Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Xiaoyao San（XYS）, a herbal medicine formula, on exercise capacity and liver mitochondrial metabolomics in a rat model of depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress（CUMS）.Methods: A total of 24 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group（C）, CUMS control group（M）, Venlafaxine positive treatment group（V）, and XYS treatment group（X）. Depressive behaviour and exercise capacity of rats were assessed by body weight, sugar-water preference test, open field test, pole test, and rotarod test. The liver mitochondria metabolomics were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） method. TCMSP database and Gene Cards database were used to screen XYS for potential targets for depression, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed.Results: Compared with C group, rats in M group showed significantly lower body weight, sugar water preference rate, number of crossing and rearing in the open field test, climbing down time in the pole test,and retention time on the rotarod test（P ＜ 0.01）. The above behaviors and exercise capacity indices were significantly modulated in rats in V and X groups compared with M group（P ＜ 0.05, 0.01）. Compared with C group, a total of 18 different metabolites were changed in the liver mitochondria of rats in M group.Nine different metabolites and six metabolic pathways were regulated in the liver mitochondria of rats in X group compared with M group. The results of network pharmacology showed that 88 intersecting targets for depression and XYS were obtained, among which 15 key targets such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF were predicted to be the main differential targets for the treatment of depression. Additionally, a total of 1 553 GO signaling pathways and 181 KEGG signaling pathways were identified, and the main biological pathways were AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and calcium signaling pathway.Conclusion: XYS treatment could improve depressive symptoms, enhance exercise capacity, positively regulate the changes of mitochondrial metabolites and improve energy metabolism in the liver of depressed rats. These findings suggest that XYS exerts antidepressant effects through multi-target and multi-pathway.
目的 初步明确秋菊丸化学成分,研究秋菊丸对慢性高尿酸血症(HUA)模型大鼠尿酸(UA)升高及肾脏损伤的治疗作用及机制.方法 借助超高效液相色谱串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)技术,初步鉴定秋菊丸的化学成分.48只雄性SD大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、苯溴马隆(5.45 mg·kg-1,阳性药)组和秋菊丸低、中、高剂量(1.31、2.62、5.24g·kg-1)组,除对照组外,通过ig腺嘌呤和乙胺丁醇制备大鼠慢性HUA模型,造模同时每天ig给药1次,连续28d.使用全自动生化仪测定大鼠血清UA、肌酐(CRE)、尿素氮(BUN)水平;HE及Masson染色观察肾脏组织病理学变化;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测肾脏组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白9(GLUT9)、有机阴离子转运体家族蛋白3(OAT3)、ATP结合盒亚家族G成员2(ABCG2)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β1)、SMAD蛋白3(Smad3)、a-平滑肌肌动蛋白(a-SMA)的mRNA水平.结果 秋菊丸中共鉴定出41个成分,包括黄酮类(9个)、有机酸类(5个)、生物碱类(3个)、苯丙素类(7个)、香豆素类(1个)、酚类(3个)、呋喃类(2个)、脂肪酰类(6个)、醌类(2个)、萜类(1个)、内酯类(1个)、脂肪酸类(1个).给药28d后,HE染色结果表明,与模型组比较,各给药组肾损伤的病理学改变明显恢复,减轻了肾小球萎缩、肾小管扩张、肾纤维化及肾间质炎性细胞浸润等病理改变,其中秋菊丸高剂量组及苯溴马隆组肾脏损伤最轻.与模型组比较,秋菊丸高剂量组的CRE、UA水平均显著降低(P＜0.01),各剂量组BUN水平有降低趋势,但无显著性差异;高、中剂量组肾组织中肾小管上皮细胞中胶原蛋白的含量显著降低(P＜0.05、0.01);高剂量组GLUT9 mRNA表达量显著减少(P＜0.05、0.01),各剂量组OAT3、ABCG2的mRNA表达量均显著增加(P＜0.05、0.01);中、高剂量a-SMAmRNA表达量显著减少(P＜0.05、0.01),高剂量组TGF-β1 mRNA表达量显著减少(P＜0.01),各给药组Smad3的mRNA表达量有减少趋势,但无显著性差异.结论 初步明确秋菊丸化成成分,秋菊丸具有增强UA代谢、减轻HUA所致肾脏损伤及肾纤维化的作用,其机制可能与调控GLUT9-OAT3尿酸转运体相关.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of coenzyme Q10 in the adjuvant treatment of heart failure.Methods Databases such as PubMed,The Cochrane Library,Embase,Web of science,CNKI,SinoMed,VIP and Wanfang Data were consulted to obtain randomized controlled trials(RCTs)concerning the use of coenzyme Q10 in treating heart failure from the beginning to February 2023.After literature screening,relevant effective information extraction and deviation risk included in the evaluation study,the two researchers used RevMan 5.4.1 analysis tool for meta-analysis.Results A total of 27 RCTs were collected,and the total number of patients was 3 222.Meta-analysis results revealed that:The mortality rate of coenzyme Q10 adjuvant treatment group was lower than that of the control group[RR=0.62,95％CI(0.47,0.82),P=0.000 6],and the ejection fraction