矿井水害问题伴随着矿产资源开采深度的加深日益突出,富水体形态不易确定,位置不明,极易造成突水事故.本文基于煤矿瞬变电磁探测矿井富水体响应规律,采用有限元法对矿井采掘工作面顶板富水性进行多角度全空间数值模拟,分析不同角度矿井顶板富水体的感应电流密度响应特征.结果表明:(1)探测角度为9°和 18°时,整体模拟效果更佳,锲合工作面实际探测的需求.当富水体在高阻煤层时,富水体外部等值线密集,感应电流密度极大值在富水体轮廓中;当富水体位于顶板时,富水体上部等值线密集,感应电流密度极大值位于富水体内上部;(2)富水体感应电流密度等值线轮廓以椭圆形为主,随着探测角度的增大,感应电流密度等值线逐渐稀疏,但富水体的整体轮廓不变;(3)探测角度增大,感应电流密度极大值降低但不会影响感应电流密度极大值在富水体内部出现的现象,因此可根据感应电流密度极大值判断富水体的位置.本文通过对典型煤矿富水体分布规律研究,改进了矿用瞬变电磁仪的正演模拟方法,推动了新的反演解释算法及软件开发,为非煤矿山、金属矿山、隧道工程等井工或地下作业场景水害探测防治提供一种新的技术与方法.

为解决玉磨铁路景寨隧道工程掌子面前方小型富水体突涌水问题,保障隧道工程安全施工,提出一种基于地质雷达的隧道富水段涌水量预测方法.该方法首先根据隧道典型不良地质体类型,对比不同空洞结构对地质雷达正演模拟的影响,并选择圆形空洞作为隧道富水区域结构,运用MATLAB进行地质雷达正演模拟,总结地质雷达响应特征;其次建立隧道富水区域结构模型,将隧道富水区域结构模型参数引入地下水动力学经典解析公式;最后结合玉磨铁路景寨隧道工程进行实例验证.结果表明:通过引入隧道富水区域结构模型参数建立的基于地下水动力学的隧道涌水量预测公式,预测得到的隧道涌水量为3 073.45 m3/d,与实测值2 760.8 m3/d的偏差率为11.3％,而基于地下水动力学经典解析公式和经验公式的预测结果与实测值的偏差率过大,其中大岛洋志公式的偏差率为186.1％,古德曼经验公式的偏差率为232.6％,说明地下水动力学经典解析公式和经验公式在云南复杂地质条件下隧道涌水量预测的适用性较差,同时验证了本文方法的适用性与可行性,为隧道工程掌子面前方小型富水体突涌水问题研究提供了一种科学的隧道富水段涌水量预测方法.

针对突发事故应急物资需求随事故的动态演变不断变化,且单一需求模型预测精度较低的问题,在利用时空转换法将具有汇聚能力的单突发事故出救点问题转化为具有特殊性的确定多突发事故出救点资源调运问题的基础上,利用脉冲需求波动函数和需求预测式,构建以不同的应急需求点物资未被满足需求累积之和最小为目标的物资调度模型.通过对模型进行求解,得出突发事故应急物资调度的最优方案,其目标最优值比仅考虑脉冲需求的最优值小11％.

井下瞬变电磁随掘探测技术是探测掘进面前方致灾水体的有效方法,从硬件方面评估仪器对致灾水体的分辨能力,是仪器能够在井下正确使用的重要手段.通过比较二次场绝对差和仪器分辨率、叠加后背景噪声之间的大小关系,分析含水致灾体识别的硬件条件和评估依据;提出从硬件方面评估井下瞬变电磁对致灾水体分辨能力的计算方法:根据致灾水体结构建立三维地质模型,推导梯形波关断与负阶跃波关断二次场感应电压的关系,在GPU上采用全空间三维有限差分并行算法计算了致灾水体二次场响应;测量某瞬变电磁仪的关断时间和综合噪声,根据致灾水体的硬件分辨依据,从硬件方面评估井下瞬变电磁仪对导水陷落柱、充水采空区的分辨能力.为井下瞬变电磁探测仪器的研制和现场准确探测提供技术参考,具有重大的研究意义.

