In the context of urban regeneration, community renovation has been a vital approach for improving local living conditions and global sustainable development. Due to the financial burden and uneven regional development, China’s community renovation has gradually shifted from the government-led model to the market-oriented model. However, these projects are subject to various intra- and inter-stakeholder barriers, particularly hidden transaction costs. This study investigates the transaction costs experienced by key stakeholders, including residents, developers, governments, and architects, with a specific focus on the pre-design phase of market-oriented community renovation projects in China. Data on stakeholders’ experienced transaction costs and their origins were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaire surveys and were investigated using content analysis and quantitative analysis. Results show that developers bear the most categories of transaction costs. The most significant transaction costs persist in the interactions between developers and governments, including estimating benefits and costs and receiving project approval. Furthermore, negotiating costs are the primary obstructions that hinder stakeholder collaboration. By tracing the origins of these transaction costs, the study proposes measures to optimize the renovation process by reducing transaction costs.

The vitality of a city is shaped by its social structure, environmental quality, and spatial form, with child-friendliness being an essential component of urban vitality. While there are numerous qualitative studies on the relationship between child-friendliness and various indicators of urban vitality, quantitative research remains relatively scarce, leading to a lack of sufficient objective and trustworthy data to guide urban planning and the development of child-friendly cities. This paper presents an analytical framework, using Heping District in Tianjin, China, as a case study. It defines four main indicators—social vitality, environmental vitality, spatial vitality, and urban scene perception—for a trustworthy and transparent quantitative evaluation. The study integrates multi-source data, including primary education (POI) data, street view image (SVI) data, spatiotemporal big data, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and large visual language models (LVLMs) for the trustworthy analysis. These data are visualized using corresponding big data and weighted analysis methods, ensuring transparent and accurate assessments of the child-friendliness of urban blocks. This research introduces an innovative and trustworthy method for evaluating the child-friendliness of urban blocks, addressing gaps in the quantitative theory of child-friendliness in urban planning. It also provides a practical and reliable tool for urban planners, offering a solid theoretical foundation to create environments that better meet the needs of children in a trustworthy manner.

The relationship between the tourism economy and the ecological environment has always been a hot issue in tourism research today. Because increasing tourism in rural regions frequently endangers the environment and rural culture, this study uses the Markov Decision Process (MDP) to determine the best policy balance between environmental preservation and tourism infrastructure. First, this research describes the methods used to incorporate a decision-making framework based on MDP into rural ecotourism, with a particular emphasis on the Zibo region of China. To navigate this complex game interplay, we proposed a Markov Decision Process MDP model bearing three pivotal states for this problem. These states are the Economic State, Ecological State, and Environment State. In this model, we also identified three distinct actions. Each action carries its significance. These actions include Promoting Tourism, Environment Protection, and Infrastructural Investment. We relied on data spanning a decade in Zibo of China to calculate the likelihood and real-world dynamic probability. The optimum policy is driven after the MDP simulation. Second, to validate the optimum policy, the policies were also iterated. In the last phase, the Sequential Markov Decision Process is simulated. This simulation not only shows the current state and policy for the area but also predicts the future strategies and policies for Tourism Economy and Rural Environment protection. The experimental results show that the model achieved the best policy and strategy. The experimental results show that the model successfully achieved the best policy and strategy. After 10,000 iterations, the score of γ = 0.9 is achieved, and the iteration of policies provides a better insight into the chosen strategy. The results are optimistic, with our method achieving an accuracy of 85

相对于新建校园,既有校园绿色改造的应用面更广、问题更复杂,目前也缺乏针对性的绿色改造评价标准.本文横向借鉴STARS、LEED等国外相关评价标准在体系衔接、评价项分类、评价维度与要素等方面的典型特征;纵向整合国内相关标准中绿色校园、绿色改造评价的具体差异,综合归纳我国高校校园绿色改造评价框架的建构要点,提出《高校校园绿色改造评价标准》框架的总体构想,以期为相关标准的制定与优化提供参考.

