Pineapple is widely favored by consumers for its rich proteins, vitamin C and other nutrients. Soluble solids content (SSC) has long been the core indicator for pineapple quality assessment, directly affecting its market acceptability and sales. To accurately detect pineapple SSC, this study used a hyperspectral imaging system to collect hyperspectral images in the 400–1700 nm range, with SSC measured by an Atago PAL-1 digital sugar meter as the reference. Five pretreatments (including multiple scattering correction (MSC), polynomial smoothing (SG) and mathematical transformations) were applied to raw spectral data, and three prediction models (partial least squares regression (PLSR), Lasso regression, ridge regression (RR)) were established. All models performed well: PLSR showed R²=0.9459 and RMSE = 0.5746, Lasso R²=0.8965 and RMSE = 1.0221, RR R²=0.8560 and RMSE = 1.2632. After screening characteristic bands via Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA) and re-modeling, the ddA-PLSR model was optimal (R²=0.9869, RMSE = 0.1250), with four key wavelengths (673-676nm, 711-715nm, 971-990nm, 1357-1367nm) extracted. This confirms hyperspectral imaging (HSI) enables efficient and accurate SSC detection in pineapples, with great application potential in pineapple quality identification.

Flowering is a pivotal developmental transition in the life cycle of plants, and the precise timing of this process is crucial for successful reproduction. The flowering mechanism of the pineapple is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, environmental conditions and cultivation methods. Once pineapple plants have reached a certain number of leaves, the timing of floral bud differentiation can be regulated by applying plant growth regulators. This facilitates staggered fruit production and enables a balanced year-round supply. The timing, quantity and quality of floral bud differentiation directly affect pineapple fruit quality and yield, and also significantly impact the economic and social benefits of the pineapple industry. This paper provides a systematic review of the morphological characteristics of flowers, the patterns of floral bud differentiation, the mechanisms underlying natural and induced flowering, and the key factors influencing flowering in pineapples. This review establishes a theoretical foundation for regulating fruiting periods and optimising high-quality, high-efficiency cultivation practices.

Seasonal drought constitutes a major abiotic stress limiting the growth and yield of pineapple, a globally important Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) crop. The sucrose catabolism mediated by cell wall invertase (CWIN) plays a vital role in regulating plant growth and development, as well as adaptive responses to abiotic stresses. Invertase inhibitors (INHs) serve as specific post-translational regulators that modulate CWIN enzymatic activity. However, the INH family has not been systematically characterized in pineapple, and its functional roles in mediating sucrose metabolism and drought resistance remain elusive. In this study, three AcINHs were identified from the pineapple genome, followed by comprehensive analyses of their gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, homology characteristics and protein structures. Structural analysis revealed that all AcINH members harbor conserved motifs 1, 2, 3, 5 and 9, whereas only AcINH3 possesses motif 7. Expression analysis showed that only AcINH3 was significantly transcriptionally induced by drought stress among all family members. Functional validation demonstrated that AcINH3 knockout markedly elevated CWIN activity in pineapple seedling leaves, facilitating hexose accumulation and promoting plant growth and development. Moreover, AcINH3-edited lines exhibited enhanced drought resistance, accompanied by increased accumulation of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose), abscisic acid (ABA), and proline (PRO), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity. Biochemical assays further verified a direct physical interaction between AcINH3 and AcCWIN1, which mediates sucrose metabolism and drought stress responses. Collectively, this study identifies a novel AcINH3-AcCWIN1 post-translational module that modulates sugar metabolism and drought tolerance in pineapple, providing critical mechanistic insights for CAM plants. Our findings highlight AcINH3 as a promising target for genome-editing breeding to enhance drought resistance in CAM crops.

