Hole transport layer (HTL) is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs). However, conventional organic HTL suffer from intrinsic limitations, including interfacial corrosion, energy-level mismatch, and poor environmental resilience, which critically hinder device performance. In this study, we propose a novel inorganic HTL, bismuth-doped Fe-based metal-organic framework (Bi@MIL-101(Fe)), to address these challenges through rational interface engineering. The Bi@MIL-101(Fe) HTL synergistically coordinates electron-rich carbonyl (-C=O) groups with undercoordinated Pb2+ at the perovskite surface, effectively passivating defects and suppressing non-radiative recombination. Furthermore, the incorporation of Bi optimizes energy band alignment, facilitating efficient hole extraction and transport. The optimized C-PSC device achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.00 % (compared to 11.90 % for the pristine device), with enhanced fill factor (FF, 68.16 %) and short-circuit current density (JSC, 24.13 mA cm(-2)). Crucially, the Bi@MIL-101(Fe)-integrated device demonstrates exceptional environmental stability, retaining 85.67 % of its initial PCE after 1080 h of exposure to ambient conditions (T: 20-30 degrees C, RH: 25-55 %) without encapsulation. This work underscores the dual functionality of Bi@MIL-101(Fe) as both a defectpassivating agent and an energy-level mediator, providing a strategic pathway for developing robust inorganic HTL in next-generation photovoltaics.

The development of efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is critical for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Herein, NiMoO4/Fe2(MoO4)3 heterostructured catalyst supported on nickel foam (NF) is synthesized through decyl glucoside (APG)-assisted hydrothermal reaction and annealing. In 1.0 mol L- 1 KOH, the optimized catalyst delivers a low overpotential of 215 mV at 10 mA cm- 2 with a small Tafel slope of 42.44 mV dec- 1. It exhibits outstanding long-term stability, maintaining 100 mA cm- 2 for 1600 h and 500 mA cm- 2 for 400 h under industrial conditions. APG acts as a green template to enhance interfacial adhesion, improve hydrophilicity, and modulate the electronic structure via hydrogen bonding, thus boosting OER performance. This work offers a feasible strategy for designing high-performance industrial OER electrocatalysts.

The deeper goal of current water electrolysis technology development depends on the rational design and precise control of catalyst structure and composition. A nanoneedle-like Zn-doped CoFe layered double hydroxide was fabricated to improve mass transport and boost catalytic activity. The obtained ZnCoFe-LDH/NF catalyst demonstrated outstanding OER performance, delivering 10 mA cm-2 at an overpotential of 211 mV and featuring a low Tafel slope of 21.81 mV dec-1. Moreover, the ZnCoFe-LDH/NF catalyst exhibited exceptional long-term durability, maintaining stable operation for 1120 and 870 h at 500 and 1000 mA cm-2. In alkaline seawater, the catalyst also exhibited excellent OER activity and outstanding stability. Furthermore, the catalyst also combines super-hydrophilicity and super-aerophobicity, allowing rapid electrolyte wetting and gas release for efficient mass transfer. In addition, doping promotes the accumulation of hydroxide species, which strengthens lattice oxygen participation and drives the reaction toward the LOM pathway. Meanwhile, DFT calculations combined with experimental characterizations revealed that Zn incorporation optimizes the OER performance of CoFe-LDH without disrupting the LDH framework, Zn incorporation induces charge redistribution, which tunes the electronic configuration of Co/Fe active centers and promotes stronger coupling between metal sites, thereby optimizing the adsorption of key OER intermediates.

Graphene nanomaterials exhibit significant potential for carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs); however, functionalized graphene derivatives remain relatively underexplored for interfacial engineering, particularly for cost-effective coal-derived materials. This study introduces a pioneering chemical modification approach using homemade coal-derived graphene oxide (GO) to synthesize two distinct functionalized graphene derivatives: hydroxylated graphene oxide (GO-OH) and carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-COOH). Experimental results indicated that the excessive acidity of GO-COOH induces the degradation of perovskite film. Therefore, we constructed two device architectures: pritine (FTO/SnO2/MAPbI3/CE) and GO-OH-modified C-PSCs (FTO/ SnO2/MAPbI3/GO-OH/CE) to investigate the impace of GO-OH incorporation on Photoelectric performance. The optimized device achieves a substantial 20.4 % boost in power conversion efficiency (PCE), increasing from 13.42 % to 16.16 %. Mechanistic investigations reveal that GO-OH serves a dual function: passivating deep-level defects (Pb2+ and Pb0) to optimize energy level alignment while simultaneously promoting perovskite grain growth, which enhances charge transport and boosts fill factor (FF) and short-circuit current density (Jsc). Furthermore, the incorporation of the GO-OH interlayer facilitates efficient carrier extraction and maintains 90 % of its initial PCE after 30 days of ambient exposure, demonstrating remarkable stability. This work pioneers the application of functionalized coal-derived graphene oxide in C-PSCs, offering a novel and scalable strategy for enhancing both efficiency and stability.

