Biodiversity conservation efforts are often concentrated on a narrow subset of charismatic species, which attract disproportionate attention and funding.1 While this bias is usually reported in animal conservation,2,3,4 whether botanical gardens exhibit similar patterns remains poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed geographic and taxonomic imbalances in botanical garden collections,5,6,7 but which species drive these patterns and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. China is recognized as the “mother of gardens” for its contribution to global horticultural diversity.8,9 The long introduction history of Chinese endemic plants provides an opportunity to examine the historical factors shaping current ex situ conservation patterns. We analyzed 5,158 Chinese endemic plants across 636 botanical gardens, revealing that 43 species (0.83%) appeared in 100 or more gardens. Ginkgo biloba and Metasequoia glyptostroboides appeared in more than 300 gardens, whereas 45% existed in only a single garden. The factors that promoted the widespread collection of certain Chinese endemic plants in botanical gardens include not only ornamental or conservation value but also relict “living fossil,” centuries-long introduction histories, and cultural symbolism. Species co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Rhododendron co-occurrence across gardens is far from random. These Rhododendron hub combinations are held almost exclusively by gardens outside China (94.7% of holding gardens), reflecting Rhododendron-focused collecting by Western plant hunters during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in China. Our findings demonstrate that botanical garden collections must shift from charismatic species bias toward conservation-driven strategies that prioritize underrepresented endemics based on extinction risk rather than horticultural fame.

Invasive alien species (IAS) significantly threaten global biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Despite increasing management efforts, a critical knowledge gap existed in understanding commonalities and disparities among national strategies. We analyzed several IAS management lists from 23 countries and the European Union, focusing specifically on vascular plant species within these lists. List composition, characteristics, and associated management measures were analyzed. Key patterns in species prioritization across national lists and intercontinental exchange of invasive alien plants (IAPs) were identified. Pistia stratiotes, Pontederia crassipes, Salvinia molesta, Cabomba caroliniana, Ulex europaeus were identified as globally recognized threats, being listed by at least 33.3% of analyzed countries and invading five or more continents. Aquatic plants were found to be more frequently included in management lists. A significant directional invasion pattern between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres was identified. Species native to Asia were observed to dominate as significant donors of IAPs across continents. The analysis of list management strategies highlighted substantial gaps in achieving Target 6 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, particularly in species prioritization and inclusion of potential IAPs. In response to these challenges, a tiered classification system for invasive alien species list was proposed, encompassing High-Priority, Watchlist, Potential, and Priority Site categories, which aimed at enhancing management effectiveness by tailoring strategies to different invasion stages and ecological contexts. This study could contribute to understanding global IAPs management strategies and serve as a reference for policymakers and conservation managers to identify priority IAPs and refine management approaches.

•The latest 403 invasive alien plants in China are updated.•A summary of five volumes of 'Alien Invasive Flora of China' and recent invasive plants reports.•Compared with weeds, invasive plants emphasis on the destruction of biodiversity and native ecosystems.•Classical plant taxonomy is the basis of invasive plants research.

植物名称是人类对植物研究与利用等活动的基础.植物名称的变化可能成为不同行业之间交流的障碍,错误或含混的植物名称可能会造成不便甚至损失.北京作为中国的首都,在生物多样性保护与生态文明建设的背景下,对于植物多样性信息变化的管理水平和能力要求更高.及时并准确地更新植物名称的变化及其过程,对于植物学工作者、园林工作者和与植物相关产业从业者都十分重要.本文基于过去30年间(1992-2021年)北京各类维管植物的名称信息,记录了自1993年《北京植物志》(1992年修订版)以来的维管植物名称的变化过程:包括34个新类群、175个新记录、509个新异名,49个错误鉴定,以及50个存疑类群.过去30年间,北京的维管植物发生了很大的变化.本文结果可作为北京维管植物多样性监测和保护的重要参考.

2021年12月28日国务院批复在北京设立国家植物园（国函[2021]136号）,由国家林草局、住房城乡建设部、中国科学院、北京市人民政府合作共建,依托中国科学院植物研究所和北京市植物园构建南、北两个园区统一规划、统一建设、统一挂牌、统一标准、可持续发展的新格局,

Aims: Within the north temperate zone, China has the richest and most diverse national flora, which has attracted the interest of western plant taxonomists since the 17th century.However, Chinese plant taxonomists had not started studying their own national flora independently until 1916.Since then, the history of their studies can be divided into three main periods, from the founding period before 1949 to the independent completion of national and relatively complete various local floras such as Iconographia Cormophytorum Sinicorum and Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, and the completion of the English version of the National Flora of China by Sino-foreign cooperation after 1949, and then to the new generation of scholars in the 21st century who updated the Catalogue of Life China every year and began to lead the international plant taxonomy research work.Despite the flourishing appearance in past years, there are many problems in the current training of students in the plant taxonomy field, such as irrelevant systematic studies of taxonomic treatments as well as an insufficient approach to molecular evidence.Advice needs to be provided based on precise statistics.Methods: By systematically sorting out the detailed information of 3,154 plant taxonomists, excluding scholars who have not described novel plant species in over 10 years and who described only one species, a list of "active" scholars was generated.