矿山开采环境复杂,一旦发生事故,应急救援工作困难大,研究矿山事故应急救援流程有利于科学指导相关人员提高应急处置的效率.文中针对矿山应急管理的数字预案的任务协同问题开展研究.首先,描述省级数字预案体系的典型国有企业应急预案体系及衔接关系;其次,建立典型矿山事故灾难应急救援指挥工作流Petri网模型;再次,利用随机Petri网和随机过程分析技术,获得多个瞬态和稳态的计算结果,建立预测指挥信息调度工作流程的所有救援任务时间模型;最后,以典型瓦斯爆炸案例进行建模,并对模型进行性能分析.研究结果表明,该模型实证结果比较合理,在矿山应急救援方面具有普适性,能够优化应急救援调配,提高救援效率.

为有效提高煤矿瓦斯浓度动态预测精度,基于微分方程理论和最小二乘法,从灰色预测模型静态灰色作用量出发,优化灰色作用量,推导幂指数型灰色作用量的改进灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法,推导基于集成学习不同灰色作用量幂指数型灰色瓦斯预测模型,进而研究吉林八连城长期和短期瓦斯浓度监控数据预测精度.结果表明:瓦斯浓度时间序列近似线性时,基于集成学习的改进灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法优于传统灰色瓦斯浓度预测算法,使瓦斯浓度预测值和实际值的均方根误差降低,均方根差最大降低2.25％.研究结果可有效提瓦斯浓度预测精度.

地层电阻率是地球物理勘探考察的重要参数,不同结构煤体受载破坏过程中电阻率变化特征存在差异.建立受载煤样电阻实时测试实验系统,对所压制未分层及不同厚度、不同强度的2分层型煤试样进行了单轴压缩实验,得出试样破坏过程的力学强度及电阻率变化规律,研究分层界面影响下不同结构型煤的电阻率响应特征.实验结果表明:型煤单轴压缩破坏下的电阻率呈现阶段性变化,未分层试样在压密后存在“U”型变化过程,最低点接近试样应力应变曲线屈服点;不同强度分层试样破坏过程中电阻率曲线先增加后呈现“U”型,破坏后电阻率为初始状态的2～4倍;不同厚度分层试样破坏过程中电阻率表现为先增后减,两分层厚度差异大的试样厚分层破坏更为剧烈,整体表现出的宏观电阻率值更大.分层试样弹性模量及抗压强度均较未分层试样小,峰值应力处的电阻率变化率为1～2,未分层试样则小于0.5;试样两分层厚度及强度越接近,压缩破坏产生的剥离部分越均匀,更容易产生区域“串-并联”现象,破坏后电阻率变化率越大.煤样本身或分层面空隙骨架的挤压破碎会导致煤层电阻率的增加.分层型煤试样破坏后表现出表面剥离,裂隙均匀连通的破坏形式,根据型煤受载破坏过程得出试样存在“纵向裂隙”和“纵向+横向裂隙”影响下电阻率变化数学模型.两分层及贯通界面的裂隙使试样呈“串-并联”形式连通电路,试样整体电阻率与裂隙电阻率及裂隙体积占比呈正相关.对分层型煤单轴压缩规律的描述反映了部分煤矿区地层物探过程中的电学各向异性特征.

目前定源回线瞬变电磁数据处理主要还是通过一维反演进行视电阻率计算.为了实现时域瞬变电磁数据快速三维正反演,提高反演精度,基于时频转换理论,采用正则化技术、有限差分法和NLCG反演算法,研究了理想模型及实测数据频域的三维正反演.解决了时频转换过程中矩阵奇异性求解的问题,成功实现了瞬变电磁响应时域向频域的转换和瞬变电磁响应频域的三维正反演.

矿井突水水源的准确判别是目前矿井防治水害工作的关键之一.选取8种常规水化学指标作为样本标准库的基础上,考虑各水化学指标之间信息叠加的影响,引入核主成分分析(KPCA)和Fisher判别分析理论(FDA)并建立多因素耦合判别模型.研究结果表明:应用基于KPCA-FDA方法的判别法较单一FDA判别法具有更高准确性,消除各指标间信息叠加的影响,实现了矿井突水水源的快速、准确判别.