The strategic design of hole transport layers (HTLs) with dual functionality in interfacial charge regulation and recombination suppression represents a critical pathway for advancing carbon-based perovskite solar cells (Carbon-PSCs). This study presents a facile synthesis of coal-derived carbon nanotubes (C-CNTs) characterized by self-passivated surfaces enriched with oxygen-containing moieties (-COOH, -OH). This unique structural architecture imparts dual functional superiority through intrinsic aqueous dispersibility that eliminates the need for post-synthesis processing, as well as self-regulated charge redistribution driven by the electron-withdrawing nature of the -I effect. These features work in synergy to establish anisotropic hole transport networks that enforce electronic confinement. When integrated as HTLs in Carbon-PSCs, the oxygen-functionalized C-CNTs significantly reduce interfacial recombination losses, achieving a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.25% with only 10 wt% C-CNTs. The modified device structure, FTO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/C-CNTs/Carbon, demonstrates performance surpasses that of the pristine device (structure: FTO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon, PCE: 11.99%) by 18.85%, and approaches the performance of the device with commercial high-purity CNTs (>95 wt%, structure: FTO/SnO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Commercial-CNTs/Carbon, PCE: 14.44%). By repurposing coal as a sustainable precursor for optoelectronic materials, this work pioneers a defect-mediated interfacial engineering paradigm for solution-processed photovoltaic systems.

Under the global transition toward clean energy, direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production is pivotal for reducing freshwater dependence. However, chloride ion (Cl-) corrosion and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics remain critical challenges. Herein, a phosphate modified composite catalyst (PO-NFM) is constructed via vapor deposition of phosphate ions from sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO2). In alkaline seawater, PO-NFM exhibited exceptional bifunctional activity for both OER and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It achieved an ultralow OER overpotential of 213 mV at 10 mA cm-2 with a Tafel slope of 27.43 mV dec-1, and a HER overpotential of 393 mV at 200 mA cm-2. Notably, PO-NFM demonstrated sustained stability over 300 h at 400 mA cm-2 for OER and 1500 h at 500 mA cm-2 for HER with negligible degradation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that phosphate modification not only formed a dense metal phosphate passivation layer that repelled Cl-, but also tailored the electronic structure of active sites. Furthermore, PO-NFM follows the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) during OER, substantially lowering the reaction energy barrier. This work offers a novel strategy for designing efficient and stable seawater electrolysis catalysts with promising industrial application.

Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3-RR) provides a promising route for mitigating NO3- contamination in water while enabling and nitrogen resource recovery. However, efficient NO3- reduction at low nitrate concentration is limited by sluggish NO3- adsorption, competitive hydrogen evolution, and insufficient hydrogenation. Herein, a self-supported Cu2O NWs@Co(OH)2/CF core-shell catalyst was constructed on copper foam (CF) for efficient NO3-RR. The Cu2O nanowire core served as the active phase for NO3- adsorption and initial activation, while the Co(OH)2 shell promotes water dissociation to provide active hydrogen species for intermediate hydrogenation. Benefiting from the intimate heterointerface and tandem catalytic effect between Cu2O and Co(OH)2, the Cu2O NWs@Co(OH)2/CF achieves exceptional performance for NO3-RR. It delivers an NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 92.7% and a yield rate of 1.83 mmol h-1 cm-2 at -0.4 V vs. RHE in 1 M KOH containing 0.05 M KNO3. Mechanistic studies reveal that Cu2O NWs@Co(OH)2/CF promotes NO3- adsorption, accelerates charge transfer, improves hydrogen supply, and effectively suppresses NO3- accumulation. Moreover, a Zn-NO3- battery assembled with Cu2O NWs@Co(OH)2/CF as the cathode exhibits a maximum power density of 6.17 mW cm-2. This work provides an effective tandem catalyst design strategy for NO3-RR and highlights its potential in integrated environmental remediation and energy conversion systems.

Polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics and organic pollutants coexist to form persistent, complex systems, which threaten ecosystems and human health through their slow degradation and synergistic toxicity. Addressing this challenge necessitates the development of photocatalysts capable of simultaneously achieving targeted enrichment of oxygen vacancies (OVs) and efficient separation of electron-hole pairs. In this study, a supported heterostructure (CN550-Fe-MOF) was constructed through a secondary calcination strategy, featuring ultrathin graphite-phase carbon nitride (CN550) nanosheets uniformly encapsulating Fe-MOF crystallites. Systematic characterization reveals that secondary calcination not only significantly increases the specific surface area, but more importantly, facilitates the formation of C-N-Fe interfacial coordination bonds between the abundant -NH2 groups on CN550 and Fe3 + sites in Fe-MOF during solvothermal synthesis. The resulting intimate interface synergistically enriches a high concentration of OVs and establishes a robust built-in electric field, thereby markedly suppressing the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. CN550-Fe-MOF exhibits exceptional performance in degrading both PLA microplastics and organic pollutants (Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue). Specifically, it achieves a 73.11% degradation rate for PLA within 60 h. Furthermore, the degradation rate constants for RhB and MB reach 0.409 min-1 and 0.142 min-1 , respectively, while maintaining excellent catalytic activity after 7 cycles. Mechanistic investigations via UHPLC/HRMS/MS analysis elucidate three primary degradation pathways for PLA, and free radical trapping experiments confirm that h+ and center dot O2- serve as the dominant active species. This work establishes a new paradigm for designing highly efficient and stable environmental remediation materials through precise interface and defect engineering.

To address the dual environmental issues of the difficult degradation of waste polylactic acid (PLA) and the treatment of organic pollutants in water bodies, this study proposes a composite photocatalytic material based on Ag2O nanoparticles modified Fe-MOF(MIL-101(Fe)) (Ag2O-Fe-MOF). Prepared via a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and an in-situ photoreaction method, the material features a well-controlled decoration of Ag2O nanoparticles on the Fe-MOF support. This results in the formation of Fe-O-Ag bonds at the interface with Fe-MOF, which improves the transfer of electrons from Ag2O to the Fe-O cluster and increases the electron density of Fe3 + . The cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ is synergistically triggered to initiate a Fenton-like reaction, which enhances the generation of active species such as center dot OH and center dot O2-. Experimental results demonstrate that under visible light irradiation, the composite achieves a 56.1%degradation efficiency for PLA microplastics (150 mesh) within 90 h, which is 87% higher than that of pure Fe-MOF. Moreover, the material can efficiently degrade tetracycline (TC, 20 mg/L) and rhodamine B (RhB, 20 mg/L), with the removal rates reaching 98.5% and 99.2% within 120 min, respectively. By combining the intermediate products, the mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of micro-plastics and organic pollutants are proposed. This work not only provides a feasible strategy for the development of multifunctional environmental remediation materials and also offers an insight into the synchronous resource treatment process of organic solid/liquid waste.

Perovskite oxides have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to their cost-effectiveness, tunable structure, excellent stability, and intrinsic activity. However, their low specific surface area and poor electronic conductivity limit their large-scale water electrolysis applications. Herein, we construct Fe-based metal-organic framework (Fe-MOF) and iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) layers on a self-supported La0.7Sr0.3CoO3-δ/nickel foam (LSC/NF) to comparatively investigate their interfacial coupling effects on OER performance. Fe-MOF@LSC/NF exhibits superior OER performance in 1 mol L−1 KOH, with low overpotentials of 218 mV and 268 mV at current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively, and a Tafel slope of 30.0 mV dec−1, outperforming FeOOH@LSC/NF, RuO2, and pristine LSC/NF. Even in harsh oilfield wastewater electrolyte, Fe-MOF@LSC/NF maintains excellent catalytic performance. Mechanistic studies reveal that Fe-MOF forms strong chemical Fe-O-Co interfacial bridges with LSC, whereas FeOOH primarily physically adsorbs. This robust chemical coupling optimizes electronic structure, enhances conductivity, and stabilizes oxygen vacancies, leading to accelerated reaction kinetics. This study elucidates the critical role of interfacial bonding in perovskite-based electrocatalysts, offering insights for designing efficient, durable non-precious metal OER catalysts.

