目的 研究白藜芦醇(resveratrol,R)抗切除卵巢大鼠发生骨质疏松的作用.方法 6月龄Wistar雌性大鼠40只,随机数字表法分为假手术组(Sham)、去卵巢组(OVX)、淫羊藿苷组(I)和白藜芦醇组(R).I组给予25 mg/(kg·d)的淫羊藿苷灌胃,R组给予8.4 mg/(kg·d)的白藜芦醇灌胃,Sham和OVX组灌胃等体积蒸馏水.根据体质量每两周进行一次灌胃剂量调整.8周后待各组间骨密度出现显著性差异后立即处死,统计大鼠体质量并计算大鼠器官指数,检测离体骨密度、骨生物力学、血清生化指标,观察骨组织形态并测量分析骨小梁相关静态参数.结果 各组大鼠体质量并未出现统计学差异,除子宫系数外其他器官指数无统计学差异(P>0.05),但OVX组的子宫指数显著低于Sham组(P<0.05),I组和R组子宫指数显著高于OVX组(P<0.05);与OVX组相比,I组和R组的骨密度、最大载荷、弹性模量、骨形成指标OC以及Tb.N、BV/TV均显著升高(P<0.05),而骨吸收指标TRACP-5b含量和Tb.SP均显著降低(P<0.01);骨组织形态观察结果也显示I组和R组骨小梁网状结构呈致密性增加,骨小梁数目明显变多.R组与I组相比,其各指标平均值略低于I组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 白藜芦醇可能通过增加骨密度、提高骨强度、促进骨形成、抑制骨吸收、改善骨质量从而发挥抗骨质疏松的作用.

Objective To study the effects of the compound medicine of icariin and puerarin on peak bone mass in rats during growth period, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 1 month were randomly divided into normal control group( C), icariin group( I), puerarin group( P), icariin and puerarin compound groupc(I+P), 10 in each group. The body weights were recorded once every two weeks, and the bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every month. After the bone mineral density of the whole body was significantly different between the control group and drug groups the animals were sacrificed. The right femur and vertebrae were separated to measure the bone mineral density. The biomechanical properties of the femur and vertebra were detected by AG-IS series desktop electronic universal testing machine. The bone formation index osteocalcin, PINP and bone resorption index were determined by ELISA. Changes in the contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP 5b) and CTX-1; and changes in trabecular bone related parameters were recorded after magenta-picric acid staining. Results There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body bone density after 1 month of treatment (P＞0.05). After 2 months of treatment, the body bone density of the drug-administered group was higher than that of the control group. Whole body bone density, femur and vertebral bone density, femur maximum load value, maximum vertebrae load value and trabecular bone number and area, serum OC and PINP levels increased, while TRACP 5b and CTX-1 levels decreased(P＜0.01) in drug group. The difference from the control group was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). There were significant differences in biochemical parameters and bone histomorphology between the compound drug group and the two-flavor monomer group ( P＜0. 01). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density and biomechanics, but the average value was higher than that of the monomer group. Conclusion The combination of icariin and puerarin can effectively increase the peak bone mass in rats.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Epimedium sagittatum brevicornum Maxim. is an important traditional Chinese herb that has long been used to promote bone fracture healing and treat osteoporosis. Aim of the study: Achieving peak bone mass by adolescence has now been accepted to be fundamental for preventing osteoporosis in adulthood life. This study investigated the possibility of increasing peak bone mass in young rats using the total flavonoid extract of Epimedium herb (TFE). Materials and methods: TFE was intragastrically administered to one-month-old Wistar rats at a low (100 mg/kg), middle (200 mg/kg) or high dose (400 mg/kg). Whole body bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry every two weeks. When BMD of any one of TFE groups was found to be significantly higher than that of the control, all rats were sacrificed, serum samples were collected for bone turnover biochemical assays, and femurs, tibiae and vertebrae were isolated and used in BMD, mechanical, micro-structural, histomorphometric and mechanistic studies. Results: Administration of TFE at middle and high doses for two months significantly increased the whole body, femoral and vertebral BMDs, and improved the bone mechanical and micro-architectural properties. The serum turnover biochemical results and the enhanced expression levels of bone-formation regulatory genes (Runx-2, OSX, and BMP-2) demonstrated that TFE administration increased bone formation but had no effect on bone resorption. The increased phosphorylation levels in femurs of PICA and CREB and expression of AC10 (the only soluble form of adenylyl cyclase) and the increased serum CAMP level after 4 h of TFE administration indicated that TFE promoted bone formation by activating the AC10/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in vivo. Conclusions: Oral administration of TFE at 200 mg/kg for two months can increase the peak bone mass of growing rats, suggesting the possibility of using total flavonoid extract of Epimedium herb to increase the peak bone mass in adolescence which is important for preventing osteoporosis in adult life.

