This study systematically evaluated the physiological responses and tolerance mechanisms of four cotton varieties (CT2, C720, C48, C61) under pyrithiobac-sodium stress. Results demonstrated significant variability in herbicide sensitivity across growth stages, with the three-leaf stage identified as the most vulnerable period, characterized by pronounced reductions in plant fresh weight (maximum 43.01%) and chlorophyll content (e.g., 50.78% decrease in C48). In contrast, the five-leaf stage exhibited enhanced tolerance. Considerable intervarietal differences in tolerance were observed, with C61 displaying the highest tolerance level, featuring significantly elevated GST activity (299.57 U/mgprot) and a rapidly responsive antioxidant system (SOD, POD). Conversely, C720 showed delayed recovery of antioxidant capacity. Physiological analysis revealed that SOD and POD activities initially increased during early stress exposure (7 days) but were subsequently inhibited with prolonged treatment, leading to MDA accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation damage. High herbicide concentrations induced chloroplast structural impairments, including thylakoid disorganization and reduced grana stacking, most severely in C48 and C720. Correlation analysis established a significant positive relationship between GST activity and MDA content. Principal Component Analysis confirmed antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD) and GST as key indicators of herbicide tolerance. This research provides a scientific basis for the safe application of pyrithiobac-sodium in cotton production, recommending avoidance during the sensitive three-leaf stage and highlighting C61's resistance-related genes (e.g., GST and SOD isoforms) as potential molecular targets for resistance breeding.

Fluridone, a persistent herbicide widely utilized in cotton production, has a microbial degradation pathway that remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we isolated ten fluridone-degrading bacterial strains from cotton field soil and identified Acinetobacter bereziniae strain FJ-5 as the most efficient degrader. When cultured in mineral salt medium with 100 mg L⁻¹ fluridone as the sole carbon source, strain FJ-5 achieved 82.8 ± 0.4 % herbicide removal within 15 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed concentration-dependent cell wall thinning, suggesting the involvement of surface-expressed proteins in the detoxification process. The degradation of fluridone by strain FJ-5 primarily proceeds through demethylation, cleavage, oxidation, hydroxylation, and carboxyl substitution reactions. Metabolic pathway analysis under fluridone stress demonstrated that fluridone is transported into the cell via membrane transport proteins for intracellular degradation. Binding of fluridone and its metabolites to the 30S ribosomal subunit activates repair mechanisms. Betaine regulates cellular osmotic pressure under fluridone stress, GABA-related pathways modulate the antioxidant system to reduce ROS generation, and the urea cycle facilitates elimination of intracellular toxic compounds. Toxicity assays confirmed that the degradation products exhibit significantly reduced toxicity compared to the parent compound. Soil microcosm phytotoxicity experiments further verified that strain FJ-5 exerts a practical and significant mitigating effect against fluridone-induced phytotoxicity. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence for the potential fluridone catabolic pathway in A. bereziniae, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for bioremediation of fluridone-contaminated soils.

Rhizoctonia solani is a significant soil-borne pathogenic fungus that poses a significant threat to the economically important agricultural crops. 4-(Diethylamino)salicylaldehyde (DSA) is a secondary metabolite produced by Streptomyces sp. KN37, which has antifungal activity, meanwhile its inhibitory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we explored the antifungal efficacy of DSA and its potential mechanism of inhibiting R. solani. It was found that DSA exhibited significant antifungal activity against six tested plant pathogenic fungi, with R. solani being the most sensitive (EC50 = 26.904 μg/mL). Notably, DSA effectively reduced the mycelial mass and inhibited sclerotia germination, demonstrating a good control efficacy of cucumber damping-off disease. Morphological observation showed that DSA significantly disrupted the shape and ultrastructure of the mycelium. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that DSA impacted the integrity of the cell membrane, redox processes, and energy metabolism in R. solani. The results of fluorescence staining, relative conductivity, H2O2 content, and antioxidant enzyme activity showed that the accumulation of ROS in hypha cells after DSA treatment possibly resulted in damage to cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, the reduction in ATP content, along with decreased ATPase and citrate synthase activity, indicates that energy production may be inhibited. Molecular docking analysis further showed that DSA may competitively inhibit citrate synthase, thereby inhibiting cell energy production and ultimately inducing apoptosis. Our study provides new insights into the potential mechanism by which DSA inhibits the mycelial growth of R. solani.