健康老龄化背景下,建成环境与老年群体心理健康的关系逐渐受到学界各方关注.通过天津市中心城区16个典型老旧小区627位老人的调查问卷以及现场审计、遥感影像等多源数据,研究利用多级回归模型、中介效应模型、倾向值匹配法,探讨中国特定城市居住背景下绿色空间影响老年人心理健康的路径与机制.结果发现老年人心理健康受个人层面与邻里层面两方面因素影响.其中邻里层面绿色空间的覆盖度、功能以及景观植被对老年人心理健康产生正向影响,并且体力活动以及社会凝聚力起到中介作用.研究为绿色空间对老年人心理健康有益的潜在假设提供了证据,并且建议通过有针对性的城市更新规划与老旧小区改造措施促进老年心理健康.

The Chinese government has taken actions to promote energy efficiency through the renovation of residential buildings in the Northern Heating Region. Homeowners have been encouraged to undertake government-led energy efficiency renovation; however, their decisions to undertake the renovation are affected by several barriers. The lack of participation from homeowners has brought difficulties in execution and financing. This study empirically investigated the barriers facing homeowners when undertaking the renovation, including barriers generated from the homeowner’s cognitive biases. The results show that barriers associated with capital cost, unbalanced financial plan, unclear process, comfort, and increased energy prices are the most widely considered when homeowners make decisions about undertaking renovation projects. An adverse decision is most likely to be generated when: (1) when homeowners perceive the financial plan as unfair, (2) when they have already done renovation at their own expense, or (3) when they have the feeling of losing initiative. Among all the individual factors, the homeowners’ gender, age, education level, and building type are significant in predicting their decisions. By drawing on insights from behavioral economics, we analyzed the mechanisms behind these barriers. The findings can help policymakers to design more cost-effective policy instruments to mitigate the barriers.

In China, energy efficiency retrofit of residential buildings is entering a new stage in which homeowners are the main subject. In order to investigate homeowners’ willingness to invest and to analyze its influencing factors, interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted in central Tianjin, China. The results show that homeowners have a certain willingness to invest in energy efficiency retrofit but that their willingness to pay (WTP) is far from enough to cover the total cost. Among the influencing factors, the homeowner’s age, education level, and retrofit experience as well as the age and floor area of their home are significantly related to their WTP. The reasons for the impact of these factors are further discussed, including the influences of China’s previous housing policies and retrofit policies. Policy recommendations to promote investment by homeowners are suggested based on the findings.

In China’s government-led energy efficient renovation of residential buildings, homeowners’ participation refers to their involvement and engagement throughout the process. Lacking homeowners’ participation has brought difficulties in the execution and financing of the projects. This paper explores the current situation of homeowners’ participation and provides suggestions for optimization from three perspectives: the steps and procedures of the participation process, the composition of the working group responsible for contacting the homeowners, and the contents to be discussed during the process. The semi-structured interview and questionnaire results show that homeowners’ participation is not adequate, and the current arrangement deviates from their expectations. Although most homeowners are positive towards government-led renovation and are enthusiastic about being involved, the process setup is not well-designed to let them fully participate. Moreover, their expectations and preferences are related to several factors. It can be concluded that relevant laws and regulations should be introduced to provide a basis for solving problems at the executive level, and homeowner associations should be established to serve as a channel of communication between homeowners and the working group. Designing targeted renovation and participation strategy is a necessity to minimize the communication efforts.

