目的 观察褪黑素腹腔注射对急性脑梗死大鼠神经细胞损伤凋亡的改善作用,并探讨其机制.方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、褪黑素低剂量组、褪黑素中剂量组、褪黑素高剂量组、阳性对照组,每组10只.除假手术组外,其他5组建立急性脑梗死模型.造模成功后开始给药,褪黑素低剂量组、褪黑素中剂量组、褪黑素高剂量组分别给予褪黑素5、10、15 mg/kg,假手术组与模型组给予相同体积的生理盐水,阳性对照组给予尼莫地平15 mg/kg.给药方式均为腹腔注射,每日1次,共给药7 d.给药结束后24 h,采用Longa生物学评分法评估大鼠神经功能缺损情况,然后采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中氧化还原指标丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及炎性因子TNF-ɑ、IL-6、IL-1β.处死大鼠后分离脑组织,采用HE染色法观察各组脑组织病理学变化,采用TUNEL法检测大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡情况.采用Western Blotting法检测各组大鼠脑组织中Notch1/Hes1信号通路相关蛋白Notch1、Hes1.结果 假手术组、模型组、褪黑素低剂量组、褪黑素中剂量组、褪黑素高剂量组、阳性对照组大鼠神经功能缺损评分分别为0、(3.91±0.63)、(3.23±0.52)、(2.67±0.45)、(1.84±0.47)、(1.66±0.43)分,其中褪黑素高剂量组大鼠神经功能缺损评分与阳性对照组相比,P>0.05,其余组间相比,P均<0.05.褪黑素高剂量组血清MDA、SOD、TNF-ɑ、IL-6、IL-1β水平与阳性对照组相比,P均>0.05;其余各组大鼠血清MDA、SOD、TNF-ɑ、IL-6、IL-1β水平组间相比,P均<0.05.与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠脑组织神经细胞受损严重,细胞分布稀疏凌乱,细胞空泡化严重,细胞核溶解现象严重;与模型组相比,褪黑素低剂量组、褪黑素中剂量组、褪黑素高剂量组、阳性对照组细胞病变现象减轻,褪黑素低剂量组与褪黑素中剂量组中少数细胞空泡化,细胞核溶解固缩现象减少,褪黑素高剂量组以及阳性对照组未见细胞核溶解固缩现象,细胞分布均匀整齐.假手术组、模型组、褪黑素低剂量组、褪黑素中剂量组、褪黑素高剂量组、阳性对照组大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡率分别为4.02％±0.67％、48.18％±5.23％、32.26％±3.24％、25.28％±2.63％、12.82％±1.56％、12.54％±1.23％,其中褪黑素高剂量组大鼠脑组织神经细胞凋亡率与阳性对照组相比,P>0.05,其余组间相比,P均<0.05.褪黑素高剂量组大鼠脑组织中Notch1、Hes1蛋白相对表达量与阳性对照组相比,P均>0.05;其余各组大鼠脑组织中Notch1、Hes1蛋白相对表达量组间相比,P均<0.05.结论 高剂量(15 mg/kg)褪黑素腹腔注射可改善急性脑梗死大鼠的神经细胞损伤凋亡情况,褪黑素改善神经细胞损伤凋亡的机制可能与下调Notch1/Hes1信号通路相关蛋白Notch1、Hes1的表达有关.

目的 探讨慢性睡眠剥夺(CSD)对大鼠空间学习记忆和海马体齿状回区(DG)去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平及其受体表达的影响,初步阐明CSD影响空间学习记忆能力的神经化学机制.方法 将大鼠设为CSD组及对照组(每组8只),应用睡眠剥夺仪进行睡眠剥夺(18 h/d,连续21 d).Morris水迷宫检测2组大鼠行为能力的改变情况.脑部微量透析法和高效液相色谱法检测DG区去甲肾上腺素(NE)水平,α1和β肾上腺素能受体(α1-AR和β-AR)表达应用免疫组织化学染色法检测.结果 CSD组大鼠第2、3d游到平台所用时间为(75.76±17.15)和(37.60±4.80)s,均高于对照组;第5天穿越原站台区域回数比较,CSD组[(3.25±1.25)次]与对照组[(8.00±1.82)次]比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);第2～4天CSD组大鼠DG区内NE水平分别为(285.82±75.56)％、(409.10±134.91)％、(503.27± 185.87)％,对照组分别为(601.41±36.96)％、(1 235.71±132.11)％、(1 085.41±188.21)％,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);α1-AR和β-AR表达评分在对照组分别为4.66±0.28和5.00±0.33,在CSD组大鼠分别为2.50±0.45和2.75±0.43,2组α1-AR和β-AR表达评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 CSD可损害大鼠空间学习和记乙能力,可能与海马体DG区NE水平降低及其受体表达减少有关.