The aim of this study is to precisely elucidate the control efficacy of drip irrigation herbicide application against broadleaf weeds and comprehensively assess its safety to cotton. Broadleaf weeds were managed through the application of herbicide in the cotton field. The herbicide was dispensed from a fertilizer tank in tandem with water droplets. A field investigation was conducted via a fixed-point investigation method to assess the herbicide residue levels and the safety of the cotton crop from 2022 to 2023. When 100.8 g a.i./hm2 of 48% Flumioxazin SC was applied via drip irrigation, it had no adverse effect on cotton safety at the mature stage. During the fruit-setting stage, it exhibited a significant weeding effect on annual broadleaf weeds such as Solanum nigrum L. and Chenopodium album L. Analysis revealed no pesticide residues in cotton and cottonseeds. Soil pesticide residues were found to be at a low level. The cotton yield reached 5618.1 kg/hm2, and the cotton quality met the national standard requirements. For the control of broadleaf weeds in cotton fields, the application of 100.8 g a.i./hm2 of 48% Flumioxazin SC via drip irrigation can effectively control broadleaf weeds. This method can suppress annual broadleaf weeds, with S. nigrum and C. album being the dominant weed communities, without compromising the safety and quality of cotton. Although drip irrigation technology offers advantages such as time savings and reduced labor demands, it is essential to adopt appropriate weed control techniques tailored to the specific conditions of different cotton fields.

This study has developed a biochar-based composite (BPF+SO+AP) to address the dual challenges of low phosphorus fertilizer utilization and rapid pesticide degradation in agriculture. Cotton straw, bentonite, and KH2PO4 were co-pyrolyzed to synthesize a porous biochar phosphorus fertilizer (BPF), followed by encapsulation the neonicotinoid pesticide acetamiprid (AP) using starch oxide (SO). Phosphorus was immobilized within the biochar matrix through complexation, enabling slow nutrient release, while the adhesive properties of starch oxide effectively entrapped AP within the biochar, enhancing pesticide retention. In performance tests, the composite demonstrated superior slow-release behavior, reducing phosphorus leaching by 89.9 % and AP loss by 31.9 % compared to conventional applications. Additionally, it enhanced cotton seedling growth by 20.2-29.4 % and protected cotton from aphid infestation for at least 45 days. The system also protected AP from UV-induced degradation, extending its field durability by 68.3 % under 72-hour UV exposure, attributed to biochar's light-absorbing properties and shielding effects from bentonite and SO. By enabling synergistic reductions in fertilizer and pesticide application rates, this system mitigates environmental risks such as eutrophication and non-target organism toxicity. The work provides a cost-effective, sustainable strategy for precision agrochemical delivery, leveraging agricultural waste (cotton straw) and biodegradable materials (starch), with significant potential for scalable implementation in eco-friendly farming practices.