针对南方煤矿安全生产火灾风险管理评估的问题,选取东林矿火灾事故(煤层自燃倾向性等级均为Ⅱ类)为分析对象.列出了矿井火灾事故风险目录并采集煤矿火灾事故风险信息;建立了矿井火灾事故人、机、环、管耦合的事故模拟情景,计算矿井火灾事故风险损害后果和风险可能性,绘制矿井火灾事故风险矩阵图,得出事故风险等级值;根据矿井火灾事故风险评估的结果,形成动态事故风险监测机制,提出火灾事故风险的管理标准、技术措施、管理措施和应急准备.

以开展煤矿事故风险管理工作为需求,以中梁山北矿8大类主要煤矿事故中的瓦斯事故为分析对象,开展煤矿事故风险评估工作.列出了“煤矿瓦斯事故风险目录”;用“煤矿瓦斯事故风险采集表”计算了“煤矿瓦斯事故风险损害后果”和“煤矿瓦斯事故风险可能性”,绘制“煤矿瓦斯事故风险矩阵图”,得出煤矿瓦斯事故风险等级值;根据煤矿瓦斯事故风险评估的汇总结果,提出采用综合分析和历史比对方法,形成动态煤矿瓦斯事故风险动态监测机制.并提出风险的管理标准、技术措施、管理措施和应急准备.该研究为重庆市典型煤矿瓦斯事故风险管理提供一个应用示范案例.

以我国煤矿应急预案相关法律法规、标准规范为基础依据,概述了我国应急预案管理评估的研究现状;针对存在的问题,首先,提出构建基于煤矿现有文本预案的“横向到边、纵向到底”的多层次、多方位数字应急预案体系;其次,开展基于数字预案的应急处置流程构造和联动机制研究;再次,建立基于数字预案的“编制—实施—演练—评估—改进”的多方位、多层级数字预案系统及其闭环管理体系;随后,以典型省级区域煤矿安全生产风险管理体系为基础,设计煤矿生产安全事故数字预案系统评价体系和评估报告编制大纲;最后,在省级区域典型煤矿企业及其协议救护队示范应用.通过研究,提出构建一种典型省级区域煤矿生产安全事故多层次、多方位数字预案体系与评估体系的必要性、思路和技术方法.

The water accident in the 8 major coal mine accidents in Donglin Mine(the maximum water discharge is 1 950 m3/h)is taken as the object of analysis,and the "six tables and one chart of Chongqing Municipality′s Emergency Risk Management Operation Guide(Trial)"as the core framework to carry out coal mine accident risk assessment.First of all,listed the "coal mine water accident risk catalog","coal mine water accident risk collection table";secondly,calculated "coal mine water damage accident risk damage"and "coal mine water accident risk possibility",then drew"coal mine accident risk matrix,and the risk grade value of the accident of water damage in coal mine was obtained.According to the summary results of risk assessment of coal mine water disaster,the manage-ment standard,technical measure,management measure and emergency preparedness plan were put forward.Through the research of this paper,it has provided a typical example of the risk of coal mine accident in Chongqing.

In this paper,the mechanical and electrical accident risk control of Donglin Coal Mine was taken as the analysis object.The "list of coal mine electromechanical accident risk" was listed.By using the "coal mine electromechanical accident risk collection table",the results of "coal mine mechanical and electrical accidcnt risk damage" and "the possibility of coal mine mechanical and electrical accident risk" were calculated," coal mine electromechanical accident risk damage consequence" was drawn.According to the results of coal mine electromechanical accident risk assessment,the dynamic monitoring mechanism of mechanical and electrical accident risk of coal mine was put forward,and the risk of coal mine electromechanical accident risk was proposed.Management standards,technical measures,managemcnt measures and emergency preparedness was proposed,too.Through the research,this paper provides an application example for electromechanical accident risk management of state-owned coal and gas outburst mine in Chongqing.