was higher than that of the control group[MD=3.62,95％CI(2.53,4.71),P＜0.000 01],NYHA cardiac function grade was lower than control group[MD=-0.31,95％CI(-0.40,-0.22),P＜0.000 01],and 6-minute walking test(6MWT)was superior to the control group[MD=35.36,95％CI(23.00,47.72),P＜0.000 01],adverse reactions were lower than those in control group[RR=0.73,95％CI(0.50,1.06),P=0.10].Conclusion The evidence currently available suggests that coenzyme Q10 has the potential to reduce mortality,NYHA cardiac function grade,and increase ejection fraction and 6-minute walking test in those with heart failure,without any major adverse effects.Nevertheless,due to the limited number of studies included,these conclusions must be further corroborated by more high-quality studies.
Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Xiaozhi Pills(XZP)on constipation induced by diphenoxylate in mice and its mechanism.Methods ICR mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,methylnaltrexone bromide group(positive control,58.5 mg·kg-1)and XZP low,medium,and high doses group(1.17,2.34,and 4.68 g·kg1).Each group was administered by gavage of the corresponding drug once a day for seven days.Except for the control group,the other groups were given diphenoxylate suspension at 7.5 mg·kg-1 body weight by gavage on the same day.Observe the general situation of mice.After the end of the last administration,each experimental group fasted for 16 hours and couldn't help but water.The model group and each administration group were given compound diphenoxylate by ig.After 30 minutes,the administration group ig contained activated carbon suspension of the corresponding test drug,while the control group and model group ig contained activated carbon suspension.The first batch of mice were observed for the first time of black stools,the number of stools within six hours,the quality of stools within 6 and 24 hours,and the fecal moisture content.The second batch of mice were tested for intestinal propulsion rate,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect changes in levels of serotonin(5-HT),substance P(SP),and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP)in colon tissue and serum,real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect levels of aquaporin 3(AQP3)and AQP9 mRNA in colon tissue,and Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels of AQP3 and AQP9.Results Compared with the model group,the fecal dryness of mice in each treatment group improved,with varying degrees of increase in fecal volume,increased body mass,and gradually improved mental state.Compared with the model group,each medication group significantly shortened the first black stool discharge time,improved the number of fecal particles and fecal moisture content at six hours,and improved the quality of feces at 6 and 24 hours(P＜0.05,0.01,0.001);Except for the low-dose group of XZP,the 24-hour fecal moisture content of mice in all other treatment groups significantly increased(P＜0.01,0.001).The distance and rate of small intestine charcoal powder propulsion in each administration group were significantly increased(P＜0.05,0.01,0.001).All treatment groups were able to significantly reduce VIP levels in colon tissue(P＜0.01,0.001).Except for the low-dose group of XZW,all other treatment groups were able to significantly increase the levels of 5-HT and SP in colon tissue(P＜0.01,0.001).Each administration group significantly increased the levels of 5-HT and SP in serum and decreased the expression level of VIP(P＜0.05,0.01,0.001).The expression of AQP3 protein significantly decreased in each treatment group(P＜0.01,0.001),while the expression of AQP9 protein significantly increased(P＜0.05,0.01,0.001).The levels of AQP3 mRNA was significantly decreased in each treatment group(P＜0.01,0.001),while the levels of AQP9 mRNA was significantly increased(P＜0.05,0.01,0.001).Conclusion XZP had a significant therapeutic effect on the constipation model induced by compound diphenoxylate in mice.It can significantly shorten the first black stool time,increase the number of stool particles and increase the fecal water content,and significantly promote small intestine propulsion.The mechanism of action is related to regulating the release of intestinal secretion related factors such as 5-HT,SP,VIP,and the expression of AQP3 and AQP9.
