cultivars was greater than that of medium and weak gluten cultivars.Increasing the amount of topdressing nitrogen in the range of 75-135kg/ha could improve the leaf area indexes of all cultivars, slow down the decline rate of leaf area index from flowering to grain filling stage, and the effects on medium gluten cultivars was the most obvious. The plant height, spike length and the number of bearing spikelets were the highest under nitrogen topdressing at 135kg/ha, while the number of sterile spikelets decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application. In the range of 75-135kg/ha, the grain yield, the number of spikes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight of each gluten-type cultivar increased significantly with the increase of topdressing nitrogen, and 135kg/ha treatment was the highest.

To explore the impacts of global climate change on the suitable sowing date for winter wheat in north winter wheat area of China, we carried out a wheat sowing date experiment during growing seasons of 2019-2021 at the Beijing Experimental Base of the Institute of Crop Sciences, CAAS. Two winter wheat cultivars with different tillering powers were selected as experimental materials. Four different sowing dates were set: September 25th (J), October 5th (S0), October 15th (S1) and October 25th (S2), to examine the responses of population quality, individual characters, and stem and tiller physiology to the accumulated temperature difference before overwintering. The results showed that with the delay of sowing date, the accumulated temperature before winter and their difference between the adjacent sowing dates decreased gradually. The accumulative temperature at the sowing J and S0 both exceeded 550 ℃, which met the basic condition for the formation of strong wheat seedlings before winter. The average accumulated temperature at sowing S1 and S2 was 148.0 and 282.4 ℃ lower than that of S0, which was not conducive to the establishment of strong wheat seedlings before winter. The average accumulated temperature decreased by 204.0, 148.0 and 134.4 ℃, when the sowing date was delayed by 10 days under the four different sowing dates, respectively. The days from sowing to emergence were affected by the average daily temperature. The days from sowing to emergence gradually increased with the delay of sowing date when the daily average temperature was lower than 15 ℃, while the days from sowing to emergence were constant when the daily average temperature was higher than 15 ℃. The total stem number, leaf area index, dry matter weight, nitrogen accumulation and tiller number per plant of wheat also decreased with the decreases of pre-winter accumulated temperature. The soluble sugar content and nitrate reductase activity at the seedling increased first and then decreased with the decreases of accumulated temperature before winter, while the soluble protein content and glutamine synthetase activity to accumulated temperature performed differently among varieties. According to the population quality and individual traits of wheat before winter, among the four different sowing dates, the total stem number and tiller number per plant of wheat before sowing on October 5 were the closest to the standard of strong seedlings before winter in north winter wheat area. The accumulated temperature before winter is conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. When the daily average temperature is 15-17 ℃, it is the best sowing time for winter wheat in Beijing.

Water is the key factor limiting the improvement of wheat yield and quality. In order to explore the effects of irrigation in different periods on winter wheat yield, agronomic characteristics, grain quality and photosynthetic performance, four water treatments were set under conditions of automatic rain-proof shelter that water and fertilizer were controlled: no watering（control treatment, W1）, water 1050m~3/ha at jointing stage（W2）, water 1050m~3/ha at flowering stage（W3）, and water 525m~3/ha at jointing stage + 525m~3/ha at flowering stage（W4）. The results showed that, the grain protein content of W1 treatment, the protein yield of W2 treatment and the grain yield of W3 treatment were the highest. W4 treatment had the most stable photosynthetic performance. Compared with W1 treatment, irrigation affected the photosynthetic performance of wheat flag leaves, increased its net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO 2 concentration and transpiration rate. Irrigation at jointing stage increased leaf chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and grain protein yield, and increased biological yield by increasing the number of spikes and grains per spike. Irrigation at flowering stage could increase grain length and width, increase sink capacity, and increase grain yield by increasing weight. By comparing W1, W4 and W2 treatments after irrigation at jointing stage and before irrigation at flowering stage, it was found that irrigation increased the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point, decreased the dark respiration rate, and the flag leaf was more adapted to strong light, but could not further increase the photosynthetic efficiency, and the weakening range of flag leaf adaptation to strong light increased with time. With the same amount of irrigation, irrigation only once at flowering stage or twice at jointing stage and flowering stage could prevent the decline of photosynthetic performance and the earlysenescence of leaves at the later stage. Therefore, attention should be paid to the role of water in different growth periods in production, and irrigation should be carried out in time according to the actual precipitation and production demand.

