目的 分析国内外传染病流行病学方向相关学术期刊,为专业技术人员投稿和查阅文献提供依据.方法 于2021年12月收集整理2020版期刊引证报告(journal citation eport,JCR)、中文期刊中传染病流行病学相关期刊,采用总引用数、影响因子、年载文量等指标整理SCI期刊,采用刊期、收录数据库等指标整理中文期刊.结果 目前与传染病流行病学方向相关英文期刊共有78本,主要分布在"传染病"、"公共、环境和职业卫生"、"统计与概率"等学科类别中;中文期刊共有19本,其中4本被PubMed收录,11本被《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录.结论 传染病流行病学专业相关期刊较多,但缺少此方向的独立期刊,随着学科发展,发文需求增加,为促进其发展,建议成立专刊.

The prevalence of hypertension in children has increased significantly in recent years in China. The aim of this study was to provide scientific support to control ambient heavy metals (HMs) pollution and prevent childhood hypertension. In this study, ambient HMs in PM 2.5 were collected, and 1339 students from Tianjin were randomly selected. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to identify and determine the sources of HMs pollution. The generalized linear model, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and the quantile g-computation method were used to analyze the relationships between exposure to HMs and the risk of childhood hypertension. The results showed that HMs in PM 2.5 mainly came from four sources: soil dust, coal combustion, incineration of municipal waste and the metallurgical industry. The positive relationships between As, Se and Pb exposures and childhood hypertension risk were found. Coal combustion and incineration of municipal waste were important sources of HMs in the occurrence of childhood hypertension. Based on these accomplishments, this study could provide guidelines for the government and individuals to alleviate the damaging effects of HMs in PM 2.5 . The government must implement policies to control prime sources of HMs pollution. Graphical abstract

目的:了解天津市航空口岸入境人员及境外输入性新型冠状病毒感染者的流行病学特征及疫情输入的时空特征.方法:采用描述性统计对2020年3月21日—2022年2月28日入境人员相关信息进行描述;采用卡方检验、Fisher确切概率法分析不同年龄、国籍输入性感染率差异;采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验分析输入性感染率趋势;采用聚类分析对入境航班的输入性风险进行分类并使用ArcGIS制作可视化地图.结果:截至2022年2月28日,天津市航空口岸累计发现877例(0.56％)输入性感染者,输入性感染率2021年6月前呈平稳趋势,6月起呈上升趋势(Z=3.748,P＜0.01),2022年1月达到最高点;病例来源国中,旅居塞内加尔的人员中输入性感染率最高(2.61％);塞内加尔、塞尔维亚、波兰、尼日尔为天津市新型冠状病毒肺炎输入高风险国家.结论:天津市输入性疫情风险呈升高趋势,风险较高的地区为欧洲及非洲.

Objective: To analysis the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the fields of occupational health (code H2602) and occupational diseases (code H2402) from 2008 to 2019, to provide a reference for the project application of scientific researchers in the field of occupational diseases in China. Methods: In October 2021, the information of all National Natural Science Foundation projects in the field of occupational health and occupational diseases from 2008 to 2019 was collected through LetPub website. It mainly analyzes the types of funded projects, the types of supporting units, the occupational disease hazard factors of the funded projects, the types of occupational injuries and representative research directions. Results: From 2008 to 2019, the National Natural Science Foundation of China funded a total of 282 projects in the field of occupational health and occupational diseases, with a total funding of 113.902 million yuan. Among them, 138 projects (48.94%) were funded, 96 (34.04%) were funded by youth science funds, and 35 projects (12.41%) were funded by regional science funds. 31 (79.93%) funded projects relied on the type of institutions of higher learning, 126 (46.84%) occupational disease hazard factors were chemical factors, and 83 (30.86%) occupational damage types were lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. Epigenetic regulation is the most important representative research direction of the funded projects. Conclusion: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project funding in the field of occupational health and occupational diseases in China has maintained a stable trend, but there are still problems such as incomplete funding system and late start of some research directions.

生物标志物对于尘肺病的早期筛查、诊断具有重要价值.寻找简单、快速、准确的生物标志物是目前预防尘肺病所要解决的重要问题.本文对近几年尘肺病早期生物标志物,如接触性生物标志物、效应性生物标志物、易感性生物标志物等的相关研究作一综述,以期为尘肺病的预防提供科学依据,为后续研究提供参考.