Pear fire blight represents an exceptionally destructive disease, emanating from the plant-pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora. However, the scarcity of effective plant protection products, coupled with environmental safety concerns, poses a significant challenge. To address this, we propose an innovative strategy that involves the utilization of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs), a highly efficient and novel photoelectrochemical material, for the management of pear fire blight. Our findings indicate that under light irradiation, the antibacterial activity of ZnO QDs is enhanced by a factor of 1.5 compared to dark conditions. Notably, ZnO QDs were observed to elicit the production of abundant reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide within the bacteria, leading to membrane disruption, biomolecule leakage, and DNA damage under photocatalytic conditions. Furthermore, the foliar application of ZnO QDs at a concentration of 150 mg/L significantly inhibited the incidence of pear fire blight by 56.25 %. This inhibition was attributed to the enhancement of antioxidant defense systems (2.2-4.3 times) and nutrient absorption (37.87-164.04 %). More crucially, metabolomics analysis unveiled that the application of ZnO QDs activated systemic acquired resistance and flavone biosynthesis in infected pear seedlings. These findings provide further insights into the antibacterial mechanism of photocatalytic ZnO QDs and offer a novel perspective for disease suppression in sustainable agriculture.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a major insect pest that is responsible for huge economic losses to maize crops. The study on the sublethal effect of insecticide on S. frugiperda is crucial for its comprehensive management in the field. Thus, the current study evaluated the sublethal effects of Voliam Flexi, which is a combination of thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole, on the demographic parameters of S. frugiperda exposed to LC10, LC20 and LC30 concentrations. The results indicated that S. frugiperda larvae showed a longer period (35.4 days at LC10, 37.9 days at LC20 and 39.5 days at LC30) compared to those in the control group (30.4 days). The fecundity rate was also reduced when sublethal concentrations were applied (298.1 eggs at LC10, 253.2 eggs at LC20 and 214.1 eggs at LC30) compared to the control group (339.3 eggs). The larvae exposed to sublethal doses exhibited a significant decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (lambda) compared to the control group. These findings suggest that sublethal concentrations of Voliam Flexi adversely affect the growth and reproductive capacity of S. frugiperda, ultimately aiming to keep populations below levels that cause economic damage. Our findings highlight the potential of sublethal concentrations of Voliam Flexi for the effective implementation of the IPM plan in the field against S. frugiperda.

Actinomycetes have long been recognized as an important source of antibacterial natural products. In recent years, actinomycetes in extreme environments have become one of the main research directions.

To promote the growth and yield of crops, it is necessary to develop an effective silicon fertilizer. Herein, a new type of 2 nm silicon quantum dot (SiQD) was developed, and the phenotypic, biochemical, and metabolic responses of rice seedlings treated with SiQDs were investigated. The results indicated that the foliar application of SiQDs could significantly improve the growth of rice seedlings by increasing the uptake of nutrient elements and activating the antioxidative defense system. Furthermore, metabolomics revealed that the supply of SiQDs could significantly up-regulate several antioxidative metabolites (oxalic acid, maleic acid, glycine, lysine, and proline) by reprogramming the nitrogen- and carbon-related biological pathways. The findings provide a new strategy for developing an effective and promising quantum fertilizer in agriculture.

Biodegradation was considered a promising and environmentally friendly method for treating environmental pollution caused by diuron. However, the mechanisms of biodegradation of diuron required further research. In this study, the degradation process of diuron by Achromobacter xylosoxidans SL-6 was systematically investigated. The results suggested that the antioxidant system of strain SL-6 was activated by adding diuron, thereby alleviating their oxidative stress response. In addition, degradation product analysis showed that diuron in strain SL-6 was mainly degraded by urea bridge cleavage, dehalogenation, deamination, and ring opening, and finally cis, cis-muconic acid was generated. The combined analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed the biodegradation and adaptation mechanism of strain SL-6 to diuron. Metabolomics analysis showed that after the strain SL-6 was exposed to diuron, metabolic pathways such as tricarboxylic acid cycle (cis, cis-muconic acid), glutathione metabolism (oxidized glutathione), and urea cycle (arginine) were reprogrammed in the cells. Furthermore, diuron could induce the production of membrane transport proteins in strain SL-6 cells and overexpress antioxidant enzyme genes, finally ultimately promoting the up-regulation of genes encoding amide hydrolases and dioxygenases, which was revealed by transcriptomics studies. This work enriched the biodegradation mechanism of phenylurea herbicides and provided guidance for the removal of diuron residues in the environment and promoting agriculture sustainable development.