Objective To establish an quantitative analysis method and QAMS by UPLC for ganoderol A,ganoderal A,ganodermanontriol and ergosterol from Ganoderma Lucidum extract.Methods The UPLC content determination was performed on a Phenomenex Luna Omega PS C18 chromatographic column(150 mm × 2.1 mm,1.6 μm),with acetonitrile-0.04％formic acid as the mobile phase,the detection wave was set at 254 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃.QAMS used ganoderal A as the internal reference material to calculate the relative correction factors of ganoderal A,ganodermanontriol and ergosterol.Precisely aspirate 10 batches of Ganoderma lucidum test solution for injection testing,and compare the results of the established external standard method and QAMS for consistency.Result The results showed that the 4 components established a good linear relationship(r ≥0.998 8),and the relative standard deviations(RSD)of precision,stability,and repeatability were all less than 2.13％,and the recovery rate was 92％-105％,RSD was less than 1.99％,the accuracy of this method was good.The relative correction factors for ganoderal A,ganodermanontriol and ergosterol were 1.02,0.99,and 1.80,respectively.There was no significant difference in the results between the one test multiple evaluation method and the external standard method.Conclusion The UPLC determination method and QAMS of neutral triterpenoids and ergosterol in this study is specific,simple,efficient and accurate,which is suitable for the quantitative analysis of Ganoderma neutral triterpenoids and ergosterol.
Radix Bupleuri is the dried root of the umbelliferae plant Bupleurum chinense DC.or B.scorzonerifolium Willd.,and its chemical composition mainly includes Radix Bupleuri saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides,and volatile oils,etc.It is mainly used to protect the liver,lower blood lipids,and anti-inflammatory effects.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is often used as a monarchical drug in Chinese medicine formulas for the treatment of various liver diseases.Classical prescriptions such as Banxia Xiexin Decoction,Zexie Decoction,Wendan Decoction,Xiao Chaihu Decoction,and Xiaoyao San have been used in the treatment of metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).Therefore,the clinical application,pharmacology,and the mechanism of action of the active ingredients of Radix Bupleuri and classical prescriptions for the improvement of MAFLD,which have been mentioned in recent years'related researches,are reviewed,in order to provide scientific and effective theoretical support.
Objective To investigate the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of regorafenib in human body of healthy subjects taking the test or reference preparation of Regorafenib Tablets under fasting and fed conditions,and evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of two drugs.Methods A single center,single dose,two preparations,randomized,open-label,two-sequence,two-cycle,and self-cross trial design was used.Tatolly 112 subjects were given the test or reference reagent of 40 mg Regorafenib Tablets in fasting(n=64)and fed states(n=48),respectively.And the vein blood was collected at specified time-points.The concentrations of regorafenib in plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS method.The pharmacokinetic parameters of subjects were calculated by non-compartment model of Phoenix WinNonlin 8.3.And the statistical analyses of clinical safety were evaluated by SAS 9.4 software.Results After single oral administration of the test or reference regorafenib in fasting and fed states,subjects' pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows:Cmax were(599±245),(569±209),(507±152)and(572±161)ng·mL-1.AUC0～t were(8 688±2 459),(8 600±2 584),(12 203±3 973)and(13 495±3 910)h·ng·mL-1.AUC0～∞ were(9 107±2 692),(9 078±2 832),(12 834±4 422)and(14 121±4 391)h·ng1mL-1.The geometric mean rations of the main pharmacokinetic parameters taking the two drugs were within the bioequivalence range.The incidences of adverse events under the fasting and fed conditions were 39.06％ and 41.67％,respectively.There isn't serious adverse event.Conclusion There is a secondary peak in the concentration-time curves of regorafenib,which is thought to be related to hepatoenteric circulation.A high-fat diet increases the exposure of regorafenib.The test and reference preparations are bioequivalent,safe and well tolerated at a single dose.
The transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS)can avoid the first pass elimination and gastrointestinal disruption.It's a novel drug delivery system.It can prolong the therapeutic effect by controlling the release rate of drugs,which makes it one of the hot spots for drug formulation development and research.Nevertheless,the physical and chemical properties of drugs and the skin barrier influence the transdermal absorption of drugs.This paper describes the common penetration enhancing techniques used in TDDS,including chemical,physical,nano,and natural penetration enhancing techniques.In addition,methods for measuring skin permeability,including in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo are presented.The main purpose of this paper is to review recent advances in effective new strategies for transdermal drug delivery and methods for measuring transdermal absorption capacity.It is expected to provide a reference for the rational use of TDDS and rapid development.
Objective To obtain the core prescription and herb pairs of Chinese medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia,by using data mining,network pharmacology,and molecular docking technology,which further helps explore the potential molecular mechanism.Method This research was built on the retrieval from database like CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Web of Science and PubMed.Data mining,operated on R Studio,provided the foundation of the core prescription.Then the active ingredients and potential targets were collected from TCMSP,UniProt,and Swiss Target Prediction databases and disease targets from OMIM,Therapeutic Target Database.The network of the ingredient-target of the compound and protein-protein interaction(PPI)of intersection targets between disease and ingredients were constituted via Cytoscape 3.8.1.The core targets extracted from the PPI network were imported into the Metascape website to perform gene ontology(GO)function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis.In the end,the core ingredients and targes were verified by molecular docking seriatim.Results 256 prescriptions consisting of 236 herbs were founded in total.Based on data mining,the core prescription of eight Chinese materia medica(Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Poria,Alismatis Rhizoma,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Crataegi Fructus,Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma,Puerariae Lobatae Radix)and herb pairs such as the combination of Crataegi Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix-Astragali Radix were acquired.Through comprehensive screening,132 active ingredients(i.e.,apigenin,luteolin,isorhamnetin,dan-shexinkum A,etc.)and 878 potential targets(i.e.,RXRa,TP53,AKT1,CAV1,etc.)were got.The main signal paths include Lipid and atherosclerosis,Chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation,Insulin resistance,PPAR signalling pathway,etc.The molecular docking results indicated the ideal affinity between the core ingredients and targets.Conclusion The core prescription combination of traditional Chinese medicine for treating type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidemia can be regulated by multiple active ingredients at multiple targets and pathways,which can provide reference ideas for clinical application and drug development.
With the increasing application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)injection in clinic,the adverse reactions have become one of the hot spots and difficulties in the study of TCM safety evaluation,and has increasingly attracted people's attention.TCM injections often cause type Ⅰ allergic reaction and anaphylactoid reactions.In recent years,a variety of cells,animal models of anaphylactoid reaction,animal models of type Ⅰ anaphylactoid reaction,and ELISA,a variety of high-throughput screening and isolation methods,and virtual technology screening have been developed for these two kinds of allergic reactions.In this paper,the principles,applicability and limitations of experimental models and detection methods for sensitization of traditional Chinese medicine injections in recent years are reviewed,in order to provide more references for establishing new screening methods for allergens,finding allergens for TCM injections,and studying potential sensitization mechanisms.