To investigate the health effects of fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5)-bound heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) before and after the implementation of the Urban Natural Gas Heating Project (UNGHP), the lifetime cancer risks, hazard quotients (HQs) of heavy metals and PAHs were calculated. Seven kinds of heavy metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni and Se) and 12 kinds of PAHs including acenaphthylene (ANY), acenaphthene (ANA), fluoranthene (FLT), pyrene (PYR), chrysene (CHR), benz[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), benzo[ghi]perylene (BPE) and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IPY) were analyzed and used for the health risk assessments. It was found that HQ of Mn fell from 1.09 in the coal-burning period to 0.72 in the gas-burning period in the suburban area. And lifetime cancer risks of PAHs fell from 35.7 × 10–6 in the coal-burning period to 17.22 × 10–6 in the gas-burning period in the urban area. It could be concluded that, during the gas-burning period, downward trends were observed for the lifetime cancer risks and HQs of most kinds of heavy metals and PAHs in all regions of Tianjin compared to those during the coal-burning period. The UNGHP was effective, and we should also take other measures to control the pollution.

Objective: To assess the health risks of welding fume jobs with five occupational health risk assessment methods, and to compare the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of these methods in the health risk assessment of welding fume. Methods: The International Commission for Mining and Metals (ICMM) occupational health risk assessment method, MES method, the qualitative method and comprehensive index method in GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" were used to assess the risk of welding fume exposure positions in four manufacturing enterprises in Tianjin in March, 2020. The assessment results of different methods were standardized by risk ratio (RR) . Results: After the results were standardized, the results of enterprises 1, 2 and 4 were negligible risks, enterprise 3 was medium risk in the ICMM matrix method and MES method, and the results of ICMM quantitative method for each enterprise were negligible risk, low risk, extremely high risk and low risk, respectively. The results of the qualitative assessment of the guidelines for all companies were negligible risks, and the comprehensive index method were medium risks. Conclusion: The five models are all suitable for occupational health risk assessment of welding fumes, but they all have certain shortcomings. They should be combined with qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment results for comprehensive analysis.

Objective Compare the urban-rural disparity in cancer mortality and changing trend during the past 18 years in Tianjin, China. Methods Cancer death data were obtained from Tianjin All Cause of Death Registration System (CDRS), which covers the whole population of Tianjin. We calculated and compared the constituent ratio of cancer deaths, age-standardized mortality rate(ASR)and changing trends between urban and rural areas. Results From 1999 to 2016, a total of 245,744 cancer deaths were reported, accounting 21.7% of all deaths in Tianjin. The ASR of total cancer mortality was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. A total of 33,739 persons were avoided dying of cancers in rural area compared to the urban death level from 1999 to 2016, which was 40.1% compare to the current level of rural areas. But the gap between urban and rural areas became narrowed gradually. The urban-rural ratios (urban/rural) of total cancer mortality changed from 1.76 (125.7/71.5)[95%CI,1.67,1.84] in 1999 to 1.11 (99.6/90.0)[95%CI,1.06,1.15] in 2016. The ASR of lung, liver and esophagus cancer became higher in rural areas than in urban areas in 2016. Conclusion Cancer transition was obviously occurred in Tianjin and showed different speeds and big gap between urban and rural areas. Much more attention was needed to pay in rural areas which still have increasing trends in most cancers mortality recently.

This study focuses on effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on chronic disease under different levels of temperature. We obtained type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke and coronary heart disease hospital admissions (HAs) from five hospitals in urban Tianjin as well as the concentrations of PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). We used distributed lag nonlinear models to explore nonlinear and lag effects of PM2.5. In single-pollutant models, PM2.5 was positively associated with type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke and coronary heart disease HAs, with strongest effects at lag1, lag0 and lag06, respectively. The corresponding relative risk rates (RR%) were 1.836%, 2.083% and 6.428%. In co-pollutant models, the correlation between PM2.5 and HAs on high-temperature days was generally stronger than that on low-temperature days. This study indicated that PM2.5 can increase HA rates for these chronic diseases, and effects of PM2.5 on high-temperature days were stronger than that on low-temperature days.

Abstract Objectives Reduced lung function during childhood could substantially influence the health states of the respiratory system in adults, so, the relationships between air pollution, road proximity, greenspace, indoor air pollution and reduced lung function incidence in children were investigated in this study. Methods The lung function of children was tested every year from 2015 to 2018 and the method of case-control study was applied. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize confounding bias and the conditional logistic regression model was carried out to evaluate the effects of indoor and outdoor environmental risk factors on reduced lung function of children. Results Each-one quartile increment in the mixture of the six air pollutants at lag1, lag2 and lag3 periods were related to 46.2%, 9.57% and 8.28% increased risk levels of getting the unhealthy outcome. The protective effect of greenness at lag2 period (Odds ratios (OR) = 0.01 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0–0.02)) was stronger than that at lag1 period (OR = 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01–0.05)). Conclusions Separate and combined effects of most air pollutants at different lag periods represented the hazard effects to the lung function of students. And the distance band of 101–200 m between the home address of each student and the major road could be detrimental to the health of the lung of children significantly. Exposure levels of greenness had protective effects on lung health for students. Only the indoor factor of secondhand smoke exposure was significantly associated with an elevated risk of having reduced lung function.