A novel polysaccharide, named as PFP1-1 (23 kDa), was isolated from the fruiting body of Pleurotus ferulae. Structural analysis revealed that PFP1-1 is primarily composed of mannose, galactose, glucose and fucose, with a molar ratio of 41.50:41.92:4.65:1.93. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of characteristic absorption peaks associated with polysaccharides. Further analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) indicated that the polysaccharide mainly composed of → 6) -α-D-Galp- (1 →, → 2,6) -α-D-Galp- (1 → and a small amount of → 4) -α-D-Glcp- (1 →. The branched chain is mainly composed of β-D-Manp- (1 → and α-D-Glcp- (1 → connected at the O-2 position of the sugar residue → 2,6) -α-D-Galp- (1 →. PFP1-1 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and promoted cucumber plant growth. The mycelial growth inhibition rate of PFP1-1 against R. solani reached 70 %. In pot experiments, cucumber seedlings treated with PFP1-1 demonstrated resistance to R. solani infection and the incidence rate was significantly reduced to 22.92 %. PFP1-1 increased the root length and fresh weight of cucumber seedlings and enhanced the stress and disease resistance of plants by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. In conclusion, the present study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of P. ferulae polysaccharide in promoting plant growth and controlling plant diseases.

The use of nano-pesticide delivery systems to suppress crop disease has great potential in sustainable agriculture. Herein, a pH-responsive salicylic acid (SA) conjugation based on aminopropyl-functionalized ZnO quantum dots (SA-ZnO QDs) with a loading capacity of 13.4 wt% was prepared by an amidation reaction. Results indicated that SA-ZnO QDs could release SA rapidly in an acidic condition, which corresponded to the pH of the water-soaked lesions where the bacterial fruit blotch disease often spread. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized SA-ZnO QDs was about 1.6 times and 1.3 times higher than that of SA and aminopropyl-functionalized ZnO QDs, respectively. A pot experiment showed that foliar application of SA-ZnO QDs could reduce the incidence of bacterial fruit blotch disease (54.46%) by increasing the antioxidant defense systems (44.33-79.59%) and nutrient absorption (23.19-26.95%). More importantly, we observed that, after the application of SA-ZnO QDs, the systemic acquired resistance and flavone biosynthesis were activated in infected melon seedlings, which was revealed by metabolomics. This work demonstrates the important role of the quantum-delivery system in improving crop disease suppression for sustainable agriculture.

Bacterial fruit blotch is one of the most destructing diseases of melon producing-regions. Here, zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) were synthesized, and their antibacterial activity against Acidovorax citrulli was investigated. The results indicated that the obtained ZnO QDs displayed 5.7-fold higher antibacterial activity than a commercial Zn-based bactericide (zinc thiazole). Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of ZnO QDs irradiated with light was 1.8 times higher than that of the dark-treated group. It was because ZnO QDs could induce the generation of hydroxyl radicals and then up-regulate the expression of oxidative stress-related genes, finally leading to the loss of cell membrane integrity. A pot experiment demonstrated that foliar application of ZnO QDs significantly reduced the bacterial fruit blotch disease incidence (32.0%). Furthermore, the supply of ZnO QDs could improve the growth of infected melon seedlings by activating the antioxidant defense system. This work provides a promising light-activated quantum-bactericide for the management of pathogenic bacterial infections in melon crop protection.

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) were widely used material in environmental remediation, which has attracted increasing concern for their safety. Previous studies have shown that the addition of nZVI could inhibit rice seedling growth. However, the effect of nZVI on the soil-rice system during the entire life cycle was not reported. Furthermore, the effect of nZVI on the quality of rice grain has also not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of rice grain yield and nutritional quality upon exposure nZVI. The results showed that the soil pH value, redox potential and Fe (II) content in the nZVI-treated group were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, 2500 mg/kg nZVI significantly decreased the relative abundance of several functional microbial communities (10.52-73.53 %) associated with carbon and nitrogen cycles in response to plants compared to the control. Meanwhile, the nZVI treatment clearly reduced grain yield (8.71-18.21 %). Furthermore, the content of protein (51.72-57.79 %) and several essential nutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and Mo) in the nZVI-treated grains was also decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The results of grain metabolomics indicated that nZVI could interfere with the relative expression of lysine and glutathione by regulating the metabolic pathways of antioxidant and protein synthesis in rice.