Objective To investigate whether Puerarin(PR)can improve the peak bone mass of young rats and play a role in the prevention of osteoporosis.Methods Thirty-six Wistar female healthy rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(CON),Icariin(ICA,positive control group)and Puerarin group(PR).ICA group was administered with icariin 25 mg/(kg· d),rats in the PR group were treated with Puerarin 15.4 mg/(kg·d),and the control group was administered with equal volume of distilled water.All rats were sacrificed after significant differences in bone mineral density(after 2 months)were observed among the groups.The organ index of vital organs was calculated.Pathological analysis was performed by HE staining.Vertebrae and femur were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density,universal testing machine was used for bone biomechanical testing,ELISA kits were used to assess serum bone metabolism indicators and VG staining was used for bone morphometric examination.Results Body weight increased in all three groups,but here were no significant differences in body weight and organ index of lung,kidney and uterus among the groups during the experiment.No pathological changes were observed in the pathology examination.At baseline,there were no significant differences in bone mineral density among the CON group,ICA group and the PR group,and the increase in bone mineral density in ICA group and PR group was not significantly different from that of the CON group at 4 weeks after the intragastric administration(both P＞0.05).However,compared with CON group,bone mineral density of ICA group and PR group significantly increased(both P＜0.01)at the end of the 8 weeks.Biomechanical result:Compared with CON group,the maximum load values of femur and vertebrae of ICA group and PR group significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Bone histomorphometry VG staining analysis:compared with CON group,the number of trabecular(Tb.N),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th)and bone volume / tissue volume(BV/TV)values significantly increased(all P＜0.05),and trabecular spacing(Tb.Sp)was significantly lower(P＜0.01).Compared with CON group,the levels of osteocalcin(OC)in ICA group and PR group were significantly higher(both P＜0.05),and of Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP 5b)were significantly lower(both P＜0.05).Conclusion Puerarin can significantly improve the peak bone mineral density and bone mass of young rats,enhance the biomechanical properties of femur and vertebrae,and change the bone histomorphometry properties.The possible mechanism is that it has the dual activity of improving bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Epimedium sagittatum brevicornum Maxim. is an important traditional Chinese herb that has long been used to promote bone fracture healing and treat osteoporosis. AIM OF THE STUDY:Achieving peak bone mass by adolescence has now been accepted to be fundamental for preventing osteoporosis in adulthood life. This study investigated the possibility of increasing peak bone mass in young rats using the total flavonoid extract of Epimedium herb (TFE). MATERIALS AND METHODS:TFE was intragastrically administered to one-month-old Wistar rats at a low (100 mg/kg), middle (200 mg/kg) or high dose (400 mg/kg). Whole body bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every two weeks. When BMD of any one of TFE groups was found to be significantly higher than that of the control, all rats were sacrificed, serum samples were collected for bone turnover biochemical assays, and femurs, tibiae and vertebrae were isolated and used in BMD, mechanical, micro-structural, histomorphometric and mechanistic studies. RESULTS:Administration of TFE at middle and high doses for two months significantly increased the whole body, femoral and vertebral BMDs, and improved the bone mechanical and micro-architectural properties. The serum turnover biochemical results and the enhanced expression levels of bone-formation regulatory genes (Runx-2, OSX, and BMP-2) demonstrated that TFE administration increased bone formation but had no effect on bone resorption. The increased phosphorylation levels in femurs of PKA and CREB and expression of AC10 (the only soluble form of adenylyl cyclase) and the increased serum cAMP level after 4 h of TFE administration indicated that TFE promoted bone formation by activating the AC10/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway in vivo. CONCLUSIONS:Oral administration of TFE at 200 mg/kg for two months can increase the peak bone mass of growing rats, suggesting the possibility of using total flavonoid extract of Epimedium herb to increase the peak bone mass in adolescence which is important for preventing osteoporosis in adult life.

