This paper examines the enrichment conditions of deep natural gas reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin and delineates the exploration potential utilizing seismic, geological, geochemical, well-logging, and drilling data. The findings indicate the presence of two high-quality gas source formations, namely the Jurassic and Paleogene formations, along the northern margin and the western part of the basin, respectively. The formations both exhibit advanced evolution and robust gas-generating capacity. The deep layers along the northern margin consist of bedrocks and Paleogene clastic reservoirs, while the western deep layers feature Paleogene lacustrine carbonate reservoirs. The reservoirs west of Qaidam Basin are widely distributed on the plane and vertically form multiple reservoir cap combinations. The primary pores, dissolution pores, fractures, and other pore types developed in the reservoirs are considered as the storage space for deep gas accumulation. The continuous active deep faults serve as high-quality channels for deep gas sources; furthermore, the formation of deep structures is well-matched with natural gas generation. The deep hydrocarbon source rocks in the western Qaidam Basin are characterized by early and continuous hydrocarbon generation. Early-generated liquid hydrocarbons undergo high-temperature cracking into gas during later burial, resulting in a robust gas-generating capacity and significant potential for deep resources. The widely developed salt rocks, argillaceous rock, and abnormally high-pressure layers in the deep Qaidam Basin contribute to preserving deep natural gas. In conclusion, it is believed that deep gas reservoirs in the Qaidam Basin are enriched in the traps around hydrocarbon-generating sags with developed faults. Key favorable areas for deep-seated natural gas exploration include the basement rocks of the ancient piedmont uplift in the northern margin of Qaidam, the Paleogene clastic rocks in the central structural belt, and the carbonate rocks along the Yingxiongling structural belt in the western part of the basin.

为明确英雄岭构造带油气成藏条件、探究油气勘探领域及勘探方向,利用钻井油气显示、有机地球化学、铸体薄片鉴定、实验测试、地球物理、试油气等资料,开展英雄岭构造油气成藏条件分析与有利勘探区带预测.结果表明:油气成藏条件上,明确发育多套烃源岩,主要烃源岩分布在古近系下干柴沟组上段、新近系上干柴沟组;存在碎屑岩、湖相碳酸盐岩和混积岩3类油气储集体;形成源储一体型、上生下储型、下生上储型3种源-储组合关系;英雄岭构造带具有烃源岩条件优越、油气资源基础好,储层类型多样、储集性能优越,晚期构造活动与油气生排烃期匹配性好、油气持续充注条件优越等有利的油气成藏条件.有利勘探区带及领域上,提出古近系碎屑岩(三角洲前缘砂体)勘探方向在构造带的花土沟-红柳泉、油砂山-尕斯等地区,碳酸盐岩勘探方向在构造带的英西-游园沟和尕斯-跃进等地区;新近系碎屑岩(滨浅湖滩坝砂)勘探方向在构造带的狮子沟-花土沟-游园沟-油砂山-英东及其以西地区,碳酸盐岩(藻灰岩、混积岩及灰云岩)勘探方向在构造带东侧的油泉子-开特-黄瓜峁等地区.该研究成果表明英雄岭构造带具有多层系、多类型的立体勘探特征,是发现大型油气田的有利勘探区带.

柴达木盆地为一高原咸化湖盆,渐新世早期沉积了复杂的碳酸盐岩.砂西地区下干柴沟组岩性包括砂屑灰/云岩、藻灰/云岩、泥晶灰/云岩、泥灰岩、灰质砂岩等.常规测井能较好地区分纯碳酸盐岩,但对于混积型的碳酸盐岩识别难度较大.基于岩心刻度成像测井,建立了6种成像测井模式:高阻亮色块状模式、中高阻橙色块状模式、暗色块状模式、黄白相间正弦曲线模式、亮色-明暗相间正弦曲线模式、橙色-明暗相间正弦曲线模式.这6种模式对有效识别下干柴沟组地层岩性有很强的指导作用.

中国石油海外油气业务经历了基础发展、快速发展和规模发展之后,面对断崖式下跌的国际油价和更加动荡的资源国投资环境,积累的深层次矛盾逐步显现,亟待转变发展理念,创新发展模式,实现从注重规模有效发展向注重优质高效发展的转变.为此,基于对过去20多年走出去发展经验和教训的总结,构建了一套境外油气项目经济评价管理支持体系,形成了自我定位、自我诊断、自我剖析、自我修正的有机联动机制,为国有企业提高国际化创效能力和经营效率奠定了坚实基础.这套管理体系基于全覆盖的境外油气项目经济评价模型,通过有效区分“运动员”、“教练员”、“裁判员”的职能分工,对项目发展全周期进行评价,实现了强化前期评价降风险,深化过程管理提效益,重视事后评价促提高,有效服务了中国石油海外油气业务现代企业制度建立、管理理念转型、低成本发展和精细化管理,切实提高了国际化经营水平和管理能力,并成为海外油气业务创建科学化企业管理体系的核心模块.