Rational design of advanced heterojunction architectures represents a promising approach for optimizing the semiconductor photocatalyst performance in selective toluene oxidation. This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of a dual Z-scheme ZnS@g-C3N4@ZnIn2S4 heterojunction composite through hydrothermal processing, featuring co-loaded ZnS nanoparticles and fragmented g-C3N4 (FCN) on ZnIn2S4 surfaces. The optimized photocatalyst achieved an exceptional toluene conversion rate (21.6 mmol g-1 h-1) with 78% benzaldehyde selectivity under O2 oxidation conditions. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the unique dual Z-scheme configuration enhances the charge separation efficiency through expanded interfacial contact and increased active sites. Combined experimental and computational analyses verified favorable redox potentials and efficient photogenerated carrier separation, with mechanistic studies identifying hydroxyl (˙OH) and superoxide (˙O2-) radicals as key reactive species enabling multipath conversion pathways. This work establishes fundamental principles for developing high-performance catalytic materials while advancing practical strategies for selective aromatic hydrocarbon conversion under mild reaction conditions.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a major bottleneck in water electrolysis due to its sluggish kinetics, which fundamentally limits the overall efficiency of hydrogen production. In contrast, the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a promising alternative with significantly lower overpotential, thereby reducing energy consumption. However, the development of stable and multifunctional electrocatalysts for simultaneous efficient hydrogen production and wastewater treatment poses a considerable challenge. In this study, a hierarchical amorphous Co-MOF-modified P-SnCoFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) heterostructure (denoted as Co-MOF@P-SnCoFe-LDHs) electrocatalyst was developed through a “MOF interfacial anchoring-dual doping electronic reconstruction” strategy, which integrates ZIF-67 Co-MOF with P/Sn co-doped CoFe-LDHs. The optimized catalyst exhibits exceptional bifunctional activity, achieving outstanding UOR performance with potentials of 1.34 and 1.53 V (vs. RHE) to achieve current densities of 10 and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. For the OER, it requires low overpotentials of 213 mV (1 mol L−1 KOH) and 237 mV (oilfield wastewater) at 10 mA cm−2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the spatial confinement effect of amorphous Co-MOF enhances chloride corrosion resistance, leading to a 27

High thermal stability and a wide temperature range are critical for thermistors used in extreme environments. Y 2/3 Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 (YCTO) ceramics, known for their high room‐temperature resistance and structural stability, are promising candidates for such applications. However, inherent defects and lattice distortions limit its performance at high temperatures. Herein, to address this significant challenge, we propose a sol–gel derived strategy for inducing cubic growth of Y 2/3 Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ‐CB (YCTO‐CB) grains using coconut water and bone glue. The growth of {100} crystal facets has a positive effect on the inhibition of lattice deformation and dislocation, which plays a vital role in improving the oxidation resistance and suppressing the resistance attenuation. The YCTO‐CB ceramics exhibit superior thermosensitive characteristics in broad temperature range of 25°C–600°C, and have a significantly lower aging coefficient (0.27%) compared to Y 2/3 Cu 3 Ti 4 O 12 ‐B (YCTO‐B ceramics prepared by adding bone glue only) ceramics (8.1%). The study also reveals a unique “coffee‐ring” growth mechanism, where sintering‐induced dislocation repair and atomic rearrangement lead to the formation of low‐energy {100} facets. These findings highlight the potential of crystal facet engineering and bio‐additives in optimizing thermosensitive materials for high‐temperature applications, offering valuable insights for advancing thermistor technology in industrial electronics.

While perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies, their long-term stability remains a critical bottleneck hindering commercialization. The degradation mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, and effective stabilization strategies require further development. Here, we find that laminated PSCs exhibit exceptional stability without the need for additional modification. Systematic analysis reveals that recrystallization during the lamination process induces high-quality interfacial contact. Furthermore, barrier layers, particularly the indium tin oxide (ITO) interlayer, effectively suppress the onset of decomposition cascades by forming tightly bonded, ion-blocking interfaces. As a result, a high-cohesive-energy layer in the laminated PSCs preserves interfacial dynamic equilibrium, thereby enabling exceptional long-term device stability. This work offers fundamental insights into interfacial degradation pathways and establishes interfacial chemistry engineering via high-barrier materials as a broadly applicable strategy for enhancing the durability of perovskite optoelectronics.

Carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) hold significant promise for enhancing the long-term stability and commercial viability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of C-PSCs is limited by excessive charge carrier recombination, which arises from defects within the perovskite material as well as at the interfaces between the perovskite and charge transport layers (CTLs). This study reports a dualinterface modification (DIM) technique aimed at reducing trap-state densities and interstitial defects at the tin dioxide (SnO2)/perovskite interface while simultaneously enhancing interfacial quality and crystallinity within the perovskite layer. SnO2 incorporated with agmatine sulfate (AGTS) as the electron transport layer (ETL) along with benzyl dimethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride (HDBAC) to passivate the perovskite surface. This dualinterface modification (DIM) of the SnO2/perovskite interface has demonstrated a reduction in the number of interstitial defects and trap-state densities, while enhancements within the perovskite layer itself have led to improved crystallinity and notable improvements in light absorption properties. The DIM-modified C-PSCs achieve a PCE of 16.09 %, representing a significant enhancement of 32.10 % compared to a PCE of 12.18 % for the pristine device. Furthermore, the DIM-treated PSC retains 90 % of its initial PCE after 31 days at room temperature and ambient humidity.

Pb (II) contamination in wastewater represents a grave threat to the environment and ecosystems. Consequently, there is an urgent need to prepare low-cost and highly efficient Pb (II) adsorbents. To address this need, abundant and low-cost natural silica-based desert sand (DS) was innovatively utilized as a carrier to develop efficient and selective Pb (II) adsorbents. Modified desert sand (MDS) was first prepared via 1 M HCl pretreatment for 2 h and subsequent KH550 silane modification. Pb (II)-imprinted composites (Pb (II)-IIP@MDS) were then fabricated via ion-imprinted polymerization, using Pb (II) as the template ion and N-hydroxymethacrylamide (NHMA)/hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as dual functional monomers with a molar ratio of 1:1. The synthesized Pb (II)-IIP@MDS was comprehensively characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The adsorption capacity, selectivity, and reusability of this material for lead ions were evaluated through three experiments conducted within the optimized pH range of 6-7, with error bars indicated. In adsorption isotherm experiments, the initial Pb (II) concentration ranged from 50 to 500 mg·L-1, conforming to the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.992), with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity reaching 107.44 mg·g-1; this indicates that the adsorbate forms a monolayer adsorption on the homogeneous imprinted sites. Kinetics data indicate that the process best fits a quasi-first-order kinetic model (R2 ≥ 0.988), while the favorable quasi-second-order kinetic fit (R2 ≥ 0.982) reflects the synergistic effect of physical diffusion and ion-imprinting chemistry, reaching equilibrium within 120 min. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0 = 12.51 kJ·mol-1, ΔS0 = 101.19 J·mol-1·K-1, ΔG0 < 0) confirmed endothermic, entropy-increasing, spontaneous adsorption. In multicomponent systems, Pb (II)-IIP@MDS showed distinct Pb (II) selectivity. It retained 80.3% adsorption efficiency after eight cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for fabricating low-cost, high-performance Pb (II) adsorbents, and Pb (II)-IIP@MDS stands as a practical candidate for the remediation of Pb (II)-contaminated wastewater.

Since thermistor ceramics are often subjected to resistance drift due to long-term operation in oxygen-rich and high-temperature environments, the optimization of aging properties and the analysis of the mechanism have important strategic value for improving the stability of electronic device. In this study, a new strategy for the preparation of thermistor ceramics via the bioelectrolyte-assisted method was proposed, and the effects of different preparation methods on the stability of Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (YCTO) ceramics were investigated in detail. By studying the phase structure, microstructure and the self-assembly process of the ceramics, it was found that reactive ions in coconut water play a key role in the growth of YCTO cubic grains. The relationship between geometry of the grains and thermosensitive properties was also analyzed in detail, and it was found that a more stable lattice structure could be obtained by using the bioelectrolyte-assisted method, which could inhibit the oxygen uptake and oxidation of the ceramics at high temperatures during the continuous thermal shock process. The decrease in the carrier concentration and the increase in the polaron hopping barrier play a positive role in delaying the decay of the resistance. The high thermal stability (0.2 %) and wide temperature range (25-600 degrees C) of YCTO-B ceramics verify the remarkable results of this study. This work provides a new idea for the design and fabrication of thermistor materials with high thermal stability.

