超深层碳酸盐岩气田普遍具有基质致密、裂缝发育和强非均质性的特点,采用常规"一点法"对其进行的产能评价结果与矿场实际产能之间存在着显著矛盾.文中在回顾"一点法"理论和应用的基础上,明确了"一点法"产能评价的概念、内涵及应用局限;以安岳气田为实例,建立了视均质、缝洞Ⅱ型、孔洞Ⅰ型、孔隙Ⅱ型4类典型储层的经验数描述和试气测试时间与转换系数关系图版,并导出了不同试气测试时间下的扩展"一点法"计算公式.矿场应用结果表明:扩展"一点法"的适用条件为气井试气测试资料与生产资料中的油压、产量数据具有较好的一致性;与常规"一点法"相比,扩展"一点法"可提升视均质、孔洞Ⅰ型、孔隙Ⅱ型3类储层的产能评价可靠性.新方法的建立及应用为评价气井初期产能与合理制定超深层碳酸盐岩气田开发技术对策奠定了基础.

一、应用新技术提高计量数据自动采集率 计量数据的自动采集率不仅体现着公司自动化水平,也是计量专业管理水平的重要标志.为改变公司多年来计量数据自采率低,人工抄量、手动录入数据的传统工作方式,公司应用现代先进技术,因地制宜采取措施稳步提升计量数据自动采集率.

川中地区二叠系栖霞组储层厚度薄且主要发育于栖二地层底部,而栖二底界面的地震反射呈现为中、弱强度的弱连续性的波峰反射和空白反射特征,目前三维地震数据体难以准确地识别栖二底界面的地震反射层位.基于井控反褶积高分辨率处理方法,以研究区完钻井井震标定的合成记录的保真度为质控手段,针对栖霞组地层开展了叠后三维地震资料的高分辨率处理,获得了具有高保真度的叠后高分辨率三维数据体.高分辨率处理前、后的三维数据体的对比分析发现:该方法获得的高分辨率三维数据体不仅栖二底界面的地震反射连续性增强,而且栖霞组顶界面的地震反射由于分辨率提高而消除了复波反射.基于高分辨率三维地震数据体,完成了栖二段地层的构造解释,获得了可靠的栖二底界面的构造图,为栖霞组薄储层预测提供了一定的支持.

2000年投产的大港油田大张坨储气库是中国第一座商业运行的储气库.20年来,大港油田储气库业务从无到有、从小到大、从大到优,经营理念不断调整,在技术、业务、政策、改革、市场5种力量交织驱动中逐步发展,其中市场是最大的驱动力量.大港油田储气库的建设历程表明,油气田是当前我国储气库建设的主要力量,但是市场机制不健全等问题制约了我国储气库业务的进一步发展.建议国家加快完善储气库市场机制,显性化油气藏储层的市场价值,加强储气库专业人才队伍建设.

川南地区Y101区油气资源丰富,主要产气层下二叠统茅口组岩溶缝洞发育.储集层厚度小,横向非均质性强,与上覆上二叠统龙潭组岩性速度差异大,形成"两谷夹一峰"的强反射界面,对茅口组岩溶储集体产生屏蔽效应,导致岩溶储集体地震响应识别困难.为此,建立一套基于模型正演的频率域子波重构和波形分解技术进行岩溶储集体地震响应识别,首先,根据研究区钻井资料、测井资料和地层结构建立茅口组岩溶储集体模型,采用基于有限差分法的声波波动方程进行正演模拟;然后运用多子波分解的频率域子波重构和波形分解技术去除强反射界面,实现岩溶储集体地震识别.川南地区Y101区的应用效果验证了该方法的有效性;基于模型正演的频率域子波重构和波形分解技术能够消除强反射界面的屏蔽影响,储集层地震响应与钻井吻合度较高.

川中磨溪地区灯二段气藏是典型的构造油气藏,准确地预测灯二顶界面的海拔至关重要.这里以综合波阻抗反演的组合层速度场构建技术为基础,从背景层速度场和目的层段的速度场的融合处理和基于完钻井测井数据或VSP数据的井控误差校正等方面,对原技术流程进行了细化,得到了一套适用于构造成图的高精度层速度场构建的技术流程.磨溪区块灯二顶界面的构造成图分析表明,采用高精度层速度构建流程获得的层速度的计算精度,优于常规的基于DIX公式的计算方法,该成果有助于磨溪地区灯二气藏的高效开发.