OBJECTIVETo compare effects of resveratrol, puerarin and the compounds on peak bone mass in rats.METHODSForty SPF Wistar rats weighed 109.45 g to 119.44 g with an average of 115.87 g were selected. After 3 days' adaption, rats were divided into control group (the same volume of distilled water per day), puerarin group(15.4 mg/kg puerarin daily), resveratrol group (8.4 mg/kg resveratrol daily), compound drug group (daily dose of 8.4 resveratrol added 15.4 mg/kg of puerarin) and 10 in each group. The body weight of the rats was monitored at every 7 days and body bone density was measured at every month. All rats were sacrificed after 3 months. The bone mineral density of femur and vertebrae was detected by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; bone biomechanics, VG staining was used to analyze bone histomorphometry;ELISA was used to detect serum bone metabolic index and microstructure of femur were scanned with Micro-CT scanner.RESULTSThere were no significant differences in body weight among groups during exoeriment. Bone mineral density results showed BMD of femur and vertebrae in the other three groups were significantly increased, and R+P group was significantly higher than PR group and RES group(P<0.05) by compared with CON group;three-point bending and compression test results showed compared with CON group, other three groups of femoral and vertebral maximum load values were significantly increased, and P+R group was higher than PR group and RES group, but elastic modulus was not statistically significant. Bone histomorphometry showed that number of trabecular bone in other three groups were significantly increased compared with CON group, separation of trabecular bone were significantly reduced, continuity was improved, and R+P group was significantly better than RES and PR group. The results of Micro-CT scan showed that separation of trabecular bone were significantly reduced, continuity were improved in other three groups, and R+P group was significantly better than RES and PR group. The numbers of trabecular bone (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), volume of trabecular bone (BV/TV) in PR group, RES group and R+P group were significantly higher than CON group, but trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp) was significantly reduced. Serum levels results showed, level of OC in the other three groups were higher than control group(P<0.05), content of TRACP 5b decreased, and level of OC in P+R group was significantly higher than PR group and RES group, content of TRACP 5b was no significant change.CONCLUSIONSCompound of puerarin and resveratrol assigned in a 1:1 ratio could improve bone mineral density and bone mass in young rats, enhance biomechanical properties of bone, promote mineralization and maturation of osteoblasts, inhibit osteoblastic bone resorption, and is better than the role of their respective monomers. The paper showed that traditional Chinese medicine compound medicine will be used as a new way to prevent and treat osteoporosis.

To investigate the effect of Xianling Gubao capsule in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis, forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), ethinylestradiol group (EE) and Xianling Gubao capsule group (XLGB). Rats in each group received ovariectomy, except for sham group. The XLGB group received Xianling Gubao capsule at the dose of 378 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹. The dosage of EE group was 200 μg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹, and OVX and Sham groups were only fed with equal volume of distilled water. All of the rats were put to death two months later. Bone mineral density, bone biomechanics, bone histomorphometry Micro-CT scanning and organ index of vital organs were calculated and pathologically observed. There was no significant difference in the body weight of rats and organ indexes of lung, kidney, heart and spleen in the experimental groups. There was also no significant change in their pathological observation, but the uterine index of OVX group and XLGB group was significantly lower than that of Sham group. According to the results of BMD test, compared with the OVX group, femurs and vertebrae BMD of the other three groups were increased, with statistically significant differences. On the basis of the results of bone biomechanical test, compared with OVX group, the maximum load values of femur and vertebrae of the other three groups were increased, with statistically significant differences, while the change of elastic modulus was not statistically significant. According to the bone histomorphometry results of VG staining, compared with Sham group, the number of trabecular bone was significantly lower than that in OVX group. Compared with OVX group, the number of trabecular bone in EE group and XLGB group was increased, but with no significant difference between EE and XLGB groups. The results of serum biochemical indexes showed that compared with Sham group, osteocalcin (OC) decreased, while tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) increased in OVX group, with statistically significant differences. Compared with OVX group, the OC content of XLGB group and EE group increased, while the content of TRACP 5b decreased, with statistically significant differences. On the basis of the results of Micro-CT scanning, the change trends of femur volume BMD, number of trabecular bone (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) in the groups were consistent with those of bone histomorphometry. There was no significant change in femoral cortical bone between the two groups. Xianling Gubao capsule can prevent osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. The possible mechanism is the dual activity of inhibiting bone resorption and improving bone formation.

