永川地区H202井区是我国首批4000 m以深的页岩气先导试验区.该井区目前已完成测试井8口,测试产量6.02～15.4×104 m3/d,目前均投入生产.本文通过对H202井区已投产气井的生产动态特征进行分析,总结了永川地区H202井区的生产特征.并通过递减拟合对气井初期采用控压配产的生产制度进行探讨:采用控压配产的方式可有效控制递减速度,提高单井累积产量,延长气井生产期,对深层页岩气开采具有借鉴意义.

为了提高凝析油稳定系统能效,基于?分析寻找系统用能缺陷,从有效能的损耗路径出发,采用响应面工艺参数优化来降低有效能的损耗,并采用闪蒸不凝气回收利用工艺将废弃的有效能回收利用,从而达到了节能降耗的目的.研究表明:?损主要来自于凝液换热器、闪蒸分离器和凝析油稳定塔,三者?损之和约占工艺总?损的95％;通过响应面模型对基于?损的敏感性参数进行优化求解,得到最佳闪蒸温度为25℃,闪蒸压力为1.05 MPa,凝析油稳定塔重沸器温度为90℃;增设了闪蒸气回收一体化装置,回收废弃的有效能为28121.89～39537.34 kJ/h.优化后系统整体?损失减少108100.50～113406.29 kJ/h,综合能耗降低4375.67～4437.05 MJ/d,凝析油产品的产量更高、质量更好.

可控震源高效采集技术广泛应用于宽方位、高密度地震勘探,该技术在提高野外施工效率获得TB级地震数据的同时,给室内数据处理带来了相位和初至不清晰、特有噪声严重、数据量大的挑战.在分析可控震源采集数据的相位和初至波变化特点、不同类型的噪声及其特征等的基础上,讨论了可控震源地震资料处理中需要关注的问题.针对可控震源子波零相位特点,采用可控震源地震资料小相位处理技术,以满足反褶积等处理技术对相位假设的需求;针对可控震源采集的地震资料初至不清楚的不足,采用初至波优化处理及人工智能初至拾取技术,以满足处理中基于初至波的静校正技术的应用条件;针对可控震源地震资料存在的谐波干扰、“黑三角”强能量干扰、邻炮干扰等特殊噪声,采用针对性技术予以识别与压制,以提高地震资料信噪比;针对可控震源采集的地震数据量大的特点,采用数据特征统计方法与数据压缩技术对地震资料进行质量分析与监控.某沙漠区可控震源采集地震资料处理实例证明,上述处理技术应用效果良好.

针对以往二维平面条件下确定天然气管道最优路径难以符合真实环境的情况,利用GIS软件Global Mapper提取高分辨率离散化三维地形数据,建立DEM数字高程模型(Digital ElevationModel,DEM).基于DEM模型,以天然气管道长度最短为评价指标,管道弹性敷设曲率半径为约束条件,建立地形起伏地区管道路径寻优模型,采用改进的Dijkstra算法(A*算法),应用启发式搜索方式,求解两点间最优的曲面路径.通过实际地形模拟分析表明,基于Global Mapper建立DEM数字高程模型工作量小、精度高,能够有效模拟地形的真实情况;A*算法具有良好的全局收敛性和计算鲁棒性,适用于管道路径寻优模型的求解,能够有效缩短管道总长度,降低路径的起伏程度.

中国南方地区下志留统龙马溪组发育高碳富含笔石的黑色页岩,然而作为页岩重要的生物输入,目前有关笔石对有机质富集的影响、生烃机理等方面的研究则较少,并且关于笔石对有机质的富集作用也还存在着争议.为此,基于对四川盆地南缘典型井YS118井龙马溪组底部的124块页岩样品的笔石丰度、全岩总有机碳含量(TOC)、围岩TOC以及能谱对笔石和围岩的分析测试结果,分析笔石的元素组成,厘清龙马溪组底部优质页岩段纵向上笔石丰度变化特征,探讨P.persculptus带—C.vesiculosus带笔石丰度与有机质富集关系,定量表征不同笔石带笔石体对有机质的贡献率.研究结果表明:①龙马溪组页岩中笔石体碳元素含量较高(27.23％～32.25％),碳元素是笔石构成的主要元素之一;②笔石TOC大于围岩TOC,笔石较围岩更富集碳元素;③全岩TOC明显高于围岩TOC,且笔石丰度与全岩TOC相关性较好,笔石是页岩有机质的重要贡献者;④P.persculptus带和A.ascensus带中的笔石体对有机质的贡献率分别为58.5％、55.3％,笔石是页岩中有机质的主要来源;P.acuminatus带和C.vesiculosus带中的笔石体对有机质的贡献率分别为24.23％、13.65％,笔石和其他生物共同控制有机质的丰度.结论 认为,笔石丰度反映了页岩中有机质富集的程度.

