The all-solution-processed fabrication of inverted perovskite solar cells is one of the key development trends in perovskite photovoltaics. However, the poor compactness and low electrical conductivity of solution-processed nickel oxide layers have become bottlenecks restricting the large-area fabrication and efficiency improvement of such devices. To address these issues, this paper proposes a method for preparing nickel oxide and inverted perovskite solar cells based on AlCl3 doping. By incorporating aluminum chloride into the nickel oxide precursor solution, not only can the compactness of the nickel oxide layer be improved, but its electrical conductivity can also be increased. Moreover, this doping strategy promotes the growth of high-quality perovskite films and reduces non-radiative recombination at the nickel oxide/perovskite interface. The fabricated inverted perovskite solar cell prepared via the full-solution method with AlCl3 doping achieved a power conversion efficiency of 24.76%. This work provides a new strategy for the preparation of large-area, high-efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells through full-solution processing.

Large-area perovskite solar cell modules efficiency remains lower than small-area devices,perovskite crystallization between small and large areas difference could be one reason.Previously,diluted solution was often used to reduce viscosity to achieve uniform perovskite thin films,but this approach could narrow the crystallization window and leave insufficient time for controlled crystal growth.Meanwhile,insufficient solute supply often results in interrupted material availability for grain growth,leading to the formation of excessive small crystal nuclei and thus poor thin-film quality.Here,we developed a strat-egy that use a bi-functional group additive to stabilize the δ-FAPbI3 intermediate phase,which delays the direct and rapid con-version of lead iodide into α-FAPbI3 during large-area perovskite film growth.Based on this strategy,the efficiencies of per-ovskite modules with aperture areas of 14.6,70.5,and 285.6 cm2 developed in this work are 24.4%(certified steady-state effi-ciency:24.4%),23.1%,and 22.4%,respectively.The efficiency loss per order-of-magnitude increase in area was reduced from 2.0%to 1.3%,which is approaching the state of the art of traditional thin-film CdTe solar cells(0.8%).In addition,the large-area module(155 cm2)retained 86%of its initial efficiency after 1053 h of maximum power point(MPP)tracking.

Sodium (Na) metal is regarded as an ideal anode for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, its utilization is still restricted by the notorious dendrites and unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Herein, a zinc nanoparticle decorated 2D diamond (diamane) modulated commercial polypropylene (Zn-diamane/PP) separator is dedicated to mitigating these issues for the longevity of sodium metal anodes. Interestingly, the sodiophilic Zn-diamane/PP separator significantly accelerates the sodium ion mobilization and promotes a uniform flux, thus effectively preventing dendrite growth and enhancing the stability of the SEI layer. A Na||Na symmetric cell with Zn-diamane/PP separator demonstrates a prolonged lifespan exceeding 5000 h at 1 mA cm(-2) with 1 mAh cm(-2). Notably, it sustains stability for >1000 h at an ultra-high current density at 25 mA cm(-2) with 1 mAh cm(-2). The dendrite-free deposition morphology and the formation of an inorganic-rich inner SEI layer have been investigated through comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations analysis. Furthermore, a full cell comprising a Na3V2(PO4)(3)@C cathode, Zn-diamane/PP separator, and Na metal anode demonstrate a high reversible capacity of 90 mAh g(-1) over 500 cycles. These results demonstrate the potential of Zn-diamane/PP separator for long-cycle lifespan SMBs.

Normal(n-i-p)perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have received increasing attention due to their advantages such as high conversion efficiency and good stability.Tin dioxide is an ideal electron transport layer material for normal perovskite solar cells.Among various available electron transport layers,tin dioxide stands out because of its excellent stability,low density of defect states,and appropriate energy levels.The interface defects between tin dioxide and perovskite are the key factors restricting the improvement of the conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells.Therefore,a method of fabricating normal perovskite solar cells based on the buried interface modification strategy is proposed in this work.By doping methylammonium bromide into tin dioxide to form a buried interface,the interface defects between tin dioxide and perovskite are reduced,the electron mobility of tin dioxide is enhanced,and the growth of high-quality perovskite materials is promoted.The conversion efficiency of the normal perovskite solar cells reaches 23.12％,providing an effective strategy for fabricating high-efficiency normal perovskite solar cells.