The year-round supply of 'Comte de Paris' pineapple, largely achieved to meet market demand, but 'Comte de Paris' pineapple is highly vulnerable to internal browning (IB) during postharvest storage, severely impacting its commercial attributes. Therefore, understanding the patterns of the IB variation is essential to produce high-quality and flavorful pineapple. Our study evaluated the quality and the IB occurrence rate of pineapple harvested monthly for three consecutive years. The sugar content exhibited significantly seasonal difference and could serve as a reference for regulating production period to ensure high-quality of fruits. The occurrence rate of IB also showed significant seasonal difference and was highly correlated with the temperature of harvest month and sugar content. The increase of fructose and glucose content could be the biomarker for potential IB. The occurrence of IB led to significant decrease in the contents of sucrose and organic acids, particularly citric acid, which is crucial for maintaining the flavor and quality of pineapple. Based on those findings, the application of 0.2 % of citric acid significantly reduced the occurrence of IB by increasing ascorbic acid content, enhancing peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activities, while decreasing polyphenol oxidase activity. This study indicates that the occurrence of IB is a complex process regulated by multiple factors and provided an insightful explanation and prevention strategy of the inconsistent quality of pineapple harvested at different seasons. The results could be used to guide the cultivation and production for consistently harvesting high-quality pineapple at different seasons and storage.

Increasing the absorption and utilization rate of agrochemicals in agriculture can enhance food productivity and quality. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as agrochemical carriers present a promising potential in achieving these aims. For plants, the particle diameter and pore size of the agrochemical delivery system influence their loading and absorption efficacy. In the present study, MSNs with controllable diameter and pore size were successfully synthesized. The characterization, agrochemical loading and in vitro release behavior were evaluated. The controllable diameter (22.6-32.8 nm) and pore size (2.6-10.2 nm) can be modulated by controlling the concentration of the swelling agent TMB. Then the MSNs were functionalized and examined as a vehicle for loading the agrochemicals and in vitro release behavior. MSNs demonstrated its promising potential for agrochemical delivery and controlling the release rate of agrochemicals.

Breeding is an effective method for the varietal development of pineapple. However, due to open pollination, it is necessary to conduct authentic identification of the hybrid offspring. In this study, we identified the authenticity of offspring and analyzed the genetic diversity within the offspring F1 hybrids resulting from crosses between ‘Josapine’ and ‘MD2’ by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. From the resequencing data, 26 homozygous loci that differentiate between the parents have been identified. Then, genotyping was performed on both the parents and 36 offspring to select SNP markers that are suitable for authentic identification. The genotyping results revealed that 2 sets of SNP primers, namely SNP4010 and SNP22550, successfully identified 395 authentic hybrids out of 451 hybrid offspring. We randomly selected two true hybrids and four pseudohybrids for sequencing validation, and the results have shown that two true hybrids had double peaks with A/G, while pseudohybrids had single peaks with base A or G. Further study showed that the identification based on SNP molecular markers remained consistent with the morphological identification results in the field, with a true hybridization rate of 87.58%. K-means clustering and UPGMA tree analysis revealed that the hybrid offspring could be categorized into two groups. Among them, 68.5% of offspring aggregated with MD2, while 31.95% were grouped with Josapine. The successful application of SNP marker to identify pineapple F1 hybrid populations provides a theoretical foundation and practical reference for the future development of rapid SNP marker-based methods for pineapple hybrid authenticity and purity testing.

‘Josapine’ is a famous pineapple cultivar as a kind of table fruit with a strong special aromatic fragrance like rose or jasmine, In this paper, ripen fruits were harvested monthly from January to June, and volatile compounds were measured by HS-SPME-GC-MS method to reveal the mysterious aroma compounds. Results showed that 112 volatile compounds totally were found in 5 harvest time. Esters and terpenes are the dominant volatiles among Josapine. February fruits contained the most abundant esters with 80.85% of total volatiles and May fruits contained the richest terpenes with 57.17%. In April and May harvested period, (Z)- β-ocimene was extremely significantly higher than that of other three periods. In March fruit. fruits smelt much more floral than in February and March probably attribute to the abundant (Z)-β-ocimene.

Pineapple is one of the most important crops in tropical and subtropical areas. However, its production has been seriously impacted by the issue of fruit translucency in the past several decades. Fruit translucency is a physiological disorder of pineapple flesh with water-soaked core which results in a decline in pineapple quality. It has become a significant challenge for the sustainability of pineapple industry. Currently, the cause and pathophysiological development of pineapple translucency still have not been fully understood. The preventative and remedial measurements on the disease have yet to be effectively implemented in the production process. This review provides comprehensive information and the latest research progress on the possible pathogenesis, initiating factors, preventive and control practices, and detection techniques for pineapple translucency. Furthermore, the progress of research on apple and pear fruit translucency in recent years is reviewed and compared with pineapple translucency. The review offers theoretical guidance and insightful knowledge for the investigation of pineapple translucency disease.