The correlation coefficient and the envelope area of porosity logging and resistivity logging are very sensitive to response characteristics of the reservoir.Relative to water,the correlation coefficient of oil layer signifi-cantly increases,the envelope area also increases significantly.Using the reverse variation characteristics of the correlation coefficient and the envelope area,after reasonable scaling in the same curve way, the normalization of the correlation coefficient and the envelope area,can form clear image of envelope curve.By computing the correla-tion coefficient and the envelope area,combining with test data,the quantitative relationship chart identifing oil and water layer can be received.The method is used in mudstone reservoir of Y Oilfield,and receives a good effect.It widens the wags of using logging data to identify oil layers.

The tight oil reservoirs in western Qaidam Basin are characterized by complicated inner structure and strong reservoir heterogeneity. In order to develop the tight oil more efficiently, the characteristics of tight oil reservoirs of upper Ganchaigou Formation in Zhahaquan area were studied through observation of thin sections, XRD, SEM and CT scan. The results show that: the upper Ganchaigou Formation is a typical tight reservoir, which mainly consists of siltstone-fine sandstone with high interstitial material. Primary porosity and micron-size pore are the most important reservoir space, and the average porosity of effective reservoir is 5. 9％, average permeability is0. 43 m D. The pore throat radius varies from nano-size to micron-size, the micron-size pore shows sheet distribution with good connectivity, while the nano-size pore shows isolated distribution. The property of the reservoir is mainly controlled by deposition and diagenesis. The bar sand is with high sand content, high purity and good physicalproperty. Compaction and carbonate cementation are the major factors that reduced the reservoir quality, while the anhydrite cementation has dual influences. The reservoir quality was improved significantly by dissolution during the late diagenetic period. Effective reservoir of tight oil can be classified into three types, of which the Class Ⅰ is"sweet spot"of the studied area, with best reservoir conditions and industrial oil flow can be obtained in the conventional oil test. Class II and III reservoirs are with poor reservoir conditions, which need fracturing to get industrial oil flow.

对柴西地区渐新统膏盐岩的形成环境、成因及分布规律认识不清,制约了油气勘探进展.利用沉积岩石学和地球化学等方法,研究膏盐岩岩石类型及特征、沉积时期水体性质、时空分布特征及发育模式.结果表明:柴西地区渐新统下干柴沟组上段膏盐岩以层状石盐为主,其次为石膏岩和少许钙芒硝及芒硝,膏盐晶体自形程度高,为原生沉积作用形成;膏盐岩主要发育于水退浓缩沉积序列的晚期,古水体环境具有半咸化-咸化、还原、深水和低温等特征,表明湖水蒸发浓缩过饱和结晶是膏盐岩的形成机制.膏盐岩纵向分布受控于湖平面升降,发育6个集中成盐期;平面分布受控于湖底沉积古地貌,呈局限环带状分布且存在多个次级聚盐中心.根据柴西地区渐新统湖盆古水体的演化阶段,将膏盐岩发育模式分为咸化阶段晚期和广盐湖期2种.早期膏盐岩的平面分布相对局限,主要形成于洼陷区;晚期拓展至低隆起区,分布广泛.

当前低油价下,海外油气项目经济评价的资源国投资环境、财税制度、合同模式等都发生了深刻变化,正确识别项目的风险因素,并采用量化的分析方法,对于海外项目合理规避风险、提高投资决策的科学性具有重要作用.分析了海外勘探开发项目的风险因素及概率分布特征,论述了海外勘探开发项目的风险量化分析方法.通过量化风险,可以为决策者提供更为全面的决策参考,从而为科学合理决策、有效规避风险提供可靠的依据.

国际油价持续低位运行给石油企业带来严峻挑战,各石油企业能否找到符合自身特点的应对措施,直接关系着企业的生存和发展.非洲某国H石油联合作业公司通过“开源、节流、止损”三大降本增效措施应对低油价,取得了超预期的成果,实现了公司“保生存”的目标.该公司的成功经验和具体做法,对于其他石油企业尤其是海外联合作业公司具有一定的借鉴意义.

国内外油气企业统计制度和方法存在的差异,导致我国石油公司在国际油气合作过程中遇到一系列问题,主要体现在:合同模式多样性影响统计数据的代表性,核算时间不一致影响统计数据的真实性,核算标准差异影响统计数据的一致性,管控模式复杂影响统计数据的严谨性.开展“三新”(新产业、新业态、新商业模式)统计是现代企业适应产业模式升级和创新发展的需要,国有石油公司在开展国际油气合作的过程中应从完善统计核算体系、优化统计核算指标、加大现代信息技术应用三个方面推进统计工作改革,构建拥有“四种能力”的统计核算体系.

石油企业面临的海外投资环境极其复杂,不确定性极大,特别是近年来国际油价持续低位运行,海外开展业务的难度不断加大.为有效应对复杂环境,提高海外项目战略研究水平和项目经营的科学决策能力,中国石油天然气勘探开发公司整合内外部资源,做好顶层设计,构建闭环的“4步”战略研究体系,开展战略指导下的全覆盖经营策略研究,从而有效提升了海外投资战略与经营策略研究水平,大幅提升了海外业务应对低油价、管控风险的能力.