天然气压力容器是一种重要的天然气存储容器,天然气压力容器对于天然气的正常安全使用具有重要意义,因此,要重视天然气压力容器的维护和保养.影响天然气压力容器的一个重要因素是腐蚀.本文通过研究分析天然气压力容器腐蚀的原因,并提出方案措施对天然气压力容器进行保护.

Gas balance is the basis for ensuring the integrity and safety of the natural gas pipeline net-work system. After the third energy reform of Europe in 2009, European natural gas balance system has gradually established a gas balance area and a pipeline transportation model,using physical and com-mercial means to ensure the gas balance of the pipe network. Therefore, through studying the Euro-pean market, the constitution of gas balance area, the pipeline transportation system model, the gas balance method as well as the development situation of gas balance area, and on the basis of analyzing the general situation of gas balance in Europe,the enlightenment of the gas balance of the pipe network system for China is summarized: China should establish concepts and models of the gas balance area which matches with capacity transaction, strengthen the top-level design of the gas balance area; study the relationship among the gas balance area, pipe network system balance model and capacity transac-tion;formulate the gas balance method,strengthen supervision,cooperation and legislation,and grad-ually establish the regional and the national gas balance area.

Aiming at the problem of comprehensive evaluation of gas injection scheme in underground gas storage,a comprehensive evaluation model based on improved AHP and entropy weight method is proposed to determine the number of gas injection wells,the depth of gas injection wells,gas injection capacity,system unit power consumption,unit efficiency and so on. The fuzzy membership function method was used to obtain the standard evaluation value of each index,and the total score of each scheme is calculated by linear weighting method,to determine the optimal gas injection program.Taking the gas storage of a depleted gas reservoir in China as an example,the gas injection scheme under the same gas injection condition is evaluated synthetically,to select the optimal gas storage gas injection scheme.The results consistent with field show that the combination of analytic hierarchy process and entropy method is subjective and objective,which makes the evaluation of gas injection scheme more objective,accurate and reliable and provides a reference for the determination of the optimal gas injection scheme for un-derground gas storage.

在宽/全方位三维地震速度建模过程中,需要考虑速度方位各向异性的影响.多方位网格层析成像技术可以利用介质的速度方位各向异性特征进行速度迭代,进而提高速度模型精度,其相应的偏移成像精度也更高,得到的地下信息更可靠.多方位网格层析成像技术是宽/全方位三维地震速度建模技术中比较实用的一项技术,它既可以考虑宽方位资料速度方位各向异性的影响,又可以在建模成本和进度上进行较好地控制.从应用该方法的效果看,速度模型的精度得到进一步提高,成像效果好,地下信息更符合实际地质情况.

In seismic data processing, residual correction still remains after static correction and normal moveout (NMO) of CMP gathers, which greatly affects stack imaging. Traditional algorithm of residual correction is based on the cross correlation algorithm for statistics. An amplitude absolute error algorithm for residual correction is designed in this paper and MATLAB progressing is applied to undertake simulation tests and seismic data proc-essing. Two algorithms are both effective and the amplitude absolute error algorithm is faster.

"两宽一高" (宽频带、宽方位、高密度)是高精度地震勘探一体化技术,从野外采集、数据处理到资料解释应有配套的方法理念和技术流程.阐述了"两宽一高"的基本定义和技术指标,通过理论记录与合成记录从分辨率、保真度、反演精度等方面说明该项技术的优势:适用于薄互层发育区的油藏描述、各向异性发育区的裂缝预测、深层目标勘探和特殊岩性体的勘探,也是改善复杂区构造成像的有效手段.3个地区的应用实例展示了"两宽一高"技术在复杂油气藏勘探评价和开发中的作用,即有效提升地震资料的品质,使之能够细致地描述复杂储层的形态和流体分布,提高信息的保真度.

文章介绍了干气密封的基本原理及结构,并通过干气密封在气分装置液化气泵上的应用分析、经验总结,阐述了当今炼油石化企业离心泵采用干气密封型式的重要性和优势所在.