Sucrose content influences the flavour and quality of fruits. Sucrose synthase (SUS; EC 2.4.1.13) mediates the reversible conversion of uridine diphosphate and sucrose to uridine diphosphate-glucose and fructose. Although genome-wide analyses of SUS gene families exist for various species, such studies are lacking for pineapple. The specific SUS gene(s) involved in sucrose metabolism during pineapple development remain unknown. This study identified six SUS genes (AcSUS1-6) and analysed their chromosomal locations, synteny, structure, motif composition, sequence alignments, and phylogenetic relationships. Gene promoter analysis revealed a predominance of light-response elements in the AcSUS gene family. AcSUS1 was predominantly expressed in the peduncle, pericarp, and core, whereas AcSUS4 was highly expressed in the flesh. The levels of sucrose, glucose, and fructose increase during pineapple fruit development. Further gene expression analysis indicated that AcSUS2, AcSUS3, and AcSUS5 were down-regulated during this period. These results suggest that AcSUS2, AcSUS3, and AcSUS5 may modulate sucrose breakdown in pineapple. This study contributes to our understanding of SUS gene function in regulating sucrose metabolism and offers valuable theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of pineapples.

MIKC型MADS-box家族成员SVP参与植物开花时间和花发育的调控.本研究从'巴厘'菠萝中克隆到成花抑制蛋白SVP亚家族的一个同源基因AcMADS14,其开放阅读框长度为897 bp,编码299个氨基酸.序列分析发现AcMADS14蛋白包含1个高度保守的MADS-box结构域和1个半保守的K-box结构域.系统进化分析表明AcMADS14蛋白序列与油棕EgSVP和椰子CnSVP具有较高的同源性.通过RT-qPCR分析组织特异性发现AcMADS14在叶片、根等营养器官中表达较高,在花分生组织、雄蕊和雌蕊等生殖器官中表达量较低;外源喷施乙烯利抑制了 AcMADS14在花芽分化阶段的表达,特别是在花器官分化期表达量显著下降.此外,转录激活活性分析表明AcMADS14蛋白具有转录激活活性,可激活或抑制下游靶基因.综上,AcMADS14可能响应乙烯处理在菠萝营养生长转变为生殖生长的过程中发挥抑制作用,为探究菠萝成花分子机制提供了理论基础.

Pineapple color yellowing and quality promotion gradually manifest as pineapple fruit ripening progresses. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying yellowing in pineapples during ripening, coupled with alterations in fruit quality, comprehensive metabolome and transcriptome investigations were carried out. These investigations were conducted using pulp samples collected at three distinct stages of maturity: young fruit (YF), mature fruit (MF), and fully mature fruit (FMF). This study revealed a noteworthy increase in the levels of total phenols and flavones, coupled with a concurrent decline in lignin and total acid contents as the fruit transitioned from YF to FMF. Furthermore, the analysis yielded 167 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 2194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Integration analysis based on DAMs and DEGs revealed that the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, particularly the flavonol, flavonoid, and phenypropanoid pathways, plays a pivotal role in fruit yellowing. Additionally, RNA-seq analysis showed that structural genes, such as FLS, FNS, F3H, DFR, ANR, and GST, in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were upregulated, whereas the COMT, CCR, and CAD genes involved in lignin metabolism were downregulated as fruit ripening progressed. APX as well as PPO, and ACO genes related to the organic acid accumulations were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Importantly, a comprehensive regulatory network encompassing genes that contribute to the metabolism of flavones, flavonols, lignin, and organic acids was proposed. This network sheds light on the intricate processes that underlie fruit yellowing and quality alterations. These findings enhance our understanding of the regulatory pathways governing pineapple ripening and offer valuable scientific insight into the molecular breeding of pineapples.