The drug treatment pathway is the improvement and supplement to the clinical pathway in the medication regimen,which has positive significance for reducing the economic burden of patients,promoting the high-quality development of hospital pharmaceutical affairs management,adapting to the new trend of medical insurance payment reform,and realizing the optimal allocation of health resources.Drug treatment regimens in current clinical pathways are often not sufficiently detailed,which affect the implementation of clinical pathways.Taking Parkinson's disease as an example,a drug treatment pathway was formulated based on the actual situation of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.By rearranging the treatment pathway of Parkinson's disease,the department clarified the priority level and treatment status of each drug,to avoid unnecessary adjustment of treatment regimen and reduce the cost of single disease treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Objective To investigate the medication characteristics of Reduning Injection in treating hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in the real world,so that we can provide guidance for its clinical use.Methods Cases of hospital information system(HIS)data were collected from three grade A children hospitals.The basic description method and assosiation rules were used to analyze the data about patient information,clinical characteristics and combined medication.Results Of all the 3 486 case of HFMD patients,the average age was 4.74 years,and 83.37％of patients were aged below 6 years.Most patients came from the department of infectious diseases,and the hospitalization day between one and seven was most,accounting for 86.40％.The complications were the upper respiratory tract infection,diarrhea and bronchitis,and the traditional Chinese medicine syndrome was damp-heat with exuberance of virulence and wind-heat invading lung.The route of administration was mostly intravenous infusion,with 1 725 patients(49.58％)receiving a dosage of 4-7 mL per dose for between four and seven days,accounting for 58.45％of the total number of people.The main combination drugs were Kaihoujian,oxiracetam,benzalkonium chloride and ribavirin,with confidence of 43.67％,35.40％,26.82％and 24.53％respectively.And Reduning Injection was often combined with drugs with similar phamacological effects such as antiviral drugs and antipyretic-detoxicate drugs.Conclusion Reduning Injection was basically complied with the drug instructions and guidelines of HFMD in practice.However,off-label use still existed,doctors should realize the hiding risks,observe the conconmitant medications and interactions so as to prevent adverse drug reactions in pediatrics.
Objective To establish a HPLC fingerprint of Camellia nitidissima Chi,analyze its chemical components,and study its antioxidant capacity.Methods Extraction of ten batches of Camellia nitidissima Chi were made by refluxing with 70％ ethanol solution.Agilent Eclipse Plus C18(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm)Chromatographic column were used,gradient elution,to establish a fingerprint of Camellia nitidissima Chi,analysis of its chemical components using HPLC-MS,and evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of Camellia nitidissima Chi using DPPH and ABTS methods.Results The HPLC chromatogram of Camellia nitidissima Chi was established,and 11 peaks were calibrated.The similarity was all above 0.98 through calculation of TCM chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation software(2012 edition).Meanwhile,HPLC-MS analysis showed that the components of Camellia nitidissima Chi were mostly flavonoids,and the antioxidant capacity of Camellia nitidissima Chi was tested.The results showed that it had good antioxidant capacity to DPPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals in vitro,and showed a certain concentration dependence.Conclusion We had established a fingerprint of Camea nitidissima Chi,which was rich in flavonoids and had good in vitro antioxidant effects.
Objective To explore the effect of sequential therapy with ateplase combined with butyphthalide on the condition of patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 94 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology from September 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the study subjects and divided into control group(n=47)and observation group(n=47)according to the dynamic randomization method.The control group was treated with intravenous thrombolysis,and the patients in the observation group were treated with sequential therapy on the control basis.The clinical efficacy,neurological function scores before and after treatment,serum human ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase(UCH-L1),serum glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)levels,serum inflammatory factor levels[hypersensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),n-pentamerin 3(PTX-3)]and oxford disability score(OHS)were compared.Results After treatment,the neurological deficit score(NIHSS)points]in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The clinical efficacy of the observation group(91.49％)was significantly higher than that of the control group(74.47％)(P＜0.05).After treatment serum UCH-L1,GFAP,hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,PTX-3 levels were significantly lower than those in the control group.Level 1\ and level 2\ of OHS in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Ateplase combined with butyphthalide sequential therapy has a good therapeutic effect on patients with acute cerebral infarction.It can significantly reduce the content of UCH-L1 and GFAP in the body of patients,inhibit the inflammatory level,improve the degree of neural function defect,and has a good prognosis.It is worth promoting in clinical application.