An inventory of vascular plants in a region is of great significance for regional plant diversity conservation and sustainable utilization of plant resources.Beijing is the capital of China, where the inventory work has been carried out early since the 1960s, but it has not been systematically updated in the past three decades.Currently, the existing data is outdated, scattered and unsystematic, and the inventory progress has even fell behind the neighbouring areas of Beijing.Based on the inventory of vascular plants from the Flora of Beijing (1992 Revised Edition) and combined with the field survey from many years, we have composed a dataset on new inventory and geographical distributions of vascular plants in Beijing (including two sheets for native plants and introduced plants, the latter is incomplete currently), by supplementing with new taxa, new records and new distributions from comprehensive literatures, revising the scientific names (based on the new revision of classification), updating the classification systems (using those based on molecular data), and also adding some related information such as taxon rank, distribution status, growth status, outdoor/indoor, distribution areas, knowledge degree and conservation status.Up to December 31, 2021, the dataset has a total of 2,883 data items, with 1,680 items for native plants and 1,203 for introduced plants.There are 134 families, 611 genera, 1,597 taxa (1,440 species 3 natural hybrids 46 subspecies 97 varieties and 11 forms) of native wild vascular plants in Beijing, and totally 3 families, 26 genera, 173 species 4 subspecies 28 varieties and 11 forms should be supplemented to the last version of Flora of Beijing.The Beijing native wild plants included in the 'List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (2021)' have only been counted for 16 species (only 1 at the first class, others all at the second class).There are also 90 species 3 subspecies and 4 varieties included in the 'List of Beijing Key Protected Wild Plants ( 2008)'.On introduced plants, so far 137 families, 581 genera and 1,184 taxa (992 species and other infraspecific taxa) are counted, including many cultivated plants (854 species 19 hybrids 15 subspecies 29 varieties 2 forms 87 cultivars 38 cultivar groups).There are still escape plants (132 species 1 subspecies), naturalized plants (77 species 2 varieties), and invasive plants (27 species) in Beijing.The dataset shows that the diversity of native wild vascular plants in Beijing is generally not very abundant, mainly dominated by widely distributed common species, and lacking endemic species, narrow-range species, or rare and endangered species; meanwhile, there are a large number of introduced plants in Beijing.Even many have long been recorded in the versions of Flora of Beijing but they are also an important part of the diversity of vascular plants in Beijing, although they also bring some confusion and uncertainty to the analysis of it due to the incomplete data.

搞清楚中国外来植物种类有哪些,从哪里来,如何进入中国,属于什么性质的类群,它们的生物学特征和生态学特性如何等问题,是中国外来入侵植物预防和预警机制研究的重要基础.《中国植物志》、Flora of China、各省级植物志书等记载的外来植物信息由于种种原因非常有限,且目前我国尚没有完整体现中国外来植物信息的数据库.本文通过整合近几年外来植物相关的资料,并通过文献考证增补外来植物原产地、习性等信息,利用计算机网络、数据库及大数据分析技术手段,经信息化处理和分类学校正,进行分类体系重建,最终确定中国外来植物的物种名录数据集.该数据集共有数据14,710条,记载中国外来植物283科3,233属14,710个类群(含13,401原种332杂交种2嵌合体458亚种503变种14变型).每个类群包括类别、中文科名、科名、中文属名、属名、中文名、别名、学名、命名人、生存状态、生存时间、生活型、原产国家或地区和中国引入省份等基础信息.数据集显示,外来植物已在中国的植物种类构成中占据了相当大的比例(高达28.19％,中国境内有维管植物52,177个类群,其中本土37,464,外来14,710,上述数字包含种下等级,统计截至2021年12月31日);就生存状态而言,栽培植物占所有外来植物的比例高达91％,逃逸植物占7.36％,归化植物占6.69％,入侵植物占2.66％;对于生活型的分析显示,多年生类群占据了外来植物的绝大多数(13,625种,约占总数的92.6％),草本植物(8,937种,约占总数的60.8％)相较于乔木(2,752种,约占总数的18.7％)、灌木(4,916种,约占总数的33.4％)及其他生活型数量要更多;中国的外来植物大多来自北美洲(4,242种)、非洲(3,707种)、南美洲(3,645种)、亚洲(3,102种),欧洲(1,690种)和大洋洲(1,305种)相对较少;而中国具有外来植物最多的前10个省份分别为台湾(6,122种)、北京(5,244种)、福建(3,667种)、广东(3,544种)、云南(3,404种)、上海(2,924种)、江苏(2,183种)、江西(1,789种)、浙江(1,658种)和湖北(973种).本数据集是第一次对中国外来植物进行全面系统整理,可供从事外来植物相关研究工作参考,也可作为植物多样性研究的基础资料,还可作为农业、林业、草业、园林、草药及自然保护和环境保护人士及高等院校师生的参考数据.