目的 探究杏芎氯化钠注射液联合阿替普酶治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效.方法 选取2018年4月-2020年10月河北工程大学附属医院收治的急性脑梗死患者165例作为研究对象,根据治疗方法将患者分为对照组(82例)和观察组(83例).对照组给予注射用阿替普酶,0.9 mg/ (kg·d),总量的10％采用静脉推注给药,其余90％给予静脉滴注,60 min内滴注完毕.观察组在对照组基础上静脉滴注杏芎氯化钠注射液100 mL,1次/d.两组均连续治疗2周.观察两组患者的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后的美国国立卫生院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、脑血流灌注、血液流变学指标、血清学指标及药物安全性.结果 治疗后,观察组总有效率为95.18％,显著高于对照组的82.93％ (P＜0.05).治疗后,两组NIHSS评分均较治疗前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组NIHSS评分显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后,两组脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)较治疗前显著升高,平均通过时间(MTT)、峰值时间(TTP)较治疗前降低(P＜0.05);且观察组脑血流灌注情况显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后,两组血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞压积均较治疗前降低(P＜0.05),且治疗后,观察组血液流变学指标显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后,两组血清和肽素(CPP)、CXC趋化因子配体12 (CXCL12)、血管细胞间黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)水平均较治疗前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组CPP、CXCL12、VCAM-l、ICAM-1水平低于对照组(P＜0.05).两组安全性比较差异无统计学意义.结论 杏芎氯化钠注射液联合阿替普酶治疗急性脑梗死效果较好,可减轻神经功能缺损,降低机体血液黏度,增加缺血区脑血流灌注量,有较好的临床应用价值.

Objective:To compare the effects of Fried and Baked Diyutan (Radix Sanguisorbae) on the bleeding time and clotting time in mice,and to provide better carbonizing method for further studying the blood-stopping mechanism of Diyutan (Radix Sanguisorbae).Methods:Totally 100 mice (half were female and half were male) were randomized into blank control group,positive control group,Diyu group,Fried Diyutan group and baked Diyutan group,20 cases in each group.Blank control group were given gavage with normal saline;positive control group were given gavage with Yunnan Baiyao (0.667g · kg-1);Diyu group were given gavage with Diyu Decoction (4.000 g · kg-1);fried Diyutan group were given gavage with Fried Diyutan Decoction (4.000 g ·kg-1);baked Diyutan group were given gavage with Baked Diyutan Decoction (4.000 g · kg-1).The tail-cutting method and slide method were applied to determine the effects of Diyu,fried Diyu and baked Diyutan on the bleeding time and clotting time in the mice.Results:Compared with normal saline group,the other three groups can shorten the clotting time and bleeding time of the mice;the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with Diyu group,baked Diyutan group can shorten the the dotting time and bleeding time of the mice;the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05),but fried Diyutan group were not obvious,without statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with fried Diyutan group,baked Diyutan group can shorten the the clotting time and bleeding time of the mice;the difference had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Diyu,fried Diyutan and baked Diyutan have certain blood-stopping effect.Difference processing methods of Diyutan will influence the bloodstopping action,and baked Diyutan has better blood-stopping action than fried Diyutan.

Objective To compare the hemostasis effect of Sanguisorbae Radix (SR) and charred Sanguisorbae Radix (CSR) before and after baking.Methods Totally 60 Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups:control group,Yunnan Baiyao (positive drug group,0.667 g/kg),SR high and low dose (8,2 gcrude drug/kg) group,and CSR high and low dose (8,2 gcrude drug/kg) group.Mice were continuously ig with relatively drug once a day for 3 d.The bleeding time and clotting time were tested 1 h after the last administration,the prothrombin time (PT),thrombin time (TT),and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected by blood coagulation analyzer,and the number of platelet was count.Results Compared with control group,SR of high dose,and CSR of high and low doses can obviously shorten the bleeding time,clotting time,PT,TT,and APTT.SR of high and low doses and CSR of high dose can elevate the blood platelets count.Compared with SR high dose group,CSR of high dose can obviously shorten the PT,TT,bleeding time,and clotting time,but could not be statistically significant on the blood platelets count and APTT.Conclusion SR and CSR have different hemostasis mechanisms,the function of hemostasis was more effective after charcoal by baking.

目的:探讨无精症精液脱落细胞形态特征.方法:观察分析89例无精症患者的精液其生精细胞的形态种类,分析其检查结果.结果:89例无精症的精液中,25例有生精细胞.其中17例主要是精子细胞占68％,5例是次级精母细胞占20％,2例是初级精母细胞占8％,1例精原细占4％胞.结论:观察精液生精细胞的形态及分类,对非梗阻性无精症的诊断有价值,建议临床常规开展精液的脱落细胞检查.

