开展高光谱遥感影像的阴影检测研究有助于去除阴影,并进一步发挥其高光谱分辨率优势.以多角度高光谱影像PROBA/CHRIS为数据源,尝试从增大明亮区植被、阴影区植被、水体区3种典型地物间光谱的差异入手,利用连续投影算法(successive projection algorithm,SPA)选取特征波段,并分析典型地物在CHRIS影像原始波段及归一化差值植被指数上的光谱特征,由此构建该影像的归一化阴影植被指数(normalized shaded vegetation index,NS-VI).基于步长法设置合理阈值,对影像予以分类,并从分类精度及光谱差异增强效果两个角度评价NSVI对CHRIS影像阴影的检测能力.结果表明:B9和B15可作为构建CHRIS影像NSVI的特征波段;基于NSVI阈值法对CHRIS多角度影像予以分类,各角度影像3种地物的分类精度均在94％以上,总Kappa均大于0.89,0°影像的分类效果最佳;经掩模获取分类后3种地物的子影像,子影像光谱均值有差异,但考虑标准差后则发现其光谱重叠现象较为明显,表明NSVI可增强典型地物间的光谱差异,提高了光谱混淆像元间的可分性.通过进一步比较NS-VI与归一化阴影指数和阴影指数的阴影检测效果,亦证明了NSVI的阴影检测能力,说明所构建的NSVI能够应用于PROBA/CHRIS高光谱影像的阴影检测,可为该影像的阴影去除及阴影信息修复等工作提供重要支持.

以多时相Landsat系列遥感影像为数据源,通过选取最优波段组合,采用监督分类方法提取城乡建设用地.综合运用景观格局指数、城乡建设用地扩展测度指数法、象限方位分析法以及GIS空间分析法,从景观格局演化、时空规模动态、空间分异特征以及扩展模式更替4个层面揭示就地城镇化下晋江市城乡建设用地时空演变规律.研究结果表明:1)1996--2016年晋江市城乡建设用地在景观中的优势度逐渐显现,内在连通性不断提高,边界形态逐渐规则化,空间上呈现出聚集连片的发展趋势;2)1996-2016年晋江市城乡建设用地规模不断增加,扩展速度和扩展强度不断提高;3)晋江市城乡建设用地扩展主要以北、东北和正南方位扩展为主,其扩展速度分别处于高速扩展和快速扩展;4)晋江市城乡建设用地增长方式以边缘式扩展为主,填充式和飞地式扩展为辅,但边缘式扩展规模呈现下降趋势,填充式扩展规模则表现出上升趋势,城乡建设用地利用更趋于集中化.

本研究以福建省永泰县同安镇西安、红阳、三捷3个村片区为例,用生态系统服务价值进行定量分析,探讨福州南方丘陵地区高标准农田建设对耕地生态系统服务价值的影响.结果表明:(1)研究区高标准农田建设后生态系统服务价值有所降低,从建设前的1122.62×103元,减少到建设后的1112.96×103元,减少了9.66×103元,主要由于坑塘水面转变为水田,水域部分的生态系统服务价值大幅下降.(2)高标准农田建设建议维持水域原状,合理规划交通运输用地.可以根据实际情况适当增加水域面积或者适当控制农村道路用地规模来增加耕地生态系统服务价值.(3)在建设改造沟渠和田坎时可以融入生态设计的理念,改变沟渠和田坎生态系统服务价值计算时的属性,增加沟渠和田坎的生态系统服务价值.

Urban spatial expansion is one of the important indexes that measures the progress of urbanization in the context of new urbanization,and is also of great significance to research on sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities.Firstly,with advanced remote sensing and GIS technologies,the area of building lands in Huaibei in 1992,1997,2002,2007,2011 and 2016 was extracted by using remote-sensing index-based built-up index (IBI).During the extraction,the data source was multi-temporal Landsat series remote-sensing images.Assistance was provided to Matlab to complete the delimitation and automatic extraction of boundaries of built-up areas (BUAs) in Huaibei.In the research region,the building area increased by 116.55 km2 (by 8.54 times) from 13.64 km2 to 130.19 km2 throughout the study period.Furthermore,spatial and temporal characteristic measurement indexes,such as intensity of urbanization,elastic coefficient of expansion,focuses and compactness index,were selected to reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of building lands in the study area in recent 25 years.The results indicate that the overall intensity of urbanization is moderate,and the intensity of urban expansion is high in the research period;elastic coefficient of expansion indicates that urban land utilization is not highly intensive in the region under research,and man-land relationships develop uncoordinatedly;with respect to changes in BUAs in the research period,the focuses are mainly in the east and relatively concentrated;with the acceleration of reform and opening up and the planning and establishment of economic and technological development zones,compactness of land utilization is gradually decreased in BUAs.Finally,driving and influencing factors of urban spatial expansion were further analyzed from perspectives of economic development,population,policy planning,means of transportation and mining collapse.The results indicate that economy and population,government decision-making (planning),level of transportation and mining collapse zones are driving,guiding,endogenous and restriction mechanisms of urban spatial expansion in Huaibei respectively.