Aim: To compose a comprehensive research report of alien plants that characterizes the taxonomic work of the last 20 years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.Methods: A total of 46 families, composed of 141 genera and 210 species, that were previously reported as alien invasive plants were characterized on the basis of available literature reports, taxonomic studies, and field surveys in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.The primary considerations for the classification of invasive species were: (1) the number of specimens collected, (2) the time point of collection, (3) the amount of relevant literature reports, and (4) the level of national invasion determined through field investigation.Results: Based on taxonomic classification of the available data, 57 and 153 species were broadly categorized as native and alien, respectively.Of those considered as alien plant species, 82 species were determined to be invasive in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.Conclusions: Overall, the taxonomic work of the last 20 years in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has demonstrated an inaccurate representation of its resident alien invasive plant populations.This is particularly due to the lack of relevant research and basic knowledge.Therefore, it is necessary to launch a more comprehensive investigation on these plant populations to identify alien invasive plants more easily and to implement effective management strategies for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.

In this study, we critically revised and updated the checklist of native vascular plants of Mongolia. The checklist comprises 3,041 native vascular plant taxa (2,835 species and 206 infraspecific species) from 653 genera and 111 families, including 7 lycophytes, 41 ferns, 21 gymnosperms, and 2,972 angiosperms. In the angiosperms, we identified the 14 families with the greatest species richness, ranging from 50 to 456 taxa. Species endemism is also noted here; 102 taxa are endemic to Mongolia, and 275 taxa are sub-endemic that co-occur in adjacent countries. Since 2014, a total of 14 taxa have been described new to science based on morphological evidences. Moreover, five genera and 74 taxa were newly added to the flora of Mongolia. Based on our critical revisions, names of three families, 21 genera, and 230 species have been changed in comparison to the previous checklist, "Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia" (2014).

《中国维管植物科属词典》(A Dictionary of the Families and Genera of Chinese Vascular Plants),李德铢主编,685页, 2018;北京: 科学出版社;定价: 298元;ISBN:978-7-03-055120-7. 本书以被子植物APG系统为主要框架,结合 Flora of China和分子系统学的最新研究成果,石松类和蕨类以Christenhusz等的线性系统和最近的PPG I系统为依据,较为全面地反映了20世纪90年代以来分子系统学和分子地理学研究的进展.该书记录中国维管植物314科3246属,其中石松类和蕨类植物39科162属,裸子植物10科44属, 被子植物265科3040属.对于重新界定和新建立的科属,以及石松类和蕨类植物科属的分布区类型则根据分布区类型的划分标准进行了划定.书后列出了中国维管植物科属名录、汉拉科属名称对照表, 本书与Flora of China在科属水平上的变化比较, 常见属名称处理情况、分布区类型概要和植物分类学主要数据库网站.

On the basis of a brief discussion of the definitions of alien plants, we summarized the investigation and research status of China's naturalized alien plants, and made corrections of the data regarding naturalized alien plants on two papers in 2019 and 2021.

HU Hsen-Hsu(胡先骕,courtesy name 步曾,Buzeng)was born in Xinjian,Jiangxi Province of China in 1894(Fig.1).He received a bachelor's degree of biology from the University of California in 1916,and a doctorate of applied biology from Harvard University in 1925.From 1918 when he started teaching in college until his death in 1968,in a half-century career Hu made foundational contributions to modem botany in China.He is widely regarded as the founder of Chinese plant taxonomy.

Background: Naturalization is the pre-invasion stage.Detailed research on naturalized plants is a fundamental first step for scientific management of alien species.This research is necessary for predicting and hence preventing such invasion caused by alien plants.Regional studies of naturalized plants are important for local governments to manage and control of such plants.As an important area for foreign exchanges, East China is facing pressures from imported alien plants being naturalized and then invading.This study aims to enrich the basic information about naturalized plants of East China, discussed the current deficiencies in the study of naturalized plants, and summarized the direction of future research.Methods: We conducted a comprehensive survey of naturalized plants in East China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces) from 2014 to 2019 using literature reports, specimen information, and