选取东林矿8大类主要煤矿事故中的运输事故为分析对象,开展煤矿事故风险评估研究.列出"煤矿运输事故风险目录"、"煤矿运输事故风险采集表";计算了"煤矿运输事故风险损害后果"和"煤矿运输事故风险可能性",绘制"煤矿运输事故风险矩阵",得出煤矿运输事故风险等级值;根据煤矿运输事故风险评估的汇总结果,提出风险的管理标准、技术措施、管理措施和应急准备方案.通过研究,为典型煤矿运输事故风险管理提供一个应用示范案例.

Aiming at the technical problems of diversity of the existing mine emergency rescue equipment in our country,the non-standard emergency drill and the low utilization rate of the equipment in the actual rescue process,this paper analyzed the present research situation of the emergency rescue equipment management and decision-making both at home and abroad,described the mine emergency rescue equipment elements,the missions and tasks,the programs demand model,the structure of the integrated discussion platform,the equipment research and decision-making process,as well as the structure and configuration of the equipment supply chain information flow operation mode,put forward the construction ideas of the integrated mine emergency equipment hall for workshop based on the tasks and ability,and further proposed a mine emergency rescue equipment requirement and scheme generation system.All of these can lay a theoretical foundation for the equipment capacity building of the mine rescue team,the simulation training and the equipment comprehensive integration decision-making and optimization of the joint combat,and also help to improve the mine emergency rescue equipment level and actual combat command level in our country.

The remote ejection system of the existing mine emergency rescue command detection equipment is mostly used in air pressure or artificial throwing,which has a plenty of problems,including large volume,difficult to carry,close ejection distance and difficult to cross the complex mine rescue area,and so on.Considering four aspects,system structure,the disaster environmental detection module,launch vehicle;damping device and transmitter module carrier,a lightweight,simple emission mine disaster area emergency rescue unmanned detection system was put forward and designed;through research,it is expected to provide a practical unmanned detection equipment and method for the mine rescue team.

In this paper,the blasting accidents in 8 major coal mine accidents in Donglin Mine are taken as the analysis object,and the "six tables and one chart" of Chongqing Municipality Emergency Management Guidelines for Risk Management(Trial) is taken as the core framework to carry out coal mine accident risk evaluation.First,make a list of risk about coal mine accidents,and make a table of collected imformation of coal mine accident risk;secondly,calculate the risk of and its possibility of coal mine accident,draw a matrix of accident risk in coal mine,and the risk degree value of coal mine blasting accident was obtained;third,according to the summary results of risk assessment for coal mine blasting accident,the dynamic monitoring mechanism of dynamic risk of coal blasting accidents is formed,management standards,technical measures,management measures and emergency preparedness measures are also put forward.

To carry out coal and gas outburst mine gas accident risk management research,first of all,the list of "coal mine gas accident risk catalog" was obtained by using "coal mine gas accident risk collection table";secondly," coal mine gas accident risk damage consequences" and "coal mine gas accident risk possibility" were the calculated,and the coal mine gas accident risk matrix was drawn,the risk level value was gained for the gas accident risk of coal mine.According to the summary results of risk assessment for the gas accident risk of coal mine,the dynamic monitoring mechanism of dynamic risk of coal mine gas accident was established,management standards,technical measures,management measures and emergency preparedness of gas accident risk were also drawn up.Through this research,the paper has provided an application example for gas accident risk assessment of typical coal and gas outburst mine.

Aiming existing mines for domestic emergency command equipment types of complex,on-standard drills,the actual usage is low during the rescue problem,based HWME emergency rescue unit model methods to solve practical exercises and tabletop exercise in the process."Problems from qualitative to quantitative analysis of the comprehensive seminar hall system" with emergency rescue equipment and decision-making,and proposed emergency response equipment effectiveness evaluation methods;through this study,we will provide a scientific decision-making method and means for the emergency rescue capability,construction training and on-site disposal of the mine rescue team to enhance the level and actual combat level of the emergency rescue equipment of the mine rescue team.