近年来随着水平井技术的突破性进展,钻井综合成本的逐年下降以及经济效益的显著提高,水平井在不同油气藏开发中都得到了广泛的应用,目前砂西区块E31油藏仅开始水平井试验阶段.本文在充分论证砂西E31油藏水平井钻探适应性的前提下,通过2口已钻水平井的实例分析,认为油藏具有水平井开发提高单井产量及开发效果的潜力,进而对该区水平井设计原则及井眼轨迹控制方法进行了充分的论述,在部署水平井时要充分了解储层地质特征,从井位论证、设计到施工整个过程都要做好工程与地质的密切配合,及时掌握各类地质信息,综合分析、准确判断,确保地质钻探的成功.

数据量大、波场复杂、空间采样密度高是当今地震勘探采集数据的特点,为了设计适合于海量数据的室内处理架构,提高海量数据的处理效率,分析了海量数据处理中存在的质量控制难、常规流程与技术不能满足需求等问题,探索了海量数据条件下的快速分析和质量监控方法,实现了大数据的有效压缩.基于现阶段相关领域的技术水平,展望了在海量数据分析与处理中数据信息挖掘、数据可视化及信息融合等方面的发展趋势,以适应未来大数据体中多种信息的提取和价值的挖掘.

砂西E31油藏经过长期开发,油藏面临油水井数比高、采出程度低,单井自然产量低、递减快,开采效果差的突出问题.为了改善开发效果,提高难采储量动用程度,在充分论证油藏开发潜力的基础上,通过精细构造解释,储层特征研究、测井二次解释、剩余油分布研究,提出了井网加密调整、油井转注、油水井措施为一体的综合调整方案.经现场实施,取得了较好开发效果,预测最终采收率较标定采收率提高2.3个百分点.

The paper introduced the working principle and characteristics of dry gas seal,by dry gas seal with the previous single-end mechanical seal,discovered the advantages of dry gas seal technology.Combined with the actual production,the dry gas seal points should pay attention to the problem of LPG pump application in Gas fractionation unit were described in detail,after further analyzed has applied the economy and the security benefit which this technology brought.

In the paper,a new type of profile controlling agent is HPAM as based agent,adding crosslinking agents.In the conditions of simulated reservoir temperature of 110℃ and formation water salinity 85150mg/L,concentration of HPAM ranged from 1800 to 2000mg/L + volume fraction of LC cross-linking agent ranged 1% to 1.2% + concentration of oxygen scavenger 100mg/L.The gelation time is about three days.And the agent is good thermal stability,and good performance in anti-shear and anti-temperature..

Structural modeling is the foundation of 3-D geological modeling for lithological reservoir.Establishing an accurate stratigraphic framework is the fundamental guarantee for reservoir facies model and attribute model development.The complexity of structure makes the structural modeling for complex fault-block reservoir more difficult than for traditional lithological reservoir.Combined with the feature of complex fault-block reservoir and conventional process of 3-D geological modeling,this paper presents Point-Line-Surface-Geometry four-step structural modeling technique and detailed operation procedure.In view of Youshashan reservoir characteristics in Qaidam basin,the 3-D structural model is developed for this complex fault-block reservoir by using the four-step structural modeling technique.

There are some limitations when we apply conventional methods to analyze the massive amounts of seismic data acquired with high-density spatial sampling since processors usually obtain the properties of raw data from common shot gathers or other datasets located at certain points or along lines. We propose a novel method in this paper to observe seismic data on time slices from spatial subsets. The composition of a spatial subset and the unique character of orthogonal or oblique subsets are described and pre-stack subsets are shown by 3D visualization. In seismic data processing, spatial subsets can be used for the following aspects: (1) to check the trace distribution uniformity and regularity; (2) to observe the main features of ground-roll and linear noise; (3) to find abnormal traces from slices of datasets; and (4) to QC the results of pre-stack noise attenuation. The field data application shows that seismic data analysis in spatial subsets is an effective method that may lead to a better discrimination among various wavefields and help us obtain more information.

Acquisition of high density spatial sampling is conducted to meet the need of lithorlogy exploration in SN area of west China.Seismic data acquired with high density sampling are contaminated by various noises,and are of very poor S/N ratio because of complicated surface conditions and single point receiving system used.According to the characters of high density seismic data from SN area,many methods were utilized to analyze noises in raw data,and a set of measures were adopt to reduce noises before stack.Applications in field data show that the noise analysis and attenuation is especially effective in the target area.