The controlled release and enhanced penetration of drugs to deep-seated tumors is highly desirable but faces many challenges. Herein, supramolecular biomimetic nanoaggregates (HFCu NAs) are constructed with fluorinated histidine and copper ions via multivalent interactions (metal coordination and aromatic packing), affording tumor microenvironment responsive "turn-on" 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) guided drug delivery and specific tumor therapy. By virtue of ligand engineering and pH-triggered conformation changes, HFCu NAs exhibit enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)generation due to lower pH levels at tumor sites, leading to the stepwise collapse of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is analogous to targeted protein degradation, without requiring endogenous enzymes. Consequently, the breakdown of the ECM provides positive feedback for the permeation of HFCu NAs, thereby, significantly inhibiting orthotopic tumor growth with explicit immunogenic cell death. As such, the proposed platform exhibits significant potential as activatable drug delivery vehicles for enhanced drug permeation and therapy.

While perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies, their long-term stability remains a critical bottleneck hindering commercialization. The degradation mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated, and effective stabilization strategies require further development. Here, we find that laminated PSCs exhibit exceptional stability without the need for additional modification. Systematic analysis reveals that recrystallization during the lamination process induces high-quality interfacial contact. Furthermore, barrier layers, particularly the indium tin oxide (ITO) interlayer, effectively suppress the onset of decomposition cascades by forming tightly bonded, ion-blocking interfaces. As a result, a high-cohesive-energy layer in the laminated PSCs preserves interfacial dynamic equilibrium, thereby enabling exceptional long-term device stability. This work offers fundamental insights into interfacial degradation pathways and establishes interfacial chemistry engineering via high-barrier materials as a broadly applicable strategy for enhancing the durability of perovskite optoelectronics.

The pursuit of advanced anode materials to address inferior conductivity and slow ion diffusion has driven the development of fast‐charging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a promising anode material of KCu 7 S 4 nanowires with a tunnel structure is proposed for SIBs. The Na + (de)insertion mechanisms of the KCu 7 S 4 anode are comprehensively elucidated through a combination of in situ TEM/SAED/XRD analyses and theoretical calculations. The detailed intermediates (Na 3 Cu 4 S 4 , NaCuS) and final products (CuS, Cu) during (de)sodiation processes are identified, revealing that the highly mobile Cu + ion can facilitate the formation of tunnel‐structured Na 3 Cu 4 S 4 and layer‐structured NaCuS during the electrochemical reaction process. The reaction dynamics indicate that the formation of Na 3 Cu 4 S 4 and NaCuS intermediates facilitates electron transfer and ion diffusion during Na + (de)insertion. Moreover, the KCu 7 S 4 anode exhibits a high discharge capacity of 337 mAh g −1 at 10 A g −1 , and the corresponding Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 //KCu 7 S 4 full cell delivers a high energy density of 303 Wh kg −1 at 375 W kg −1 , demonstrating its excellent application prospect. This work opens a new avenue for fast‐charging electrode materials for advanced SIBs.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on small molecular donor and polymer acceptor (SD/PA-type) show low photovoltaic performance due to the unideal morphology. However, previous work mainly focused on the aspects of donors, but how the polymer acceptor influences its morphology and device performances is lacking in study. In this work, we apply three polymerized nonfullerene small molecules as acceptors, combining film-forming kinetics and microstructure characterization to investigate the efficient SD/PA-type OSCs requirements on polymers. We found the following two results: Strong miscibility between donor and acceptor would facilitate the acceptor inducing the donor to adopt a face-on packing; under similar miscibility, the inferior crystallinity of the acceptor facilitates a more proper phase separation. Hence, the DTBDT-C3-D6:PY2S-F-based SD/PA-type OSCs with the best miscibility achieve an impressive PCE of 13.65% with both high short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.73 mA cm-2 and fill factor (FF) of 72.93%, which are among the highest values in the reported binary SD/PA-type OSCs so far. Our work provides a new perspective for the development of highly efficient SD/PA-type OSCs with polymer acceptor matched to small molecule donor.