The study of the effects of different sowing methods on the yield and quality of different varieties provides an effective reference for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat cultivation measures. This experiment used a two-factor randomized block design. The sowing methods were uniform sowing（A1） and conventional drill seeding（A2）. The wheat varieties were Hengguan 35（B1）, Han 6172（B2）, Lunxuan 103（B3） and Shimai25（B4）. The results showed that, the two sowing methods had significant differences in influence on plant traits.The plant height and number of grains per spike of drill sowing were significantly higher than that of uniform sowing. The yield, spike number and 1000-grain weight of uniform sowing were significantly higher than those of drill sowing, and the yield of uniform sowing treatment was 4.42% higher than that of drill sowing treatment.The sowing method had a significant effects on the bulk weight, hardness index, yield rate and 14% water absorption. The bulk weight of wheat under uniform sowing was 2.02 percentage points higher than that of drill sowing. Shimai 25 had the highest yield and Hengguan 35 had better flour quality. The yields of Hengguan 35,Han 6172 and Lunxuan 103 under uniform sowing were higher, and the farinogram quality index of Han 6172was better.

In Beijing experiment base of Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences a two-factor randomized block design was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen application on the yield and quality of weak-gluten wheat in northern winter wheat regions during 2016-2017.The factor A was weak gluten wheat cultivar （Yangmai 22 and Yangmai 15） and the factor B was nitrogen rate （N 180,210 and240kg/ha）.The results showed that within the nitrogen range of 180-240kg/ha,grain yield,ear number per uni area,grain number per ear,1000-grain weight,protein yield and biological yield all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the total protein and contents of its components showed an increasing trend,and the increase of gliadin and glutenin was higher than that of albumin and globulin.Compared with treatment of 180kg/ha,the ratio of gluten to alcohol under 210 and 240kg/ha treatments decreased by 0.27 and 0.41 percentage points,respectively;bulk density,hardness,and flour extraction rate were expressed as Yangmai 22＞Yangmai 15.Sedimentation,wet gluten,water absorption,dough formation time,stable time,and farinograph quality value of the two quality types of wheat all increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate with the average increase rates of 5.53%,2.54%,0.54%,17.82%,7.07%and14.17%,respectively.The degree of weakening decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the two varieties decreased by 9.65%and 12.00%,respectively.Therefore,comprehensively considering fertilizer input,wheat yield and quality indicators,applying N 180kg/ha to weak gluten wheat in the northern winter whea regions could obtain higher yield and processing quality.