[目的]乡村资源与规划的集中收缩是现状分析和新一轮政策引导的明确指向,文章通过分析鲁西南原生农业型乡村规划实际,从居住、公共服务支撑、文娱休闲、消费4个微观层面考察生活空间构建对应"收缩"的现状,为制定相关响应对策提供借鉴和参考样本.[方法]采用问卷调查法和实际研究法相结合的方式,针对案例乡村展开乡村规划、社区建设、生活空间现状的综合调研,总结出区域现状和特征.[结果]新旧乡村社区存在原有生活方式与人居条件的不平衡发展,呈现破与立的矛盾多样性;人员结构、老龄化等问题没有得到切实的空间响应,新型乡村社区建设的城市化思维植入严重;教育、医疗等公共服务空间与人口规模、人员结构的综合统筹仍不够合理,资源分散且设施陈旧;文娱休闲空间微观响应没有切合居民生活方式由农闲向休闲的转化特质;单一化、散点式消费空间难以提升并满足居民生活需求;乡土特色的集市正逐步消亡,侧面加剧了乡土文化的衰退.[结论]"精明收缩"理论的应用不单单在于规划层面的实操,更在于精细化的落地实施和价值评判;面对收缩实质,乡村社区生活空间发展应变"被动"为"主动",在生态产业与生态社区耦合发展、居住空间分类整合、公共资源集约等方面积极调整.

BackgroundA living University campus is like a model city; its energy and carbon auditing can also model how energy and carbon can be studied and analyzed in a city. China’s colleges and universities face grave problems, now and in the future - from declining quality of campus environments to deteriorating building performance, antiquated facilities, and inefficient energy and resources consumption. While research and discussion exists on improving existing university buildings’ energy performance and evaluation standards - much of that research focuses on energy savings, rather than on greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Calculation of campus carbon emissions is the first step for transforming and planning each existing university to carbon neutral campus. Some researchers of campus carbon emissions in China have made calculations, which, although as yet unpublished, create an initial framework for carbon-neutral campus plan targets. The present research gives an overview of universities’ drive towards sustainability in China and in other countries. The paper then details carbon footprint accounting steps, quantifying major carbon emission sources and carbon sequestration by vegetation inside the Tianjin University’s Weijin Road and Peiyangyuan Campuses. Results from China’s universities are compared with international results in the scientific literature. In this paper, based on this data, we suggest strategies and show preliminary target settings for how to transform Weijin Road into a carbon-neutral campus. ResultsAnnual carbon emissions for 2019 of the Weijin Road campus were 58,172.68 tonnes, (2.60 tonnes per person), and Peiyangyuan campus, 55,213.75 tonnes (2.46 tonnes per person). The largest sources of the two campuses’ greenhouse gas emissions were electricity and gas; Weijin Road campus; electricity = 61.42%, gas = 20.73%, and Peiyangyuan campus electricity = 69.32%, gas = 11.60%. Carbon sequestered in the two campuses by vegetation are 11,257.34 tonnes and 27,856.51 tonnes respectively. The renewable energy contribution to carbon reduction in Peiyangyuan campus is 50.85 tonnes.ConclusionPer person carbon emissions of Tianjin University’s two campuses are below the average for some US campuses, but are also greater than some in European countries. Research may investigate methods used by successful campuses towards becoming carbon neutral.

Higher education institutions (HEIs) in both early and mature stages of sustainable development (SD) have been moving toward sustainability. Methods for assessing SD have been developed from global and regional contexts to support sustainability efforts. The purpose of this paper is to formulate guidelines as input to develop a sustainable assessment tool (SAT) for China based on the current SD stage of Chinese HEIs. Through desk research, SATs were selected and analyzed. Fifteen SATs consisting of more than 1000 indicators included in the analysis and based on components for developing SATs were identified, and then the components were selected and discussed through an online workshop engaging a 34-people Chinese research team, in order to formulate the guidelines for Chinese HEIs. The findings reveal that the emphasis of SATs mainly results from their contexts, purposes and stages, backgrounds or focus. Chinese HEIs are in the early SD stage, and the multiple purposes and components of SATs are identified to support local sustainability efforts. Having a clear understanding of the current SD stages of SATs and selecting the components accordingly would enable them to fully reach their potential in practice, especially in the case of early SD HEIs.