Objective To optimize the extraction and enrichment process of total triterpenes from Sibiraea Angustata; To study its anti-hypoxia activity. Methods The extraction solvent of total triterpenoids of Sibiraea Angustata was screened by atmospheric pressure anti-hypoxia test. The content of total triterpenes and extraction rate were set as evaluation indexes. The effects of extraction time, extraction times and ratio of material to liquid on extraction were investigated by orthogonal test. The extraction process was optimized. Resin type, concentration of sample, eluent concentration and eluent volume were investigated to optimize the enrichment process of total triterpenes of Sibiraea Angustata. Finally, the anti-hypoxia activity was studied by atmospheric pressure test and acute decompression test. Results The optimum extraction process was as follows: 70% ethanol extraction, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:20, extrat 2 times with 1.5 h for each time, and the content of total triterpenes was 32.25%. The optimum enrichment process was: AB-8-type macroporous adsorption resin, the loading concentration of 2 mg/mL, 80% ethanol 5 BV elution, and total triterpenes content was up to 61.09%; Sibiraea Angustata total triterpenes anti-hypoxia activity test was strong, and had a certain dose dependency. Conclusion The extraction and enrichment process of total triterpenes from Sibiraea Angustata is stable, reproducible and has significant anti-hypoxia activity.

目的 研究丹参酮ⅡA对去卵巢大鼠骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和骨形态计量学的影响,探讨丹参酮ⅡA对雌激素缺乏引起的骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)的治疗作用.方法 3月龄SD雌性大鼠40只,采用数字表法随机分为假手术组(Sham)、单纯卵巢切除组(Ovx)、雌激素治疗组和丹参酮ⅡA治疗组,每组10只.手术后1周,雌激素组给予炔雌醇200 μg/kg;丹参酮ⅡA治疗组给予丹参酮ⅡA11mg/kg;Ovx组与Sham组每日给予与治疗组同等体积的0.9％氯化钠注射液,给药方式均为口服,1次/d.每2周称1次体质量,每个月检测全身BMD,3个月后处死所有实验动物并取材.测定椎骨和右侧股骨的离体BMD和生物力学性能;品红-苦味酸染色(Van-Gieson,VG)进行骨形态分析;大鼠处死前按时间依次皮下注射四环素、茜素红和钙黄绿素,镜下观察各组3种荧光之间的距离变化;计算子宫系数,并在光镜显微镜下观察子宫病理切片中各组子宫内膜厚度的变化.结果 Ovx组大鼠体质量(282.38±16.92)明显增加,给予丹参酮ⅡA治疗的大鼠体质量增长与Sham组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),雌激素组大鼠体质量(248.33±15.57)明显低于其他各组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);丹参酮ⅡA组大鼠的子宫系数(0.925±0.553)与Ovx组(0.900±0.389)比较略高,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但明显低于雌激素组(2.386±0.495),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);与Ovx组相比,丹参酮ⅡA组的全身BMD (0.149±0.008)、股骨三点弯曲试验和椎骨压缩试验的最大载荷(159.86±12.37、267.58±33.4)均有所提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而丹参酮ⅡA组和雌激素组组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);丹参酮ⅡA组的弹性模量与Ovx组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但丹参酮ⅡA组均值高于Ovx组;骨形态计量分析结果显示丹参酮ⅡA组和雌激素组较Ovx组骨小梁明显变多变密,改善了松质骨的微结构;荧光标记观察表明口服丹参酮ⅡA和炔雌醇可加快骨的生长;子宫病理切片观察到Ovx组子宫内膜组织萎缩变薄,丹参酮ⅡA组与假手术组相差不大,雌激素组子宫内膜明显增厚,与子宫系数呈现相同的趋势.结论 丹参酮ⅡA可通过增加BMD,提高骨质量,改善骨微结构预防与治疗雌激素缺乏引起的OP,而刺激子宫组织增生的不良反应又远比雌激素小,对探索抗OP中药单体新药有非常重要的意义.

Objective To study the effect of the compound medicine of tanshinone 2A and resveratrol on peak bone mass in growing rats and to explore its possible mechanism,so as to explore anti-osteoporosis mechanisms of new traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) drugs. Methods Totally 40 1-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into tanshinone 2A group,resveratrol group,compound group (tanshinone 2A and resveratrol),and normal control group,with 10 rats in each group. Body weight was measured once every two weeks,and the whole body bone mineral density was measured with dual-energy X-ray monthly. When the whole-body bone mineral density became statistically significant between medication groups and control group,all animals were sacrificed to determine the bone mineral density of vertebrae and right femoral bone. The biomechanical properties of femur and vertebrae were measured by AGS-X series universal test,then the bone morphology was analyzed with Fuchsin picric acid staining. Finally,the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and osteocalcin were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The body weights were not statistically significant among all groups (P>0.05). The whole-body bone mineral density showed no significant difference (P>0.05) after feeding for 1 month;however,two months later,it was significantly different between medication groups and control group;in particular,the whole-body (P=0.016),femoral (P=0.001),and vertebral bone mineral density (P=0.034),bone trabecular number (P=0.024),thickness (P=0.040),and area (P=0.038) were significantly increased in the compound group,along with the significantly decreased trabecular separation degree (P=0.032). Compared with the control group,the compound group had significantly increased osteocalcin (P=0.033) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (P=0.028) levels in serum.Conclusion The compound of tanshinone 2 A and resveratrol can improve the bone density and bone quality in rats,and such effect is higher than either tanshinone 2 A monomer or resveratrolmonomer.