对兰州石化多年来计量数据自动采集方式改造、计量信息管理平台开发、计量远程电子化交接系统开发、衡器无人值守系统的建设和应用进行了介绍,并就其效果进行了阐述.

为解决航空煤油汽车发运进出厂效率低、计量交接数据实时性差等弊端,设计了车辆出厂自动装车计量一体化系统,实现航空煤油自动定量装车,以质量流量计的实际装车量作为最终的交接量,并通过软件实现装车现场监控、装车业务流程管理、装车数据存储、远程在线电子化交接等功能,该系统应用后使车辆进出厂效率显著提高.

For a long time, although the Upper Permian was discovered in the Changxing Formation, no large-scale production capacity has been formed.The reef-shoal distribution characteristic of the Changxing Formation, the border of the Late Permian Yanting-Pengxi intracratonic sag and the hydrocarbon accumulation relationship are still not clear.With the latest seismic data, this paper describes the latest boundary of the eastern section of the Yanting-Pengxi intracratonic sag in detail, and summarizes the distribution of reef-shoal body and the geological characteristic of hydrocarbon for the Changxing Formation in the central Sichuan Basin.The results show that: (1) The southwestern side of the Yanting-Pengxi intracratonic sag is characterized by the development of the strip-like complex reef-shoal, which is named as the High Belt of the Moxi Shoal Platform Margin.The northeast side mainly developed the tundra-like reef as the main feature, it is named as the High Belt of the Guang'an Reef Platform Margin. (2) The Yanting-Pengxi sag has a controlling effect on the thickness of the Changxing Formation and the distribution of reef-shoal in the central Sichuan Basin.There are significant thickness differences of the Changxing Formation on the both sides of the intracratonic sag boundary.The reef-shoal are mainly developed in the middle and upper strata of the Changxing Formation. (3) The Yanting-Pengxi Intracratonic sag has a controlling effect on the source rock distribution of the Upper Permianto the Triassic in the central Sichuan Basin.The thickness of the Changxing Formation in the intracratonic sag reduced, while the thickness of the Feixianguan Formation obviously increased, which have the development conditions of high quality source rocks. (4) With multisource hydrocarbon supply model of the Lower Cambrian black shale leading and the vertical-lateral seal bypassing system, the Changxing Formation in the Sichuan Basin is secondary paleo-oil reservoir-original gas reservoir/secondary gas reservoir models.In summary, the geological characteristics of the Changxing Formation in the central Sichuan Basin is more complex than those in the Lower Paleozoic.The paleo-oil reservoirs of the Changxing Formation are currently not a large scale, so that the lack of gas source is the main reason for the lack of large-scale reservoir accumulation.The coupling relationship of good source rocks/gas source areas-seal bypassing system-reef-shoal reservoirs is the key point for"dessert"zone exploration of the Changxing Formation.

With the basis of WIA-PA as industrial process automation,oil refining metering and monitoring system on a basis of WIA-PA wireless network is established by intelligent wireless gateway,wireless adapter,relay equipment and on-site collection equipment and so on.The automatic collection,wireless transmission of the refinery material data from collecting layer,transmission layer and application layer is realized,and the data is finally uploaded to metering information management platform for timely analyzing and tracking metering.The reliability of automatic collection of refining materials are ensured.

The measurement information management platform which having the computer technology cored,the modern information integration technology combined and the advanced network system adopted as well as the platform function of both real-time database and historical database integrated was designed to implement centralized and unified management of the factory materials,energy metering and internal mutual-supply,and to provide both technical support and quality assurance for products and to monitor enterprise's measurement information as well as to compare and analyze key measurement data so as to realize the standardization,specialization and informationization in the measurement management.

企业的成本管理对企业而言至关重要，作业成本法在成本管理中发挥了重要作用，对石油企业这种工艺复杂的粗放型企业而言，作业成本法的地位更高，直接关系到企业的经济效益，对石油企业的发展有重要意义，本文主要对作业成本法在石油企业成本管理中的应用进行简单介绍，加深读者对作业成本法的了解。

随着市场化体制的不断改革,企业的发展同市场的关系日益密切,受市场因素的影响也很大,现阶段企业的发展的方向就是控制成本,降低企业的生产成本的措施提升企业竞争力.石油企业是我国重要支柱产业,石油企业的发展关系到国家经济命脉,对石油企业而言,加强人工成本管理是成本控制的一种方式,本文就加强人工成本管理谈一谈具体对策,以促进石油企业的发展.