The occurrences of impaired lung function during childhood could substantially influence the health states of the respiratory system in adults. So, the effects of air pollution and green spaces on impaired lung function in children were investigated in this study. The lung function of each student was tested every year from 2015 to 2017 and the method of case-control study was applied. 2087 students aged from 9 to 11 years old of primary schools in Tianjin were ultimately included in this study. The method of propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize the confounding bias and the conditional logistic regression model was carried out to evaluate the effects of indoor and outdoor environmental risk factors on the occurrences of impaired lung function in children. For every interquartile range (IQR) increase in the mixture of six air pollutants at the lag1, lag2, and lag3 periods, the risks of getting impaired lung function were increased by 53.4%, 34.7%, and 16.9%, respectively. The protective effect of greenness at lag2 period (odds ratios (OR)) = 0.022 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.008-0.035)) was stronger than that at lag1and lag3 periods, respectively. Separate and combined effects of most air pollutants at different lag periods exerted hazardous effects on the lung function of students. Exposure to greenness had protective effects on the lung health of children.

目的 构建基于老年人群健康效应的天津市空气质量健康指数(AQHI).方法 建立2014—2017年天津市市内六区大气污染数据与老年人群循环系统疾病(CVD)死亡数据的时间序列数据库,并利用主成分分析法(PCA)和广义相加模型(GAM)建立暴露-反应关系,进而构建AQHI.结果 2014—2017天津市市内六区PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3的年均浓度分别为72、116、28、48、1606、58μg/m3.大气污染物主成分F2、F3和F4滞后1日浓度(F2-lag1,F3-lag1,F4-lag1)对老年人群CVD归因YLL的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05),天津市t日AQHI的计算公式为AQHIt=10(0.3853 F2-lag1+0.7961 F3-lag1-0.0613 F4-lag1)/1129.625,依据AQHI,人群健康风险分为低(0～3)、中(4～6)、高(7～10)和严重(≥11)健康风险.结论 通过建立大气污染物主成分与老年人群CVD归因YLL之间的暴露-反应关系,构建AQHI可行,此方法可为其他地市AQHI的建立提供借鉴.

[背景]电焊烟尘是引起我国法定职业病的危险因素之一.2017年国际癌症研究机构将电焊烟尘列为人类致癌物质(第1类),电焊烟尘对作业工人健康危害不容忽视.[目的]探讨电焊烟尘与肺癌发生的关联性及关联强度.[方法]通过中国知网、万方数据库检索中文文献,通过PubMed、Embase和Web of Science 数据库检索英文文献,主题词包括“电焊烟尘”“电焊工人“肺癌”病例对照”“welding fumes”“welding”“welder”“lung cancer”“neoplasms”“tumor”“case-control study”“occupational cancer”.按照入选和排除标准严格筛选文献.根据异质性检验结果,选取固定效应模型或随机效应模型进行效应值合并.利用Egger法检验是否存在发表偏倚.[结果]共纳入14篇关于职业性电焊烟尘暴露与肺癌关系的病例对照研究文献.根据异质性检验结果,I2=76.4％,采用随机效应模型合并效应值,合并OR值为1.46 (95％Cl:1.21～1.77),表明暴露于电焊烟尘可增加肺癌发生风险.Egger法检验结果显示t=0.62,P＞0.05,可认为漏斗图基本对称,不存在发表偏倚.亚组分析结果I2＞50％,并不能证明各亚组之间的研究同质.敏感性分析结果未发生较大改变,说明此次meta分析结果较稳健.[结论]电焊烟尘暴露可能增加肺癌发生风险.