天津大学建筑教育发展迄今已逾80年,以徐中、彭一刚、崔愷为代表的三代天大建筑学人匠心传承,投身并见证了天津大学建筑教育的辉煌.徐中的教育思想奠定了天津大学建筑教育的基础,构建了天津大学建筑教育的人才培养体系;彭一刚作为徐中的学生和其教育思想的继承者,在其身体力行的引领下,无论是其个人成就还是学院的发展都达到一个新的高峰;崔愷作为天津大学的兼职教授、博士生导师、双聘院士,在建筑创作、理论研究方面都秉承了天津大学严谨求实的学风,为建筑学院的发展起到了不可替代的作用.秉承天大建筑的传统优势,建筑学院作为天津大学的品牌学院之一和双一流重点建设的学院迎来了新的发展契机,朝着"中国特色、世界一流、天大品格、建院情怀"的人才培养目标不断进取.

既有住宅加装电梯是老旧小区改造和解决居家养老问题的重要措施之一.本文以加梯工作主导类型、实施主体运作机制和行政审批程序三个方面为切入点,调研了我国多个省市既有住宅加装电梯工作的实施模式和经验,结合天津市首部既有住宅加装电梯工程,提出市场主导型、实行委托代理人制度和优化行政审批程序等具体做法和理论依据,建立适合我国现有国情的既有住宅加装电梯的可持续实施模式.

在优化行政区划设置和培育发展现代化都市圈的新时代,南京、济南、哈尔滨等城市被国家点名“省会作用不够”.这些省会城市的都市圈协调发展普遍面临行政区划掣肘问题,行政区划调整往往也成为各地规划建设都市圈以及推动都市圈实现一体化发展、提升竞争力水平的关键抓手.基于合肥、西安、成都、南京等典型省会都市圈发展与规划案例分析,文章理清了都市圈区域协调发展面临的行政区划困境表征,以及服务都市圈区域协调发展的行政区划调整主要模式、适应性规划策略及行政区划调整导向下都市圈区域协调发展机理,并结合济南都市圈规划建设与行政区划调整的发展历程、面临问题及优势条件分析,提出行政区划调整导向下的济南都市圈区域协调发展规划策略,包括强化核心、动能转换、区位再造、文化协同、生态共治,以期为西安(西咸)、兰州(兰白)等同类都市圈区域协调发展与规划提供参考.

1860年第二次鸦片战争后,天津开埠.因租界建设的需要引入了西方城市建设的法规体系,同时也引入了现代建筑师执业制度,并被中国政府逐渐吸纳而应用于华界的建设中,完成了本土营造行业从工匠传统向现代建筑师执业制度的转型.本文以历史档案为依据,以发展脉络为线索,从职业称谓、登记资格、业务范围三个方面,分析了天津近代建筑师执业登记制度的形成与发展,厘清了天津近代建筑师执业资格认证的源流.

本文从推动政府出台政策、主持编制技术导则、深入社区调研宣传三个层面推动天津市老旧小区既有住宅加装电梯的工作,并参与了一项签订协议、方案设计、报建审批、施工建设,到竣工验收等全过程的加装电梯示范工程的建设工作,从中得到启示:明确业主为加梯工作的投资主体,企业为实施主体,政府只发挥帮助和监管作用;业主统一意愿是第一个步骤也是最困难的环节;简化行政审批程序是工程得以有效实施的关键.

以天津生态城某绿色建筑住宅项目为例,对绿色建筑室内PM2.5评估与控制方法开展研究.通过相关研究调研发现室内PM2.5浓度受室外环境影响较大,从提高外窗气密性以及增加新风净化系统两个方面,对绿色建筑室内PM2.5浓度进行评估与控制.初步得出结论:天津地区住宅项目外窗气密性等级达到7级且新风净化效率达到95％时,可将室内PM2.5浓度降低至15μg/m3,满足人体健康要求.

中新天津生态城海绵城市建设过程中,存在下垫面硬化严重、水资源短缺、雨水径流污染、管理制度不完善等问题.以临海新城建设为例,项目采用透水铺装、雨水桶、下凹式绿地、雨水花园等海绵设施,通过模拟分析,年径流总量控制率达标,实现雨水资源回收利用,降低径流污染.海绵城市建设实施后,天津生态城雨水年均收集近300万m3,可节约1 500万元,经济效益巨大.通过加强过程管理,保证了项目海绵设施按图施工.