Single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP） is widely distributed in plant genomes, which is one of the most abundant form of DNA variation. The molecular markers based on single nucleotide polymorphism are considered to be of great application prospect. Penta-primer amplification re-fractory mutation system（PARMS） is a kind of new genotyping system based on single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP） which has the advantages of high throughput, high accuracy, low cost and short time consuming. The establishment of the PARMS system of pineapple is significant in germplasm identification, gene mapping and marker-assisted selection of pineapple. In this study, three germplasms of significant difference in phenotypes were used as the materials. A specific primer SNP31 was designed based on the resequencing data of 130 germplasm resources. The result revealed SNP31 could effectively group the pineapple germplasm resources, and be used for the subsequent optimization of the system. Reaction volume,primer concentration,method of DNA extracting and template DNA amount were optimized. The results showed that reaction volume, primer concentration and template DNA amount could affect the fluorescence signal value of the genotype signal point. The fluorescence signal value of genotypic signal point decreased when the reaction volume was larger or smaller. The optimal reaction volume was 6 μL. When the concentration of primer and template DNA increased, the fluorescence signal value of genotype signal point increased. The optimal concentration of primer and template DNA was 100 μmol/L and 25 ng/μL, respectively. In addition, different methods of genomic DNA extraction could group well the PARMS-SNP for the three germplasms of pineapple. The optimal PARMS reaction system was as follows:total volume 6 μL, containing 1 μL template DNA（25 ng）, 3 μL PARMS mix（2×）, 0.45 μL primer mix（100 μmol/L） and 1.55 μL ddH 2 O. With the optimal PARMS reaction system, high quality results of PARMS-SNP genotyping was produced on sixty-five pineapple germplasm resources, which indicated that the reaction system was accurate and stable. The establishment of the optimized PARMS genotyping system could provide a basis for the genetic diversity analysis, genetic linkage map construction, gene mapping and marker-assisted selection of pineapple in this study.

"课程思政"是在原有课程"教书"功能的基础上,同时进行"育人"功能,使"知识传授"和"价值引领"有机融合,从而改变传统专业课教师只注重"授业、解惑"而忽视"传道"的弊端.专业课程中蕴含很多思政元素,授课教师通过挖掘专业课程知识点思政元素,在相应知识点的讲授过程中,以润物细无声的方式传达给学生,不仅能增强学生对专业知识点的掌握,对专业课程的兴趣,还能提高学生的思想政治水平.在"植物学"教学过程中通过实施课程思政,使思想政治教育与课程教育有机融合,提升了学生对"植物学"课程的喜爱程度、对知识点的掌握程度,提高了学生德、智、体、美、劳中"德"的综合素质.

Exogenous ethylene is commonly utilized to initiate flower induction in pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.). However, the molecular mechanisms and metabolic changes involved are not well understood. In this study, we explored the genetic network and metabolic shifts in the ‘Comte de Paris’ pineapple variety during ethylene-induced flowering. This was achieved through an integrative analysis of metabolome and transcriptome profiles at vegetative shoot apexes (0 d after ethephon treatment named BL_0d), the stage of bract primordia (8 d after ethephon treatment named BL_8d), stage of flower primordia (18 d after ethephon treatment named BL_18d), and the stage of stopped floret differentiation (34 d after ethephon treatment named BL_34d). We isolated and identified 804 metabolites in the pineapple shoot apex and inflorescence, categorized into 24 classes. Notably, 29, 31, and 46 metabolites showed significant changes from BL_0d to BL_8d, BL_8d to BL_18d, and BL_18d to BL_34d, respectively. A marked decrease in indole was observed, suggesting its role as a characteristic metabolite during flower induction. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 956, 1768, and 4483 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for BL_0d vs. BL_8d, BL_8d vs. BL_18d, and BL_18d vs. BL_34d, respectively. These DEGs were significantly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism and hormone signaling pathways, indicating their potential involvement in flower induction. Integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data, we identified several candidate genes, such as Agamous-Like9 (AGL9), Ethylene Insensitive 3-like (ETIL3), Apetala2 (AP2), AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT (ANT), and Sucrose synthase 2 (SS2), that play potentially crucial roles in ethylene-induced flower induction in pineapple. We also established a regulatory network for pineapple flower induction, correlating metabolites and DEGs, based on the Arabidopsis thaliana pathway as a reference. Overall, our findings offer a deeper understanding of the metabolomic and molecular mechanisms driving pineapple flowering.