目的 分析2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者陈旧性脑梗死的流行状况,并探索T2DM患者脑梗死的相关因素,为其预防和控制提供科学依据.方法 回顾性查阅2008年1月1日至2013年3月1日天津医科大学代谢病医院(现更名为天津医科大学朱宪彝纪念医院)住院的2 525例糖尿病患者的病历资料,收集相关信息,排除其他类型糖尿病以及未做脑部电子计算机断层扫描(CT)或磁共振成像(MRI)检查的T2DM患者,最终纳入2 169例T2DM患者作为研究对象,分析T2DM患者陈旧性脑梗死的患病情况和分布特点.采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行t检验、x2检验及秩和检验,脑梗死患病影响因素采用单因素和多因素非条件logistic回归进行分析.结果 在2 169例T2DM住院患者中,178例(8.2％)有陈旧性脑梗死,男性T2DM患者陈旧性脑梗死患病率(9.6％)高于女性(6.5％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);并且脑梗死的患病率随年龄的增长呈递增的趋势(P＜0.01).陈旧性脑梗死组平均年龄、糖尿病病程、体质指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)和血尿酸(SUA)水平均高于无脑血管疾病组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);并且男性以及糖尿病足、骨质疏松、周围神经病变、冠心病、高血压、高纤维蛋白原血症的比例高于无脑血管疾病组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);而糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平低于无脑血管疾病组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄、男性、糖尿病病程长、高BMI和高血压史与脑梗死患病有关[OR值(95％CI)分别为1.782(1.438～ 2.209)、1.897(1.293～2.782)、1.894(1.486～2.416)、1.495(1.155～1.935)和2.017(1.368～2.974)].结论 T2DM患者中脑梗死的患病率较高,特别是高龄、病程长的男性患者,控制体重和血压有利于降低脑梗死的患病率.

目的 探讨大气污染物与气温对2型糖尿病发病的影响,并分析二者的交互作用,为2型糖尿病的预防提供参考和科学依据.方法 以天津市某区2015年1月1日—2017年12月31日所有2型糖尿病病例作为研究对象,分析同期大气污染物、气象因素与2型糖尿病发病数的相关性,采用双变量响应面模型、单污染物气温交互模型分析大气污染物与气温对2型糖尿病发病的交互作用.结果 当PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO浓度分别位于lag1、lag03、lag3、lag03、lag1时,大气污染物浓度每升高10μg/m3(CO为100μg/m3)时2型糖尿病发病的RR值最高,其RR(95％CI)分别为1.003(95％CI:0.987～1.010),1.003(95％CI:0.991～1.013),1.002(95％CI:0.978～1.041),1.007(95％CI:0.977～1.050)和1.001(95％CI:0.997～1.030).按照气温P15～P85进行分层后的单污染物和多污染物交互模型结果显示,高温时大气污染物对2型糖尿病的发病风险的影响高于低温时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO均可能升高2型糖尿病的发病风险,且在高温时致病风险较高.

Objective To study the effects of selenium combined with vitamin B6 on blood lipid and lipid metabolism in patients with hyperlipidemia,and to explore its regulatory mechanism.Methods A total of 100 patients with hyperlipidemia detected by physical examination during June 2017 to December 2017 were divided into control group and experimental group according to stratified-block random method,with 50 cases in each group.Patients in experimental group took the selenium (50 μg/d) enriched yeast vitamin E tablets and vitamin B6 tablets (10 mg/d).Patients in control group took vitamin E tablets with ordinary yeast.Both of them were treated for 30 days.The routine physical examination (including rounting blood test and blood biochemical examination) was performed on the 0th day and the 30th day,respectively.Serum level of selenium,vitamin B6,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured.On the 30th day of the experiment,the levels of serum 3-hydroxyl-3-methylamyl two coenzyme A reductase (HMGR),liver lipase,lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total lipase were detected in both groups.The mRNA level of silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor αt (PPARαt) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in the whole blood were analyzed by real-time transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results The physical examination indexes of experimental group were not different from those in control group on the 0th day and the 30th day after the intervention (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the 0th day,the level of serum albumin in control group and experimental group on the 30th day were decreased (t =5.942,6.162,all P ＜ 0.05).Other physical examination indexes of control group and experimental group were not changed on the 30th day (all P ＞ 0.05).The serum level of total cholesterol and LDL-C on the 30th day in experimental group were lower than those of control group and the 0th day when compared with itself (t =2.960,2.990,all P ＜ 0.05;t =2.190,2.086,all P ＜ 0.05).On the 30th day,compared with control group,the serum level of HMGR was decreased but the liver lipase,LPL and total lipase levels were increased (t =5.839,-2.072,3.115,-2.323,all P＜0.05).The level of SIRT1 and PPARα mRNA in the whole blood of experimental group were higher than those of control group,but the level of SREBP-1 c mRNA was lower than that of control group (t =6.295,7.662,6.857,all P ＜ 0.05).The serum level of selenium and vitamin B6 in experimental group were higher than those of control group at the 30th day and the 0th day when compared with itself (t =-2.606,-2.710,all P ＜0.05;t =-4.296,-3.690,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Moderate supplementation of selenium enriched yeast combined with vitamin B6 can reduce the level of serum total cholesterol and LDL-C among people with hyperlipidemia.The mechanism may be caused by the regulation of the expression of key lipid metabolic regulators such as SIRT1,PPARαt and SREBP-1c,as well as the secretion of lipid metabolism enzymes such as HMGR,liver lipase and LPL.