Developing effective radiotherapy is impeded by tumor radioresistance, imprecise treatment, and the need for accurate imaging. Herein, a multifunctional gadolinium-based nanoprobe (GBD) is presented, integrating bioorthogonal click chemistry and theranostics to enhance tumor retention, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast, and radiosensitivity. GBD synthesis involved biomimetic mineralization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with gadolinium ions to form nanoparticles (GB), followed by conjugation with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO). The optimized GBD exhibited an elevated longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of 25.54 mM-1 s-1, which represented a 6.7-fold enhancement compared to the clinical MRI contrast agent magnevist (Gd-DTPA, 3.81 mM-1 s-1). Notably, the application of bioorthogonal click chemistry enhanced the affinity and retention of GBD within tumor cells modified to express azide as an artificial receptor. This novel strategy enhanced tumor retention up to 16 days postinjection, outperforming DBCO-modified small molecule gadolinium (Gd-DBCO) with less than 1-day retention. Such prolonged retention facilitated continuous radiosensitization throughout the radiotherapy course, negating the need for multiple injections, and substantially boosted the effectiveness of radiotherapy. This study demonstrates the transformative potential of combining bioorthogonal click chemistry with nanotechnology in radiotherapy, offering a precise tumor targeting platform, real-time monitoring, and improved treatment outcomes.

In n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the electron transport layer (ETL) and the hole transporting layer play a crucial role in realizing high power conversion efficiency (PCE). Herein, a TiO2-SDBA-SnO2 stacked ETL is reported, where 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (SDBA) serves as an active passivation agent to suppress charge recombination and enhance interface quality. SDBA effectively passivates oxygen vacancies in sputtered TiO2, while simultaneously promoting SnO2 nucleation and improving film quality. Moreover, its molecular structure increases the surface free energy of the ETL, facilitating the formation of high-quality perovskite films with larger grain sizes and fewer defects. As a result, PSCs with this optimized ETL achieve a PCE of 25.94% with excellent stability. This approach also enables the fabrication of perovskite solar modules with a certified efficiency of 22.55% over a 26.02 cm2 aperture area.

Stability has been a long-standing concern for solution-processed perovskite photovoltaics and their practical applications. However, stable perovskite materials for photovoltaic remain insufficient to date. Here we demonstrate a series of ultrastable Dion−Jacobson (DJ) perovskites (1,4-cyclohexanedimethanammonium)(methylammonium)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n ≥ 1) for photovoltaic applications. The scalable technology by blade-coated solar cells for the designed DJ perovskites (nominal n = 5) achieves a maximum stabilized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.11% under an environmental atmosphere. Un-encapsulated cells by blade-coated technology retain 92% of their initial efficiencies for over 4000 hours under ~90% relative humidity (RH) aging conditions. More importantly, these cells also exhibit remarkable thermal (85 °C) and operational stability, which shows negligible efficiency loss after exceeding 5000-hour heat treatment or after operation at maximum power point (MPP) exceeding 6000 hours at 45 °C under a 100 mW cm−2 continuous light illumination.

Even though a few organic materials have attracted considerable attention for energy storage applications, their dissolution in the electrolyte during the charging-discharging processes presents a formidable challenge to their long-term performance. In this work, according to the principle of like dissolves like, non-polar trithiocyanuric acid (TCA) can effectively inhibit dissolution in an aqueous electrolyte, hence prolonging the cycle life. Moreover, theoretical calculations suggest that TCA lowers lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, thereby promoting reaction kinetics. The CV curves of TCA maintain a rectangular structure even at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s-1 and exhibit a remarkable capacitance retention rate of 93.1% after 50,000 cycles. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitors utilizing the TCA exhibit an impressive energy density. Moreover, they maintain 94.2% of their capacitance after undergoing 80,000 cycles. Their integration with perovskite solar cells to facilitate the rapid storage of photogenerated charges enables efficient solar energy utilization, providing a practical solution for capturing and storing renewable energy. Non-polar trithiocyanuric acid boasts multiple C & boxH;S active sites and a low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. Flexible supercapacitors constructed with activated carbon exhibit accelerated charge storage rates and enhanced durability over extended cycles. Furthermore, their integration with perovskite solar cells facilitates the rapid storage of photogenerated charges, enabling efficient utilization of solar energy. image

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) are emerging as a promising solution for weight-sensitive, wearable, portable, and flexible applications. However, F-PSCs still suffer from poor mechanical reliability due to weak interlayer adhesion and stress mismatch. In this study, we present a successful approach using a polyacrylamide (PAM) interlayer at the buried interface to alleviate interfacial stress mismatch, enhance interfacial adhesion for mechanical stress dissipation, and regulate perovskite crystallization dynamics. The phase transition from the non-perovskite delta-phase to the perovskite alpha-phase, from the buried interface to the bulk film, was observed using in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle scattering (GIWAXS), which synergistically improves film quality and charge extraction. We achieved solar cells with efficiencies of 24.83% for a 0.06 cm2 cell (certified 24.41%) and 17.46% for a 20 cm2 module, with an exceptional specific power density of 1745 W kg-1, all of which are among the highest in their respective categories. Importantly, the resulting devices exhibit significantly improved mechanical reliability under six types of stress conditions in real-world scenarios, maintaining 95% efficiency after 7000 bending cycles. This improved mechanical reliability is attributed to the enhanced stress dissipation ability, which helps maintain structural integrity and charge extraction, as evidenced by GIWAXS mappings and photocurrent imaging mappings. We introduced a polyacrylamide (PAM) interlayer to enhance adhesion and regulate perovskite crystallization, achieving wearable solar cells and modules with high efficiency.