The efficiency of carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) still significantly lags behind that of metal-based devices due to the substantial interfacial resistance and energy level mismatch between the carbon electrodes (CE) and the perovskite material. Herein, we present the construction of a carrier highway utilizing coal-derived multilayered graphene (MG) embedded with NiOx as a hole-transport layer (HTL). This approach aims to optimize energy level alignment and enhance interfacial contact, thereby improving the quality of the perovskite film. Due to its unique multilayer structure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, coal-derived MG synergized with NiOx HTL not only provides well-aligned energy band configurations that facilitate charge separation and extraction but also acts as a Lewis base to form coordination bonds with uncoordinated lead ions by sharing electron pairs, thereby reducing surface defects and minimizing recombination losses at the perovskite/CE interface, ultimately alleviating fill factor (FF) loss. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the FTO/SnO2/MAPbI3/MG + NiOx/Carbon structured device achieved 18.10%, representing a significant enhancement of 19.3% compared to that of 15.17% for the pristine device. This study presents a novel strategy for enhancing the overall performance of C-PSCs through the utilization of cost-effective and environmentally sustainable carbon functional materials derived from coal.

Electrolyzing water offers a potential solution to the energy crisis; however, the development of a facile method for synthesizing electrode materials that possess both high robustness and high activity remains an unmet need. This paper introduces a facile approach utilizing Bi3+ as a surfactant-templated in the hydrothermal synthesis of a bifunctional electrode (Bi-Fe-Mo), achieving enhanced electrocatalytic performance. To the best of our knowledge, this study reports for the first time the inducing effect of Bi3+ in the synthesis methods of electrode catalysts. Adding Bi to the electrocatalyst could obtain a fish-scale-like crack structure, which exhibits enhanced activity, faster electron transfer rate, superior Faradaic efficiency, heightened robustness, and increased stability. As-prepared Bi-Fe-Mo electrode exhibits an OER overpotential of 208 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1 M KOH, and an HER overpotential of 114 mV at 10 mA cm-2. It remains operation at 200 mA cm-2 for over 100 h, demonstrating its adaptability to diverse conditions. The Bi-Fe-Mo exhibits OER overpotential of 329 mV at 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline seawater, operating steadily at 200 mA cm-2 for over 120 h. DFT calculations indicate a lower reaction energy barrier for OER on NiMoO4 (110) compared to Fe2(MoO4)3 (100), with free Gibbs energy barriers of 1.60 eV and 1.87 eV, respectively. This study introduces a novel catalyst synthesis method leveraging the unique physicochemical properties of Bi3+, resulting in a more robust catalyst with faster electron transfer and lower energy band, enabling multi-metal oxides to firmly adhere and withstand bubble impacts without detachment. The synergistic interaction between these components contributes to low overall overpotential of the system of Bi-Fe-Mo, positioning it as a promising, cost-effective electrocatalyst for overall water electrolysis.

Perovskite-like Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12(YCTO) ceramics are known for thermal stability and structural flexibility, which are promising candidates for the next generation of high-temperature thermistors. However, low resistance and high attenuation rates have constrained their operational temperature limits and response range. Herein, a novel (1-x)Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12-xAl2O3 (YCTO-Al) high-temperature thermosensitive ceramic was successfully prepared by multiphase strategies and interface engineering. The addition of Al2O3 led to the morphological changes and strain field alterations in the YCTO grains. As a result, all samples exhibited a gradual increase in room-temperature resistance (ranging from 4.7 x 107to 5.0 x 108 Omega cm). Lattice distortion and the increase of band gap led to electron scattering and thus decreasing carrier mobility. The increase of the incoherent interface barrier dominated the high density of 0.7YCTO-0.3Al ceramics exhibiting excellent material constant (5100 K) and linearity (99.959 %) in the temperature range of 298-973 K. This study emphasizes the importance of heterogeneous interfacial modifications induced by Al2O3 addition, which provides a reference for customizing the electrical properties of YCTO-based ceramics and expanding the application of perovskite-like materials in thermosensitive technology.