基于多时相Landsat遥感影像数据,针对建筑物的光谱特征,采用建筑用地指数(index-based build-up index,IBI)分别提取淮北市中心城区2003年、2009年和2016年建筑用地,在此基础上,根据城镇与农村建设用地差异,利用M atlab连通区域算法提取各研究年份的城市建成区.结合城市扩张强度以及紧凑度指标,定量研究淮北市城市扩展的规模、方向和形态特征.结果表明:在2003～2016年间建成区面积净增57.83 km2,净增面积是2003年的105.4％;城市建成区扩展方向基本沿"东延、西进、南扩"的战略格局发展;通过拆解建成区分析可知,中心区扩展形态趋于紧凑,以填充型扩展为主,而外围区扩展形态趋向非紧凑,以外延型扩展为主.同时,淮北市的地理环境、政府宏观政策导向、经济因素及道路交通的发展都决定着城市扩展的速度和方向,是城市扩展的主要驱动力.

Urban growth boundary(s) (UGB(s)) is one of the important technologies and policy tools for urban spatial growth management.Currently,the research on the delineation of UGB(s) of resource-exhausted cities is little,lacking of unified and mature scientific delineation method.The urban ecological suitability assessment of Huaibei city was evaluated in this paper.Based on Standard for Urban Land Use Evaluation (CJJ132-2009) and the principles of system,dominance and operability,natural and human factors were selected according to features of resource-exhausted cities.Based on intemal expansion motivation of city,and from the viewpoint of land use change probability,Logistic regression CA model was set up by introducing eight spatial variables.Then,urban growth boundary was defined reasonably by integrating recent construction plans,development direction,and natural and administrative boundaries.The results showed that the land size would be gradually increase under high,medium and low three levels,which were 127.90 km2,203.77 km2,590.00 km2,respectively.Based on the cellular automata simulation result,the effective area of urban expanding land would be 203.45 km2,occupying 22.07％ of the study area.Eventually,the area in the UGB(s) covered 259.43 km2,accounting for 28.15％ of the study area.This method not only clearly delineated the scope of regional ecological resources protection,but also clarified the urban space development direction.It can not only protect the ecological space but also guide the urban space development,which is an important way to achieve urban transformation and smart growth of resource-exhausted cities.

为提高教学质量而进行教学改革是适应当前高等教育培养专业复合型人才的必然要求.基于区域分析与规划实践教学,采用“课下新媒体自学”“课堂互动讨论”“以赛代训”和“科研训练项目”等四位一体的“参与式”教学模式,力求探寻并建立人文地理与城乡规划专业复合型人才培养方法体系.

加强实践应用技能,培养复合型创新创业人才是高等教育发展的最终目标,本文基于区域分析与规划课程的实践教学,阐释"以赛带训"教学模式的内涵及总结"以赛带训"实践成效,探寻适合地理学和规划类专业的教育教学的新模式.

人文地理与城乡规划专业是一个学科交叉融合的地理学新更名专业,其专业内涵建设目前处于探索之中.本文以福州大学人文地理与城乡规划专业为案例,梳理和明晰专业建设任务,积极探索学科交叉融合的专业建设的有效措施,努力形成人文地理与城乡规划专业创新创业人才培养的福州大学实践模式.

基于福州大学《区域分析与区域规划》课程特点和存在问题,本文重点探讨了建设该课程为精品资源共享课的内容与方法路径,可以从模块化教学组织课程内容与结构等6个方面推进该课程的建设.本文对福州大学人文地理与城乡规划专业人才培养和课程团队建设具有重要意义,对国内高校该课程建设具有重要的参考价值.