Perovskite photovoltaics offer a promising solution for lightweight power generation for near-space applications. The key factors including device efficiency and long-term ultraviolet (UV) light stability are essential for ensuring the sustainability of energy harvesting devices, yet to be further improved for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, a synergetic interface modification strategy, utilizing potassium fluoride (KF) as the modifier in SnO2, was developed to passivate charged defects and regulate the electronic properties at the KF-SnO2/perovskite interface. The optimization impacts of KF were systematically revealed by examining the spatial distribution of its binary ionic components and related coordination effects at the contact interface. The K+ ions can migrate into the bulk perovskite serve to passivate the grain boundaries and stabilize the lattice structure, while F- ions prefer to retain within the SnO2 layer to tailor the interfacial properties. The KF modification collectively contributes to significant improvements in defect passivation, energetic alignment, suppression of nonradiative recombination, and UV resistance of PSCs. As a result, the KF-SnO2-based PSCs achieved an efficiency of 23.17%, retaining more than 90% of the original efficiency after over 1000 h of continuous UV-light illumination or 350 h of operation under one sun illumination. Furthermore, we validated the compatibility of KF-SnO2 in the scalable fabrication process, demonstrating that 8 x 4 cm(2) flexible perovskite solar modules (active area of 26.0 cm(2)) achieved an efficiency of 14.26%. This highlights the benefits of KF-based interface engineering for advancing the upscaling and high-performance PSCs.

Despite the rapid advances in electrocatalysts based on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials, they are subject to serious aggregation, poor conductivity and the presence of inactive basal planes. Herein, we have successfully demonstrated the in-situ construction of NiSe2 -MoSe2 heterostructure arrays on carbon cloth (NiSe2 -MoSe2 /CC) by a facile two-step hydrothermal process. The presence of the synergistic effect in the heterostructures effectively optimizes the poor conductivity and hydrophilicity, and thus enables fast electron transfer, leading to enhanced electrochemical reaction. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations reveal that the electrons redistribution at the heterojunction interface and the reduced Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)/the Gibbs free energy change value of rate-determining step for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), thus enhancing the HER/OER catalytic activity. Importantly, the device displays a good performance with a low overpotential of 98 and 310 mV for HER and OER, respectively, and a low cell voltage of 1.59 V for its corresponding electrolyzer (10 mA cm-2 ). This work presents the high-performance water splitting of bifunctional electrocatalysts based on 2D TMDs materials and offers a novel design concept of interface engineering. (c) 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) have shown significant promise owing to their flexibility and high specific power density; however, their performance is frequently hampered by suboptimal perovskite crystallization at low temperatures. Herein, we introduce diammonium ligands with various electronegative heteroatoms to optimize perovskite crystallization on flexible substrates. Ligand-perovskite coordination effects reduce nucleation sites and extend the crystal growth duration by forming intermediate complexes. The enhanced coordination via ligand tailoring results in a wider window for crystal growth, subsequently decreasing trap density, mitigating residual strain, improving energetic alignment, and suppressing nonradiative recombination in films. The optimized F-PSCs exhibit impressive power conversion efficiencies of 24.47% on a 0.09 cm2 scale, 23.16% on a 1.0 cm2 scale, and 17.21% on a larger 19.8 cm2 scale. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of these cells to power autonomous systems in intelligent traffic applications. Our study not only sheds light on the impact of molecular coordination on perovskite crystallization dynamics during low-temperature processing, but also provides strategic guidance for growth optimization to achieve high-performance, scalable flexible perovskite photovoltaics.