A physiological disease of the pineapple fruit called pineapple translucency causes the pulp to become water-soaked, which affects the fruit's taste, flavor, shelf life, and integrity. In the present study, we analyzed seven pineapple varieties, of which three were watery and four were non-watery. There were no apparent macronutritional (K, P, or N) differences in their pulp, but the non-watery pineapple varieties had higher dry matter and soluble sugar content. The metabolomic analysis found 641 metabolites and revealed differential expression of alkaloids, phenolic acids, nucleotide derivatives, lipids, and other metabolites among the seven species. Transcriptome analysis and further KEGG enrichment showed downregulation of 'flavonoid biosynthesis' pathways, differential expression of metabolic pathways, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction. We believe this study will provide critical molecular data supporting a deeper understanding of pineapple translucency formation and greatly benefit future research on this commercially important crop.

菠萝是一种重要的热带水果,本研究从国内外不同品种、激素、矿质元素、农艺措施、有机酸代谢相关酶对菠萝果实酸含量的研究现状进行总结,并在此基础上对后续试验研究提出几点展望,以期推动菠萝果实酸含量的研究往纵深发展.

蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS,EC 2.4.1.14)是调控蔗糖合成的关键限速酶,SPS受SPS基因家族编码,不同物种中SPS蛋白长度介于468～1 107 aa之间,分子量在104.1～120.1 kD之间,理论等电点范围为5.81～6.76,外显子数量介于9～14之间,内含子数量介于10～13之间.进化分析表明SPS基因可以分为A、B、C、D4个亚家族,同一植物中不同亚家族SPS基因的时空表达具有差异,功能也有所差异,光温条件和栽培措施可以显著影响SPS基因的表达.转SPS基因研究表明其对植物的蔗糖含量、产量、生物量和纤维含量有显著的影响.本研究对SPS基因在国内外的研究现状进行了总结,并展望了未来的研究方向,以期为进一步揭开植物蔗糖代谢的分子调控机制、加快植物分子育种提供理论参考.

成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)/CRISPR相关蛋白9(Cas9)已成为一种有价值的基因组编辑工具,能够在特定选择的位点改变DNA序列,可以在作物基因组的靶点位置精确地实现删除、替换或插入特定序列,引入理想的目标性状.该工具具有简单、高效、成本低以及功能强大等特性,在柑橘、葡萄、香蕉和草莓等果树中已实现多种类型的应用,包含产生白化表型、调控童期和花期、调控果实品质以及创造矮化和抗病虫害品种等.综述了 CRISPR/Cas9系统及其作用过程,介绍了新开发的精准编辑技术,包括单碱基编辑器、引导编辑及CRISPR/Cpf1多基因编辑系统,并详细阐述了CRISPR/Cas9系统在果树基因组编辑中的应用进展,包括果树种类、目标基因及目标性状等,归纳了 CRISPR/Cas9系统实现高效编辑所遇到的遗传转化和再生体系、脱靶效应和启动子选择问题,最后提出了不断优化遗传转化和再生体系、合理选择靶位点和设计sgRNA、植物内源启动子及新编辑技术的解决策略.

随着纳米生物技术的快速发展,以纳米材料作为基因载体在植物细胞转导研究中取得了初步进展.本研究制备了两种尺寸的介孔硅纳米颗粒,氨基修饰后对其进行表征,并负载含smGFP基因的质粒DNA对拟南芥原生质体进行细胞转导.结果表明,直径约20 nm的氨基化介孔硅纳米颗粒(Am-MSN-20)呈类球形,花形结构的氨基化介孔硅纳米颗粒(Am-MSN-50)直径约50nm,两者均带正电荷.Am-MSN-50结合DNA的能力高于Am-MSN-20,两种纳米载体都表现出了良好的稳定性,能够保护负载的pDNA不被细胞核酸酶降解,并且对原生质体没有毒害作用.与Am-MSN-20相比较,Am-MSN-50具备更高的转导效率.本研究表明,氨基修饰的MSNs有望成为一种安全高效的新型植物基因载体.