[目的]研究不同筋型小麦干物质和氮素积累对追施氮量的响应,揭示其干物质积累特征,为资源高效利用提供科学参考.[方法]田间试验于2016—2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行,供试品种为强筋小麦'藁优2018'和'师栾02-1',中筋小麦'中麦8号'和'中麦175',弱筋小麦'扬麦22'和'扬麦15'.在基施纯氮105 kg/hm2的基础上,设N 75、105和135 kg/hm23个追氮量处理,于拔节期追施.调查分析了小麦花前、花后干物质和氮素的积累与分配,产量及其构成因素.[结果]随着追氮量增加,开花期各筋型小麦干物质积累量均呈增加趋势,但各器官干物质分配比例的变化在不同筋型小麦间不完全相同,其中强筋小麦叶片占比升高,穗占比降低;中筋和弱筋小麦茎秆占比升高,叶片占比降低,穗则先升后降.提高追氮量对成熟期小麦干物质积累的影响主要表现为显著提高了颖壳+穗轴的比例,其他器官占比变化较小,但各器官干物质积累量总体呈增加趋势.随追氮量增加,成熟期各类型小麦营养器官和籽粒氮素积累量、营养器官氮素向籽粒中的转移量呈增加趋势,中筋小麦营养器官花前氮素转运率及贡献率显著降低,强筋和弱筋小麦营养器官花前氮素贡献率逐渐提高;中筋小麦花后氮素转运量显著提高,弱筋小麦花后氮素贡献率则显著降低.增加追氮量可显著提高弱筋小麦穗数、强筋小麦穗粒数、强筋和中筋小麦千粒重;不同筋型小麦产量虽有提高,但差异不显著.[结论]在本试验条件下,强筋小麦干物质积累与分配、氮素积累与转运以追施N 105 kg/hm2为宜,可以保证较高的穗粒数和千粒重,稳定产量.中筋小麦在追施N 135 kg/hm2时,可以显著提高干物质积累、氮素吸收转运及千粒重,保证较高产量.弱筋小麦在追施N 135 kg/hm2时,可以促进植株干物质积累、花前氮素积累与转运,提高对籽粒氮素的贡献率,通过提高成穗数实现产量提升.

为探明秸秆带状覆盖对旱地小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)增产的效果,采用秸秆带状覆盖(M)及无覆盖露地(CK)2种种植方式,其中秸秆带状覆盖设置59％(M3)、50％(M4)、40％(M5)、37％(M6)4个秸秆覆盖度,研究其对小麦小穗败育率、节间长度及株高、籽粒灌浆速率和产量的影响.结果表明,与CK相比,秸秆带状覆盖小穗结实率提高0.2％～3.3％,株高增加1.7％～5.3％;除较低覆盖度的M6外,秸秆带状覆盖模式显著降低了小穗败育率.秸秆带状覆盖提高了小麦中后期的灌浆速率,延长了灌浆持续期;秸秆带状覆盖总体较CK提高了快增期和缓增期的灌浆速率,分别提高11.8％和154.5％;花后42 d,CK粒重趋于稳定,而秸秆带状覆盖仍缓慢增加.不同秸秆带状覆盖增产幅度为-0.8％～6.2％,以M3产量提升幅度最高,其产量增加主要是由于穗数的显著提高.本研究结果可为旱地小麦高产稳产栽培技术提供参考.

2020/2021年度在黄淮冬麦区南片的4个省份分别设置大田试验,选择周麦18、周麦36及爱民蓝麦1号3个不同品质类型的冬小麦品种,分析比较不同气象因子对3个品种小麦产量及品质的影响.结果表明:不同小麦品种特性和试验点生态环境对小麦籽粒长宽、产量及品质的影响均达到显著水平,其中籽粒长度、株高及产量受环境条件的影响大于品种基因型,而籽粒宽度、产量三要素、籽粒淀粉、蛋白质和纤维素含量受品种基因型的影响大于环境条件.从不同试验点气象因子来看,籽粒长宽和千粒重表现一致,主要受抽穗?灌浆中期水分的正向调控和拔节?成熟期气温的负向调控;株高主要受拔节期水分和气温的正向调控;产量和穗粒数主要受抽穗期水分和气温、灌浆中期水分的正向调控;有效穗数主要受拔节?抽穗期日照时数的正向调控.籽粒淀粉含量受拔节后气温、水分的正向调控,受扬花后期日照时数的负向调控,籽粒蛋白质含量则与其相反,纤维素主要受抽穗?灌浆中期水分的正向调控.综上所述,不同小麦品种特性和试验点生态环境对小麦籽粒长宽、产量及品质均存在显著影响;拔节后的平均气温、总供水量及总日照时数对小麦籽粒表型、产量及品质性状的影响存在差异.