从城市轨道交通对周边房地产价格影响的研究对象、影响因素、研究方法、研究结果4个方面展开叙述,在归纳总结国内外研究进展的基础上,结合模型法、GIS分析技术及回归分析等研究方法,分析了城市轨道交通对周边房地产价格影响在时效性、可达性及轨道交通路线布局等方面的研究进展,结果表明轨道交通对房地产价格的影响受多重因素的综合作用,且因城市的自身发展不同而各有差异,研究结果具有针对性.最后结合香港轨道交通的成功运营模式,给处于大力发展轨道交通的中国城市一些参考与借鉴.

Combining with GIS technology, the study analyzes the data of Fuzhou house prices by geostatistical analysis model of ArcGIS, including trend surface analysis, spatial autocorrelation analy-sis and interpolation analysis to draw spatial distribution contour maps of housing prices in the city. The research indicates that the dates are normally distributed, and there is a significant spatial correla-tion between sample points. The price counter decreased by the peak value area to all sides, which decrease in consistently from the center. The decline rate of city center is quicker than periphery, which indicates variations. Analysis found that location, traffic conditions, urban development and planning and living environment are major factors affecting housing prices.

Using remote sensing methods to assess regional ecological change can achieve a long cycle and immediate results. The authors employed remote sensing eco index ( RSEI) method to monitor the erosion of the ecological changes, with Changning City as the study area. 1990, 2002 and 2009 Landsat TM remote sensing images were chosen as data sources, from which 4 ecological factors were extracted, i. e. , green degree, humidity degree, heat degree and dry degree, as indicators of evaluation model. Combined with principal component analysis, the authors quantitatively and objectively assessed regional ecological changes in the past 20 years. The results show that remote sensing Eco Index ( RSEI) method seems to be a good method for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration in soil erosion area. It is proved that RSEI eco - index value increased by 22. 39%;nevertheless , excellent level of eco-area ratio decreased from 13 . 086% in 1990 to 4 . 006% in 2002 and then rose to 16 . 699% in 2009 , which indicates that the ecological quality of this region has been greatly improved after 20 years' soil erosion control. Through the investigation and analysis of Changning City, the authors have found that main prevention measures, such as afforestation and construction, have exerted greater effects on the improvement of the ecological quality.

以福建省宁德市蕉城区2010年土地利用现状图和2020的土地利用规划图作为基础数据,提取了该区各个行政区的城乡建设用地信息.运用景观格局分析理论,选取五种景观指数,其中采用了一个新型的景观扩张指数,用以表征城乡建设用地动态变化过程.结果表明,蕉城区在规划期间城乡建设用地将大量扩张,面积将增加71.4％;其中面积增加最多的是潭湾镇,达到1157.45 hm2;而该地区城乡建设用地分形维数从2010年的1.349变为2020年的1.319,稳定性指数从0.153增加到0.1822;这就说明该地区在人为规划因素影响下,其斑块变得越来越规则,结构也趋于稳定,其中以七都镇最为突出,稳定性指数增加77.0％,达到0.223;另外通过计算景观扩张指数,得出该区86％的扩张斑块为邻接式扩张,14％的扩张斑块为外部式扩张,比较突出的是飞鸾镇和三都镇,它们外部式扩张的斑块数超过10个.

以2006年和2009年两期遥感影像为信息源,基于GIS和RS,对长乐市进行土地利用变化的生态风险研究,利用景观干扰度指数和景观脆弱度指数,构建生态风险指数.运用网格模型,采用普通克里格法对生态风险指数进行插值,编制长乐市生态风险空间分布图,对插值结果图进行归一化等级划分,揭示生态风险时空演变特征,并借助地统计学中的空间自相关方法对生态风险度进行粒度效应分析与空间自相关分析.结果表明,长乐市生态风险等级高的区域面积在增长,等级低的区域在不断减少,生态风险的空间分布具有层次性和区域性,且存在一定的空间正相关关系,随着空间粒度增大,呈下降的趋势.

As the main part of agricultrual hydraulic engineering in land consolidation,the ecological function evaluation of cul-tivated land ditches is significant to land consolidation. Basic farmland in Baisha town of Xiaochang County of Hubei Province was selected as the study area and the ditches corridors was classified into two kinds: ecological functional and non-ecological functional ditches. Through applying landscape pattern analysis method,landscape index of seven types of ditches were calculated. The results indicated that there was great difference between adopting two analysis methods in ditches of study area,further-more,after excluding non-ecological ditches,ten ditch islands were formed in this area,which affected the animals’ migration,living and biological shield which were dependent on ditches system.