目的:通过对三家系 Gardner 综合征患者十余年的追踪观察,了解该病的动态变化,及不同家系临床表现的差异.方法:对三家系成员采用咨询、查体和多种物理检查方法进行观察.结果:三家系共有患者17人,观察期间死亡5例.死于结肠息肉癌变4例,死于心脏病1例.三联症10例,二联症7例.结论:Gardner 综合征不同家族其临床表现差别较大,在发病年龄、死亡年龄出现软组织肿瘤、骨瘤的时间均有差别.

Objective To study idiopathic eosinophilia especially those with high level eosinophils of their manifestation in clinic and in lab test.Methods Clinical analysis to 36 cases of idiopathic eosinophilia combined with results of literatures.Results Idiopathic eosmophilia is an unique groug both in clinic and in lab test,the patients of idiopathic eosinophilia with high level eosinophils may be the early stage of hypereosmophilic syndrome.Conclusion We make suggestions that patients of idiopathic eosinophilia with high level eosinophils should be treated more actively to prevent multi-organ injury occurring.Prednisone is effective to these patients and could be chosen first.

[Objective]To determine the activity of vitro thrombolysis of spider venom from Macrothele raveni,and to isolate the composition of fibrinolysin of spider venom from Macrothele raveni.[Methods]The spider venom from Macrothele raveni was isolated by reversion phase chromatography and cation exchange,and the toxin and plasmin activity were detected by fibrin plate method.[Results]The vitro thrombolysis test demonstrated that the water solution with different concentration of spider venom from Macrothele raven could solve the human blood clot,and the solution function was increased with the concentration. The spider venom from Macrothele raveni had favorable thrombolyic activity. Four of the 14 fractions isolated from Macrothele raven collected by RP-chromatography had the thrombolyic activity. Fraction 2 and 10 isolated by RP-chromatography were isolated by cation-exchange chromatography again. 2-2 and 10-2 showed thrombolyic activity by means of fibrin plate,and both of them showed one zone which had reach the purification of electrophoresis detected by SDS-PAGE.[Conclusion]Spider venom from Macrothele raveni had the protein fraction ofplasmin activity,and the components of the spider venom can be isolated efficiently by the method of RP-chromatography and cation-exchange chromatography.

乳腺肿块是女性乳腺疾病的常见症状[1],其病变性质的诊断,特别是肿瘤良、恶性的诊断有非常重要的临床意义.作者对我科1990～2004年1 228例女性乳腺肿块的病理检查结果进行复诊,并对54例疑难标本进行了免疫组化检查,现将结果总结如下.

目的研究肺癌组织中细胞周期蛋白D2(CyclinD2)、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(cyclin-dependentkinase4,CDK4)和P16的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组织化SP法,检测69例肺癌组织、20例癌旁正常支气管黏膜石蜡切片中CyclinD2、CDK4和P16的表达并进行统计学分析。结果(1)69例肺癌组织中CyclinD2、CDK4和P16的阳性率分别为39·1%、49·3%和50·7%,与正常支气管黏膜比较差异有非常显著性意义(P<0·01)。(2)CDK4和P16的表达与肺癌淋巴结转移有关(P<0·01或<0·05)。(3)P16的表达与CyclinD2、CDK4的表达呈显著负相关(P<0·01)。结论CyclinD2高表达与肺癌的发生有关,CDK4和P16的异常表达与肺癌的侵袭和转移有关,可作为判断肺癌淋巴结转移和估计预后的重要指标。

本文通过分析孕妇血中胎儿细胞、游离DNA、RNA、表皮生长因子、孕激素等物质的临床意义,阐述了检测孕妇血在无创产前诊断中的应用,同时介绍了诊断先天性疾病的新手段———生物芯片技术。

乳腺肿块是女性乳腺疾病的常见症状[1],其病变性质的诊断,特别是肿瘤良、恶性的诊断有非常重要的临床意义.作者对我科1990年～2004年1218例女性乳腺肿块的病理检查结果进行重新复诊,并对54例疑难标本进行了免疫组化检查,现将结果总结如下.

UF-100型全自动尿沉渣分析仪是使尿液染色后,采用流式细胞和电阻抗原理,通过前向散射光和前向荧光强度及电阻抗大小的信号来区分尿液的有形成分.该仪器具有操作简单、快速、不需离心、重复性好及准确性高等优点,并较好地解决了尿沉渣检测难以标准化的主要问题[1,2].UF-100检测红细胞、白细胞的评价较多[3～5],但对管型、细菌、电导率等数据的应用分析较少.我们用UF-100型全自动尿沉渣分析仪针对93位老年人的尿液进行了分析,现将结果报道如下.

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率在欧美国家占首位.我国发病率虽低于欧美,但近几年有明显上升趋势.由于乳腺癌的病因、发病机制尚不清楚,缺乏行之有效的治疗方法,故乳腺癌的防治重在预防.笔者对85例早期乳腺癌的临床病理资料进行分析.