为了解小麦产量和品质对不同类型土壤和施氮处理的响应,以津强11号为试验材料,研究不同类型土壤(黑土、潮土)和施氮处理(不施肥、底施、三叶期施、拔节期施、抽穗期施)对春小麦产量和品质的调控效应.结果表明,土壤养分含量较高的黑土更有利于小麦穗部性状及产量和品质的提高,黑土处理小麦的总小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量较潮土分别提高5.76％、28.07％、18.37％和38.4％,蛋白质含量及其产量提高14.35％和38.37％,差异均极显著(P＜0.01).不同施氮处理间比较,穗部性状与籽粒产量均以拔节期施氮最高;各施氮处理较不施氮处理籽粒谷蛋白含量均大幅度提高,以抽穗期施氮的籽粒蛋白质含量最高.黑土和潮土中,在拔节期或抽穗期追肥均可以有效提高小麦籽粒产量和品质.籽粒圆度表现为潮土＞黑土,其他籽粒性状在各处理间均无显著差异.

Wheat flour products are the main dietary component of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) population in China. However, the high altitude restricts the local wheat quality and quantity, and the applied nitrogen rate is higher than the optimal rate for wheat planting. In this study, we considered whether reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and introducing the superior varieties from the North China Plain (NCP) are viable ways to increase the wheat quality and quantity in the QTP. Three and four winter wheat cultivars from QTP and NCP, respectively, were planted in Lhasa at an altitude of 3 647 m with reduced topdressing nitrogen application at the jointing stage. The wheat from NCP exhibited higher grain hardness index and test weight, and better flour and dough quality. Reducing the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer from 135 to 75 kg N ha(-1) at the jointing stage (with the same basal fertilization of 105 kg N ha(-1)) did not significantly (P<0.05) affect the grain yield, grain quality, flour quality or dough quality in any of the cultivars. In summary, introducing high-quality winter wheat varieties from the NCP to the Lhasa plateau is a viable way to enhance the wheat supply and quality in the QTP. Reducing a certain amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is an economic and feasible approach for the QTP region.

为解决我国北部冬麦区因播期推迟造成越冬前小麦苗情较弱的实际问题,于2019—2021年在中国农业科学院北京试验基地进行晚播试验,设3个播期:10月5日适期播种(S0)、10月15日适当晚播(S1)、10月25日过晚播(S2),以S0为对照,对晚播S1、S2采取覆膜和补施氮肥的调控措施,研究覆膜和补施氮肥对晚播小麦冬前群体质量、个体性状以及茎蘖生长的影响.结果表明:晚播不利于小麦冬前群体和个体质量的形成,以及茎蘖的生长.晚播覆膜增温可提高冬前群体总茎数,与不覆膜处理相比,适当晚播和过晚播覆膜处理提高了小麦冬前群体生长率和相对生长率,群体总茎数平均分别提高42.9％、148.4％;植株冬前叶龄增加,个体分蘖数平均分别增加1.6个和2.0个;覆膜增温延长主茎上第1分蘖至第3分蘖营养生长进程,提高苗期茎叶、分蘖节、根部可溶性糖含量以及叶片中生长素与玉米素核苷的比值(IAA/ZR),增加冬前群体总茎数.对各处理进行晚播苗情评价可得出,适期播种条件下均有利于2个不同分蘖力品种冬前群体综合质量的提高,其中,多穗型品种中麦8号在晚播覆膜条件下其晚播苗情较好,大穗型品种航麦501则在适当晚播无调控措施、适当晚播+补施氮肥、适当晚播+覆膜和过晚播+覆膜条件下其晚播苗情较好,同时2个不同分蘖力品种在晚播条件下对覆膜增温的响应存在差异.中麦8号在适期播种或晚播覆膜条件下更有利其冬前群体综合质量的提升,而航麦501在适期播种、适当晚播和过晚播覆膜条件下均有利于其晚播苗期质量的提高.补施氮肥则对晚播小麦冬前群体质量、个体性状和茎蘖生长无明显调控效应.综上所述,在晚播条件下,覆膜可有效改善小麦冬前群体和个体的综合质量,进一步促进茎蘖的生长.