【Objective】 This project aims to clarify the residual degradation dynamics of metolachlor in sugar beet and planting soil.【Method】 QuEChERS-GC/MS method was used to study the effects of different concentrations of S-Metolachor in different soil depths and sugarbeet.【Results】 The results showed that the S-Metolachorresidue was linear in the concentration range of 0.01-1.0 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 4.The minimum detection limit was 0.001 mg/kg; the average recovery was 84.81-110.45%, relative standard deviation（RSD, n=3） was between 1.36% and 9.0%.The degradation of S-Metolachorresidue in 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 cm soil and sugar beet in 1,296, 1,944, 3,888 g.a.i/hm~2, following the first-order kinetic equation.The residue in different depth soil increased with the increase of concentration, and decreased with the extension of time.The half-life of different application concentration in different depth soil was 9.12-17.77 d.The higher the application concentration, the slower the degradation rate.The residual amount and degradation rate in sugar beet were lower than that in soil, and the half-life was slightly higher than that in soil.The half-lives of three concentrations in sugar beet were 19.25 d, 26.65 d and 32.85 d, respectively.【Conclusion】 The degradation rate of S-Metolachlor in soil and sugar beet can reach 90% when 1,296 g.a.i/hm~2 and 1,944 g.a.i/hm~2 are applied, and is lower than 80% when the dosage of S-Metolachlor is 3,888 g.a.i/hm~2.From the perspective of degradation rate, S-Metolachlor is easy to degrade in soil and sugar beet, which belongs a kind of degradable pesticide.

Grasslands are the mainstay of terrestrial ecosystems and crucial ecological barriers, serving as the foundation for the development of grassland husbandry. However, the frequent occurrence of poisonous plants in grasslands weakens the stability of grassland ecosystems and constrains the growth of grassland livestock husbandry. To achieve early detection of the grassland weed Phlomoides umbrosa (Turcz.) Kamelin & Makhm, this study improves the YOLO-v8 model and proposes a BSS-YOLOv8 network model using UAV images. Using UAV, we can obtain early-stage image data of P. umbrosa and build a seedling dataset. To address challenges such as the complex grassland background and the dwarf seedlings of P. umbrosa, this study incorporated the BoTNet module into the backbone network of the YOLO-v8 model. Enhancing the integrity of feature extraction by linking global and local features through its multi-head self-attention mechanism (MHSA). Additionally, a detection layer was added in the model’s neck structure with an output feature map scale of 160 × 160 to further integrate P. umbrosa feature details from the shallow neural network, thereby strengthening the recognition of small target P. umbrosa. The use of GSConv, as a replacement for some standard convolutions, not only reduced model computational complexity but also further improved its detection performance. Ablation test results reveal that the BSS-YOLOv8 network model achieved a precision of 91.1%, a recall rate of 86.7%, an mAP50 of 92.6%, an F1-Score of 88.85%, and an mAP50:95 of 61.3% on the P. umbrosa seedling dataset. Compared with the baseline network, it demonstrated respective improvements of 2.5%, 3.8%, 3.4%, 3.19%, and 4.4%. When compared to other object detection models (YOLO-v5, Faster R-CNN, etc.), the BSS-YOLOv8 model similarly achieved the best detection performance. The BSS-YOLOv8 proposed in this study enables rapid identification of P. umbrosa seedlings in grassland backgrounds, holding significant importance for early detection and control of weeds in grasslands.

The removal of Cd from irrigation water and the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil remain significant challenges. Herein, we developed necklace-like core-shell structured mesoporous silica-coated nanoscale zero-valent iron (NL-NZVI@mHs) to efficiently remediate Cd-contaminated water and soil. The obtained materials had a large specific surface area and a higher adsorption capacity of 41.38 mg/g on Cd(II) [this was 5.7 times for nano-zero-valent iron (NZVI) alone]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that ligand exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic adsorption were the main mechanisms of Cd(II) adsorption. In addition, NL-NZVI@mHs exhibited good performance in the removal of Cd(II) from practical irrigation water samples. The nanochain mesoporous term chain of zero-valent iron exhibits long-term stability, indicating that it can be used multiple times (reduce waste volume). Furthermore, the addition of the obtained NL-NZVI@mHs composites decreased the bioavailability of Cd in the soil and significantly reduced the Cd content in rice seedlings. The results of this study provide a promising strategy for the remediation of Cd-polluted water and soil that may have large-scale applications in the future.