Objective To compare the efficacy difference and characteristics of intravenous and oral administration of Xuebijing Injection(XBJ)in the prevention and treatment of sepsis,so as to provide data reference for the development of oral innovative traditional Chinese medicine of XBJ.Methods A rat sepsis model was prepared using cecal ligation and perforation(CLP)method,and a mouse sepsis model was prepared using ip lipopolysaccharide(LPS)method.XBJ(4 mL·kg-1)was administered iv and ig at 0,12,24,36,48,and 60 h after modeling.The effects of the two administration methods on the mortality rate of sepsis model animals were compared.Through lung wet mass/dry mass,lung tissue inflammatory factor-tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)level determination,comparing the effects of two administration methods on LPS induced sepsis induced acute lung injury(ALI).The effects of two administration methods on intestinal barrier function in LPS induced sepsis mice were investigated through HE staining and FITC experiments.Results Compared with the model group,both iv and ig administration can reduce the mortality rate of sepsis experimental animals.In the CLP rat model,iv administration has a better effect than ig administration,while in the LPS mouse model,ig administration has a better effect than iv administration.Compared with the model group,the lung wet mass/dry mass of XBJ ig group and XBJ iv group mice were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).TNF-α and IL-1β levels in lung tissue of XBJ iv group significant decrease(P＜0.01,0.001),The level of TNF-α in lung tissue of XBJ ig group significantly decreased(P＜0.001).At 6 and 12 hours after LPS modeling,the serum FITC concentration of XBJ ig group mice significantly decreased(P＜0.05,0.01),while there was no significant change in the serum FITC concentration of XBJ iv group.XBJ ig has a better effect on improving the pathological changes of the ileum in sepsis mice compared to XBJ iv.Conclusions Both intravenous administration and oral administration of XBJ have clear therapeutic effects on sepsis.Intravenous administration has the efficacy characteristics of protecting acute lung injury in sepsis,while oral administration has the efficacy characteristics of improving intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis.
Objective Curcuma wenyujin lectin(CWL)recombinant protein was obtained,and its effect on the apoptosis,migration and invasion of colon cancer cells were invesitgated.Methods According to the coding sequence of CWL gene,CWL was heterogeneously expressed and purified using Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system.CCK-8 method was used to evaluate the toxicity of CWL to colon cancer HCT-116 cells,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and cells were detected by scratch test.Migration ability,cell invasion ability was assessed using transwell chamber method.the expression levels of genes in signal pathways such as Caspase-3,Caspase-9,BAX and PARP were performed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis.Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cleaved-Casase-3,cleaved-Casase-9,BAX,and cleaved-PARP proteins.Results Recombinant purification yielded CWL of relative molecular weight of 3 × 104.High quality concentration of CWL caused to significant coagulation of red blood cells,and as the concentration of CWL decreases,its coagulation activity gradually decreases until it disappears.Compared with control group,CWL had a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of HCT-116 cells(P＜0.001),CWL of 40,80 μg·mL-1could significantly reduce the migration and invasion ability of HCT-116 cells(P＜0.001),and significantly increased the apoptosis rate of HCT-116 cells(P＜0.01,0.001).CWL of 40,80 μg·mL-1 significantly increased mRNA expression levels of Caspase-3,Caspase-9,BAX,and PARP(P＜0.05,0.01,0.001),while significantly increased protein expression levels of cleaved-Caspase-3,cleaved-Caspase-9,BAX,and cleaved-PAP(P＜0.05,0.01).Conclusion CWL can promote HCT-116 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway,inhibit HCT-116 cell migration and invasion,thereby exerting anti-tumor effects and providing a new source of drugs for the development of clinical tumor drugs.
Objective To explore the anti-senescence effect of Placenta Hominis freeze-dried power aqueous extract(PHFAE)in vivo.Methods The fresh placentas from healthy puerperae were freeze-dried.Then,they were ground into powder,and extracted by water to prepare the water extracts from Placenta Hominis freeze-dried power.8 hpf AB strain zebrafish were treated with the different concentrations of PHFAE(0,1,10 and 25 μg·mL-1)for 72 h.Followingly,zebrafish β-galactosidase was stained.Then both AB and Tg(krt4:NTR-hKikGR)strain zebrafish were divided into control,model and PHFAE(0,1,10 and 25 μg·mL-1)groups.The control group was given zebrafish culture water,the model group was given 0.5 mmol·L-1 H2O2 solution to prepare oxidative damage model,and the administration group was given H2O2 solution and different concentrations of PHFAE at the same time.After 72 h of treatment,the number of fluorescent spots on the skin surface were detected,content of reactive oxygen species were detected by kits,and the expressions of ampk,mdm2,Cu/Zn-sod and Mn-sod were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT PCR).Results Compared with control group,the activity of β-galactosidase in PHFAE group of 1,10,25 μg·mL-1 was significantly reduced(P＜0.01).Compared to model group,PHFAE of 1,10,25 μg·mL-1 significantly inhibited H2O2 induced keratinocyte death(P＜0.01),significantly inhibited ROS accumulation,and significantly increased mRNA expression of ampk,mdm2,Cu/Zn-sod,and Mn-sod(P＜0.01).Conclusion PHFAE can improve the antioxidant capacity of the body and play the anti-aging effect by regulating the expressions of ampk,mdm2,Cu/Zn-sod and Mn-sod genes.