长庆油田公司第二采油厂南梁作业区(简称南梁作业区)成立于1998年,目前共有油井391口,注水井162口;作业区下设8个井区(队),管辖计量转油站10座,注水站4座,增压点3座,维修大班8组.现有员工315人,年生产原油22.2万吨,是长庆油田公司第二采油厂原油增储上产的主力单位.

近年来随着水平井技术的突破性进展,钻井综合成本的逐年下降以及经济效益的显著提高,水平井在不同油气藏开发中都得到了广泛的应用,目前砂西区块E31油藏仅开始水平井试验阶段.本文在充分论证砂西E31油藏水平井钻探适应性的前提下,通过2口已钻水平井的实例分析,认为油藏具有水平井开发提高单井产量及开发效果的潜力,进而对该区水平井设计原则及井眼轨迹控制方法进行了充分的论述,在部署水平井时要充分了解储层地质特征,从井位论证、设计到施工整个过程都要做好工程与地质的密切配合,及时掌握各类地质信息,综合分析、准确判断,确保地质钻探的成功.

实时对喷油泵进行保养并正确使用不仅可以让喷油泵在施工期间正常工作,还可延长它的使用寿命,从这两点上看,就大大减少了客户的成本。本文是对喷油泵如何正确使用和进行日常维护保养等方面来论述。

The beach bar sand reservoir which locates in Dongying depression,with low porosity and low permeability,is much complex.Hydraulic fracturing is an effective way to increase production.In the process of fracturing,fracturing fluid may damage reservoir.this paper test the sensitivity of the natural cores which collected from reservoir and analysis the extent of reservoir damage to achieve the beach sand dam reservoir geological characteristics in Dongying depression,in order to provide a reference for optimizing fracturing fluid system,so we can reduce or avoid geological damage appears.By testing permeability changes of the artificial and natural cores,which caused by fluid damages,we seek the feasibility that choose artificial cores to test the extent of beach bar sand reservoir damage instead of natural ones.

<正>2012年5月16日,壳牌加拿大有限公司、中国石油天然气股份有限公司(以下简称"中国石油")、韩国天然气公社和日本三菱公司四方联合宣布将在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省凯提马特(Kitimat)共建液化天然气(LNG)厂,并各自铺设从已获得权益的天然气田到该厂的输送管

Based on the reservoir and hydrocarbon pool characteristics from Lower Ganchaigou Formation to the Upper Youshashan Formation of carbonate hydrocarbon pool in Nanyishan, comparing with lacustrine clasolite hydrocarbon pool, we found there are differences in source, reservoir, cap, source-reservoir-cap assemblage, trap type, type of oil and gas pools, and relation of all the above in Nanyishan lacustrine carbonate oil and gas pools as follows: (1)Nanshishan structure located in the hydrocarbon-generation kitchen, with numbers of source rocks, and hydrocarbon can be captured from the nearby area. The oil source came from Xiaoliangshan Sag, on the southwest of Nanyihshan. Crude oil in E3 2 in the deep was from the source rock in E3 2, while N2 was from N1. (2)Four hydrocarbon-bearing series in Nanyishan can be grouped into two types. One is a layered lithologic reservoir controlled by the structure in middle-shallow layer. Lithology of the reservoir is micrite limestone or dolomite, algal limestone or dolomite and grain limestone or dolomite. Intergranular pores and solution pores are storage space. The other was a condensate gas pool in the upper E32, taking marlstone or argillaceous dolomite as reservoir and pore-fissure as storage space. (3)The Nanyishan carbonate reservoir and mudstone formed source-reservoir-cap assemblage frequently interbedded in vertical. (4)Nanyishan pool in N2 2 had characteristics such as thin reservoir and low permeability. It had elastic drive and solution gas drive as main drive type. Layered lithologic reservoir is controlled by anticline structure. While gas layer of the middle deep condensate gas pool was concentrated in vertical and dominated by the structure and fracture in plane. The productivity capacity was quite different due to fissure storage space. (5)There are three main controlling factors on the formation of Nanyishan pool: Firstly, Nanshishan Structure located in the hydrocarbon-generation kitchen. Hydrocarbon can be captured in the nearby area. Secondly, the fracture and fracture system contributed to the translocating system. Finally, the lacustrine carbonate reservoir played aa key role in the formation of oil and gas pools. (6)Nanyishan structure developed slowly before Pliocene, and the development peak was in Early-Middle Pliocene, but then it stopped . The Lower Ganchaigou Formaion had hydrocarbon generation peak in Early-Middle Pliocene and it formed an authigenic reservoir. The Upper Ganchaigou Formation came into oil generation peak from late Pliocene to Quaternary, and along the northern and southern wing in the structure oil and gas migrated into N1, N2 1, N2 2 and the reservoirs formed finally.

冷却塔作为工业给水的唯一节水设备,填料的改进在其发展过程中起着举足轻重的作用.从填料的发展演变及填料技术发展过程中存在的问题等方面进行阐述.结合现场经验以及填料的实际使用效果提出了改进设想.