通过研究潮土和黑土条件下氮肥施用量对强筋小麦产量和品质的影响,为小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据和技术参考.试验于2020-2021年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所温室进行,以强筋冬小麦品种中麦578为试验材料,采用盆栽方式,设置2个土壤条件,5个施氮量处理.结果 显示,同一施氮量处理下,花后整个时期小麦旗叶相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、籽粒长、籽粒宽、千粒重、穗粒数、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量均表现为黑土优于潮土,而籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量则表现为潮土优于黑土.在同一土壤条件下,施氮量的增加减缓了小麦旗叶SPAD值的下降速率,延长有效光合功能期;籽粒长、籽粒宽、千粒重、穗粒数、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量等指标均随施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,而籽粒蛋白质含量随施氮量增加而升高.综上所述,在本试验基础养分条件下,每盆施入2g尿素,籽粒产量和蛋白质产量均达到最大值.

试验于2016-2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行,采用二因素随机区组设计,以追氮量为调控因素,研究追氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量及生理指标的影响,为不同类型小麦品种稳产高效提供理论参考.供试材料分别为来源于黄淮冬麦区的中筋小麦品种中麦8号和中麦175,以及来源于长江中下游冬麦区的弱筋小麦品种扬麦22和扬麦15.结果表明,增加追氮量对小麦旗叶叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量均有提高效应,且更利于叶绿素b的形成,追氮量为135kg/hm2时效果最明显;各品种小麦旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶温均随着追氮量的增加而逐渐提高,且增长幅度也逐渐加大,以追氮量135kg/hm2最高;旗叶胞间CO2浓度则随着追氮量的增加逐渐降低.中筋小麦籽粒产量显著高于弱筋小麦,在追氮量75～135kg/hm2时,各品种籽粒产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重及生物产量均随追氮量的增加而显著提高,以追氮量135kg/hm2最高.综上可知,拔节期追施氮肥有利于提高中筋和弱筋小麦旗叶叶绿素含量,改善光合性能,促进对氮素的吸收与积累,提高产量.

中麦8号的亲本组合为核花971-3/冀Z76,是由中国农业科学院作物科学研究所小麦研究团队于2001年进行杂交,经过多年选育成功的小麦早熟高产品种.2010年通过天津市农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为津审麦2010002;2016年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为冀审麦2016017.该品种广适性强,田间落黄好,籽粒外观品质好,早熟高产.

为探究氮磷钾肥的施用对小麦品种产量及品质的影响,为小麦优质高产提供参考,于2020-2021年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所温室内进行不同氮磷钾肥处理对小麦产量和品质的影响盆栽试验,采用两因素随机区组设计,A因素为小麦品种,A1:扬麦15号(弱筋),A2:津强6号(强筋);B因素为施肥处理,B1:不施肥,B2:每盆施氮素2 g,B3:每盆施P2O52 g,B4:每盆施氧化钾2 g,B5:每盆氮磷钾各2 g.于成熟期取样,测量总小穗数、不孕小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量,并测定籽粒粗蛋白质含量和产量,以及各蛋白质组分含量.结果表明,不同品种中,津强6号的小麦产量及构成因素、粗蛋白含量、组分含量和产量均高于扬麦15.不同肥料处理中,总小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均随氮磷钾的配施而提高,且对比不施肥对照平均增幅分别达到9.05％、58.14％、4.39％,增产达到58.1％;蛋白质组分含量也呈增加趋势,其中氮磷钾配施提高了清蛋白、球蛋白(P<0.01％)含量,单施氮提高了醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白(P<0.01％)含量.施肥处理对2个小麦品种的蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量的影响规律相同,均随氮磷钾肥的施用而增加,扬麦15号和津强6号小麦品种的蛋白质含量分别比不施肥的处理提高20.06％和29.53％,蛋白质产量分别增加1.65倍和2.25倍.在黑土条件下肥料施用方式为氮磷钾配合施用,最有利于小麦获得优质高产.