Objective To evaluate the quality of glucosamine sulfate solid oral preparations in China,and investigate the existing problems in the current standards,so as to provide reference for its production and quality control.Method The medicine post market quality surveillance of glucosamine sulfate solid oral preparations was conducted(73 batches in total,involving eight production enterprises).Use the current registration standards implemented by various enterprises(a total of nine standards)to conduct statutory inspections on sampled samples.At the same time,exploratory research was conducted on the product,with the apparent solubility referring to general rule 1236 of the United States Pharmacopoeia(USP).The content determination method shall refer to the relevant methods under USP43 glucosamine sulfate sodium chloride.Related substance methods refered to the standards of the original research enterprise for relevant material methods.The determination method for chromium content in the capsule shell shall be in accordance with the relevant methods under the gelatin hollow capsules section of the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Establish a consistency testing model for near-infrared spectroscopy.Result The qualification rate of 73 batches of sulfated glucosamine preparations was 97.3％,and the relevant substance inspection items of two batches of samples are unqualified.There are certain differences in quality standards among different companies,and some companies have incomplete quality standards that need to be improved.The testing methods for some important items in the quality standards need to be improved.In addition,individual enterprises should consider the rationality of the formulation process,the sealing of packaging materials,and moisture-proof measures.The exploratory research results show that there was currently no testing for the solubility of raw materials in the execution standards of various enterprises.It is recommended that enterprises pay attention to factors such as crystal form that may affect solubility.The results of using C8 chromatographic column for statutory testing were generally higher than exploratory results.The method of using chloride ions as the main component peak for content control was not exclusive,and the operation of UV visible spectrophotometry was complex with significant deviation in results.It is recommended to change to a more convenient and exclusive HPLC method.The impurity detection types,levels of known impurity fructose and deoxyfructozine,other known impurity categories,and total impurity content of the test batch preparation with non double salt raw materials are higher than those of other test enterprise samples.It is inferred that the reason is that it is easy to absorb moisture.The content of fructosezine in effervescent tablets is relatively high,and the number of unknown impurities is higher than that of other dosage forms.It is speculated that the reason is due to a large number of excipients.Compared to capsule formulations,tablets contain more impurities,indicating that higher temperature steps such as granulation and granulation during the tablet production process can have a certain impact on product quality.A near-infrared spectral consistency model or correlation coefficient model can be established according to the manufacturer to supplement the rapid screening method for this product.Conclusion There were still some differences in the quality standards of various enterprises.The quality standards of individual enterprises and the detection methods of some important items in the quality standards need to be improved.A unified national standard,including specific and accurate detection methods,should be established.
Ginseng is not only a precious traditional Chinese medicinal herb in China,but also a great food therapy and health product,with various anti fatigue effects.The main active ingredients of ginseng in anti fatigue include ginseng polysaccharides,oligopeptides,and saponins,which may regulate carbohydrate metabolism,activate phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxykinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)and other signaling pathways enhance the energy supply efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondria and accelerate the clearance of free radicals,thereby producing an anti fatigue efect.Summarize the anti fatigue pharmacological mechanisms of ginseng polysaccharides,proteins,and ginsenosides,aiming to provide a basis for the development and application of ginseng in various anti fatigue functional products.
Nelumbinis Receptaculum is from dried receptacle of Nelumbo nucifera,and it is a common traditional Chinese medicine for medicine and food homology,has removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding effect.Its active ingredients mainly include polyphenols,flavonoids and polysaccharides,which have extensive pharmacological activities such as anti-oxidation,anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,immune modulation,lipid lowering and anti-radiation.This review mainly summarized the research progress of pharmacological effects of procyanidins of lotus seedpod,flavonoids and polysaccharides in Nelumbinis Receptaculum and the water extracts and alcohol extracts of Nelumbinis Receptaculum.Its research direction is prospected to provide some basis for its further utilization and modernization.