Previous study suggests that the block to the south of Qili 8 well in Shuangjiaba area,eastern Sichuan Basin,belongs to platform margin facies;moreover,it is favorable for the oolitic- shoal development of Feixianguan Formation.After adopting 3D seismic waveform classification technique and new drilling data,it is deemed that to the south of Qili 8 well belongs to the facies near inside platform or platform margin,while the platform margin facies are distributed in the north(just between Qili 8 and Qili 22 wells),where is favorable for the development of oolitic- shoal reservoir.In addition,the distribution of oolitic- shoal reservoir is identified through 3D seismic data in order to further understand the oolitic reservoir body of Feixianguan Formation.

四川盆地二、三叠系长兴组—飞仙关组礁、滩气藏勘探的不断突破需要更进一步弄清其礁、滩体分布及其控制因素.为此,在对比分析各种过井资料及三维地震资料的基础上,研究了晚二叠世区域古地貌格局、拉张作用、长兴组—飞仙关组体系域等对开江—梁平海槽形态和礁、滩分布、发育的影响.结论认为:①晚二叠世末,四川盆地呈“三隆三凹”的古地貌格局,其对礁滩的分布起到了重要的控制作用；②拉张作用的不均衡性使得环开江—梁平海槽台缘斜坡带坡度陡缓存在差异,这一差异影响着礁滩发育的早晚和连续性；③层序演化结果表明龙潭期以海侵体系域为主,长兴组中后期为高水位体系域,体系域的变迁使得近台缘地区可能发育多期礁体.此外,还对台缘地区微古地貌的刻画方法进行了探讨,认为台缘生物礁的分布形态可以是沿台地边缘弯曲展布的串珠状礁体,也可能是与海槽斜交的斜列式分布的礁体.最后根据研究结果,划分出了有利勘探区带.

Feixianguan Formation is the principal gas-producing interval in northeastern Sichuan Basin.And the reservoir is mainly composed by oolitic dolomite and its main trap type is structural-lithological compound trap.As a gradually further E P,to identify the oolitic shoal gas reservoir of Feixianguan Formation trap becomes outstanding.In this paper,the reservoir-forming condition and reservoir distribution are analyzed;the seismic response characteristics of both different seismic facies and oolitic shoal reservoir are studied;the distribution of oolitic shoal reservoir in Wubaochang area is predicted even the reservoir is featured by large burial depth and relatively low exploration degree;and the structural-lithological compound trap is identified which can guide a further exploration for oolitic shoal gas reservoirs.

Mountain seismic data featured by great static correction directly affects seismic interpretation with a low resolution and signal-to-noise ratio,resulting in reducing reliability of tectonic effort and unfavoring gas/oil exploration and development.Therefore,implementing static correction and removing noise availably are focused by people.The paper concludes the primary techniques of mountain seismic data processing with a low signal-to-noise ratio and introduces the methods to solve static correction problems by the combination of multiple static correction.Simultaneously,noise is controlled effectively by the application of removing noise in multi-region.As a result,the potential of primary data is developed furthest so as to upgrade a signal-to-noise ratio of data.

通过对川东北部飞仙关组鲕滩储层裂缝的研究认为:裂缝发育程度受岩性、构造因素控制,裂缝对储层总孔隙度贡献不大.当储层总孔隙度较低时,裂缝发育程度与储层总渗透率有着较明显的正相关关系;当储层总孔隙度较高时,裂缝对储层总渗透率贡献不大;储层的总孔隙度与其裂缝密度成负相关关系.在川东北部地区,裂缝的发育对金珠坪、铁山南气藏的产能贡献较大,而对渡口河、罗家寨、铁山坡气藏产能的影响不明显.

川东北部地区飞仙关期属于川东碳酸盐台地的一部分，位于长兴晚期—飞仙关早期发育的开江—梁平海槽的东北侧。飞仙关组鲕滩储层主要是鲕粒坝(滩)经云化及溶蚀作用改造后形成的残余鲕粒云岩类孔隙性储渗体，是四川气田目前勘探的重点区层。储层的分布明显受沉积相带控制，鲕滩储层随沉积相带的演化在纵横向上不断迁移。在目前3750km2的探区内，庞家山—月溪场—紫水坝一线以西为储层发育的最有利区，向北东方向储层物性变差，这已被目前的勘探实践所证实。