According to the previous research of our group, we found compound ZQ-8 ((1S,2R,4S)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-yl-4-(tert-butyl)benzoate). This compound showed a strong growth inhibitory effect on Helicoverpa armigera by inhibiting chitinase 2 and endochitinase. To further understand the mechanism of ZQ-8 interfering with the growth and development of H. armigera, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was utilized to analyze the metabolomics of the epidermis and viscera of H. armigera after ZQ-8 stress. The results revealed that the content of most metabolites was down-regulated after ZQ-8 treatment. Through the analysis of metabolic pathways, it was found that ZQ -8 mainly interfered with energy metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathways, which may be one of the important factors in which ZQ-8 caused the death of H. armigera larvae. Furthermore, ZQ-8 not only inhibits chitin degradation but also inhibits chitin synthesis in vivo. These findings provide new insights into a better understanding of the mechanism of action of ZQ-8.

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are widely used for in situ remediation of soils and groundwater. However, the effect of nZVI on rice quality in the soil-rice system during the life cycle has not been reported. Here, we conducted a life cycle study of rice grown in soils mixed with different concentrations (0, 500, 1000 and 2500 mg/kg) nZVI. The results showed that soil pH, redox potential and Fe (II) content in the nZVI -treated group was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, 2500 mg/kg nZVI significantly inhibited the relative abundance of several functional microbial communities associated with plant carbon and nitrogen cycling (10.52-73.53%) compared to the control. Meanwhile, the nZVI treatment clearly reduced grain yield (8.71-18.21%). Furthermore, the content of protein (51.72-57.79%) and several essential nutrients in the nZVI-treated grains was also decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Grain metabolomics studies indicated that 2500 mg/kg nZVI could interfere the relative expression of the lysine and glutathione through regulating the metabolic pathways of antioxidant and protein synthesis in rice. The findings of this work provide novel and potentially significant information on the environmental impact of nZVI, indicating that these particles could be of value in the sustainable application to increase food production and security under the appropriate conditions.

The deposition and spreading of pesticide droplets on the surface of plants is a severe challenge to precise pesticide application, which directly affects the pesticide utilization rate and efficacy. Cotton harvest aids are widely used in machine-picked cotton but the effect of formulation and concentration on the droplet behavior and defoliation effect of cotton defoliants is not clear. To clarify the influence of formulation and concentration on the droplet behavior of cotton defoliants, four formulations (suspension concentrate (SC), water dispersible granule (WG), oil dispersion (OD), and wettable powder (WP)) of cotton defoliants were used to prepare different concentrations of harvest aid solutions, according to the spraying volume. The physicochemical properties, droplet impact, and spreading and deposition behavior were studied. The results indicated that the four kinds of harvest aids have good physicochemical properties and can be wet and spread on cotton leaves. The surface tension of the high-concentration harvest aid solution (the spraying volume was less than 1.2 L/667 m2) was increased, which increased the contact angle and reduced the adhesion tension, adhesion work, and the spreading area. Once the harvest aid solution systems impacted the cotton leaves, it could spread to the maximum in a short time (10 ms). The field experiment showed that the droplet spectrum of harvest aids changed slightly, the coefficient of variation (CV) did not exceed 50%, and the defoliation rate was better when the spraying volume was 1.5 L/667 m2. The correlation and principal component analysis showed that the spraying volume (concentration) and coverage were negatively correlated with the defoliation rate, while the viscosity, diffusion factor, and spreading rate were positively correlated with the defoliation rate. Overall, the use of appropriate spraying volume application in cotton fields can improve the performance of spray, increase the effective deposition and wetting spread of defoliants on cotton leaves, further reduce the dosage of defoliants, and improve pesticide utilization. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific preparation and spraying of cotton harvest aid solutions.