Inverted (p-i-n) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are receiving increasing attention due to their high conversion efficiency and good stability. The main factor restricting the efficiency improvement of inverted perovskite cells is the interface defect between the perovskite layer and the charge transport layers. Therefore, the dual modification strategy of 1, 3-diaminopropane dihydroiodide (PDADI) passivates the interface defects between perovskite films and charge transport layers, improves the quality of perovskite film formation, suppresses non radiative recombination between perovskite films and charge transport layers as well as improved charge carrier transport, and results in a conversion efficiency of 23.19%. Furthermore, the unencapsulated PSCs with PDADI dual modification also exhibit good storage stability, with efficiency remaining at 96% of initial efficiency after 600 hours of storage at a temperature of 25 ℃ and humidity below 20%. Therefore, PDADI dual modification provides an effective strategy for fabricating high-efficiency and stable inverted perovskite solar cells.

Flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) are increasingly being recognized for their high specific power density and mechanical flexibility. However, the feasibility of large-scale production via low-cost ambient printing towards high-performance cells and large modules remains under-explored. Herein, we succeed in ambient printing of perovskite films for high-performance F-PSCs by utilizing a novel ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridine thiocyanate (BPySCN), to address challenges associated with ambient moisture interference and poor crystallization quality at low-temperature processing. This functional additive, containing dual ionic components with electron-donating properties, plays multiple functional roles at different stages of device fabrication. The strong coordination affinity between BPySCN and perovskite modulates crystallization to reduce the nucleation density during low-temperature ambient printing, and retard the crystal growth in the annealing step to regulate the composition homogeneity and mitigate stain residue within films. After annealing, the residual ionic liquid uniformly distributed throughout perovskite films helps to passivate defects, leading to more efficient charge transport and suppressed energy loss. As a result, the small-area (0.09 cm2) PSCs on both rigid and flexible substrates achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 23.70% and 23.01%, respectively, and the 117.0 cm2-scale flexible module delivers a high PCE of 17.52% (certified 15.30%) with an impressive specific power density of 1969.1 W kg-1 (certified 1705.3 W kg-1), which are all among the highest in their respective categories. Furthermore, the potential for wearable electronics was demonstrated through integrated devices, representing a significant advancement in the commercial progress of F-PSCs. Ionic-liquid mediated scalable ambient-printing for efficient perovskite solar modules to achieve wearable electronic integration.

Sodium metal batteries with low-cost and high-energy density are considered as the most promising candidate for large-scale energy storage systems. However, dendritic growth of sodium metal anode (SMA) severely hampered their viability. Here, we propose the use of polypropylene separators coated by electrospinning nanofibers containing corn protein (Zein) molecules and MXene (V2CTx) sheets on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) skeletons (denoted as PZM) to tackle these issues. The abundant sodiophilic functional groups on Zein and V2CTx as well as the porous network of electrospinning nanofibers can facilitate homogeneous Na metal deposition and achieve dendrite-free SMA. Additionally, the oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional moieties on the nanofibers benefit the electrolyte up take (395 %), ion-conductivity (1.43 mS cm−1), Na+transference number (0.77) and inorganic-rich SEI. The PZM separator enables Na metal electrodes in symmetric cells to cycle over 3500 h with a stable overpotential of 10 mV at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and over 1200 h at 5 mA cm−2/10 mAh cm−2. When tested in Na3V2(PO4)3@C||Na full cells, the PZM separator enables a high capacity of 86.2 mAh g−1 over 1000 cycles with an excellent capacity retention of 87.8 %. The proposed biomaterial-based separator modification strategy can spur the development of feasible sodium metal batteries.

Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the scientific community due to their lightweight nature, high flexibility, and superior power-to-mass ratio. One of the most effective strategies for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of these cells involves addressing grain boundary defects within the perovskite films and interfacial defects between the perovskite films and charge transport layers. In this work, we optimize the performance of inverted flexible perovskite solar cell by using octadecylamine hydrochloride (OACl) as both an additive and a surface passivating agent to achieve synergistic passivation to the bulk phase and surface. The incorporation of OACl in the perovskite precursor solution results in the enlarging of the perovskite crystal grains, enhancing crystallinity, and passivating of grain boundary defects within the perovskite film. This optimization leads the open-circuit voltage to increase from 1.07 to 1.12 V, fill factor from 70.86% to 75.04%, and power conversion efficiency from 18.08% to 20.12%. In addition, the OACl solution is used to passivate the surface of perovskite film, resulting in a smoother perovskite surface, fill the grain boundaries, and reduce the defect density on the perovskite surface. As a result, the optimized device exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 1.15 V, fill factor of 76.15%, and ultimately achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.80% for flexible perovskite solar cells. The synergistic passivation strategy based on OACl used in this work provides an effective approach for fabricating efficient flexible perovskite solar cells.