目的 了解集中空调通风系统环境中从业人员健康状况.方法 于2013年9--11月选取天津市15家公共场所为研究现场,其中8家公共场所安装有集中空调通风系统(包括写字楼、宾馆、超市及普通旅店),另选择与之类型相同的7家未装备集中空调的公共场所作为对照.以上述15家公共场所的337名从业人员为调查对象(集中空调组:172人;对照组:165人),以问卷调查形式了解近一个月呼吸道不适症状(流涕、鼻塞、鼻腔干燥、咳嗽、咯痰等)、眼不适症状(眼睛干涩、眼痒、易流泪等)、皮肤不适症状(瘙痒、皮肤干燥等)以及头痛、疲劳、嗜睡、注意力不集中等自觉不适症状的发生情况.结果 集中空调组不适症状阳性率[14.0％(24/172)]高于对照组[7.3％(12/165)],差异有统计学意义(x2=3.939,P＜0.05),集中空调组流涕、鼻塞、鼻腔干燥的阳性率分别为11.0％,12.2％,10.5％,均高于对照组且差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),眼睛干涩的阳性率(11.0％)和皮肤干燥的阳性率(10.1％)均高于对照组(P＜0.05),头痛(10.5％)、疲劳(9.9％)、嗜睡(11.0％)、注意力不集中(9.3％)的阳性率均高于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 应进一步关注集中空调环境对从业人员呼吸系统等不良健康影响.

The current air quality index (AQI) has been argued for failing to respond to the combined health effects of multiple air pollutants. Thus, it is a challenge to construct a new indicator, air quality health index (AQHI) to comprehensively assess and predict air quality and the health effects caused by air pollution. Here, we have comprehensively considered the relationship between six air pollutants and the total mortality. And we constructed AQHI using the principal component analysis (FCA) by taking into account of the associations between six main air pollutants and YLL in Tianjin, China from 2014 to 2017. Then, we used the K-fold cross-validation method and the method of comparing AQHI with AQI to assess the validity of AQHI, respectively. Two principal components (F1 and F2) were used to construct AQHI; the cumulative contribution rate of variance for them was >70% (53.6% and 16.4%, respectively). With each unit increase of F1, the total daily YLL increased by 18.420 person-years. With each unit increase of F2, the total daily YLL increased by 22.409 person-years. The correlation between the predicted and actual values of total mortality and total YLL of AQHI was 0.742 (P < 0.001) and 0.700 (P < 0.001), respectively. The difference between AQI and AQHI was statistically significant (χ2 = 103.15, P < 0.001). There was a correlation between AQHI and AQI (r = 0.807, P < 0.01), and the grading was also correlated (rs = 0.580, P < 0.01). With an increase of interquartile range (IQR) for AQHI, the daily YLL increased by 32.797 (95% CI: 14.559, 51.034), while for the AQI, the daily YLL increased by 22.367 (95% CI: 6.619, 38.116), which was less than AQHI. These results imply that AQHI can comprehensively consider the impact of various pollutants on disease mortality and YLL, and can comprehensively reflect air quality, which has an important practical significance.

目的 探求大气污染对天津市儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响,为疾病的预防与控制提供依据.方法 利用单污染物和多污染物条件Logistic回归模型,来估计空气污染物浓度和儿童呼吸系统疾病发病之间的关系.结果 单污染物条件Logistic回归模型显示,大气中NO2、PM2.5、PM10、CO的超额危险度(excess risk rate,ER)及其95％ CI分别为2.823％(2.581～3.065)、0.476％(0.382 ～0.569)、0.437％(0.368～0.506)、22.263％ (15.449 ～ 29.478).多污染物条件Logistic回归分析显示:在寒冷季节,NO2暴露对儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响效应最大,ER及其95％CI为7.395％ (6.595 ～8.202).结论 NO2、PM10、PM2.5 、CO日平均浓度的升高可以增高儿童呼吸系统疾病的发生风险.

The situation of air pollution has become increasingly serious and its relationship with diabetes becomes a new research concern, in China. After going through a large number of epidemiological studies published in recent years, this paper reviews the relationship between major air pollutants and both blood glucose and blood lipid, related to type 2 diabetes. It also summarizes the relationships among the main pollutants of the atmosphere so as to propose the research directions in this field. Hopefully, this paper can provide reference for forming policies on air pollution, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes in the country.