Objective To explore whether sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMFs) can promote bone microstructure, bone strength and bone metabolism of hind-limb suspension (HLS) osteoporosis model.Methods A total of 30 female SD rats (180 ± 10 g body weight) were divided into control group, HLS group and HLS +SEMFs group.HLS+SEMFs group was treated daily for 1.5 hours at 50 Hz with 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field interference and the rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks.Bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanics of rat femur and vertebrae were measured.The levels of serum osteocalcin (OC) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) were determined by ELISA.The microstructure of cancellous bone was analyzed by micro-CT.The microstructure of left tibia was observed after picric acid staining.IPP 6.0 software was used to analyze trabecular bone parameters.The organ paraffin embedded sections were subjected to toxicological analysis by HE staining to evaluate the side effects of the electromagnetic field.Results There were no significant differences between the groups in body weight and organ coefficient during the experiment, and there were no abnormal pathological findings.The result showed that SEMFs could improve the bone mineral density of femur and vertebra after 4 weeks.Biomechanical experiments showed that SEMFs reduced the decrease of femoral and vertebral mechanical properties induced by HLS.In addition, SEMFs increased OC content and inhibited TRACP 5b.Micro-CT result showed that SEMFs partially inhibited the decrease of microstructure of cancellous bone caused by HLS.Compared with HLS group, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular bone area significantly increased, and the trabecular separation significantly decreased.Bone histomorphometric analysis also showed that SEMFs improved the microstructure of cancellous bone.Conclusion SEMFs alleviate bone loss caused by simulated microgravity in hind limbs by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption, thus SEMFs may be a potential biophysical treatment for osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE:To study effects of 50 Hz 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) on bone mineral density (BMD) in SD rats.METHODS:Thirty SD rats weighted(110±10) and aged 1 month were randomly divided into control group and electromagnetic field group, 15 in each group. Normal control group of 50 Hz 0 mT density and sinusoidal electromagnetic field group of 50 Hz 1.8 mT were performed respectively with 1.5 h/d and weighted weight once a week, and observed food-intake. Rats were anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to detect bone density of whole body, and detected bone density of femur and vertebral body. Osteocalcin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b were detected by ELSA; weighted liver, kidney and uterus to calculate purtenance index, then detected pathologic results by HE.RESULTS:Compared with control group, there was no significant change in weight every week, food-intake every day; no obvious change of bone density of whole body at 2 and 4 weeks, however bone density of whole body, bone density of excised femur and vertebra were increased at 6 weeks. Expression of OC was increased, and TRACP 5b expression was decreased. No change of HE has been observed in liver, kidney and uterus and organic index.CONCLUSIONS:50 Hz 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic fields could improve bone formation to decrease relevant factors of bone absorbs, to improve peak bone density of young rats, in further provide a basis for clinical research electromagnetic fields preventing osteoporosis foundation.

Objective To investigate whether total flavonoid of epimedium capsules (TF) can prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.Methods Forty-eight female Wistar female rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham group (Sham),ovariectomized group (OVX),ethinylestradiol group (EE) and total flavonoid of epimedium capsules (TF),each group of 12.Rats in each group underwent ovariectomy except sham group.The TF group received TF 265 mg/ (kg · d)and EE group received 200 μg/ (kg · d) EE.The OVX and Sham groups were only fed with equal volume of distilled water.All rats were sacrificed two months later.Bone mineral density,bone biomechanics,serum bone metabolism index test,Micro-CT scan and organ index of vital organs were calculated and pathologically observed.Results There were no significant differences in body weight,organ index of vital organs and pathological observation (P＞0.05),but the uterine index of OVX and TF groups were significantly lower than that of Sham group (P＜0.05).Femoral BMD (0.109 g/cm2) in OVX group was significantly lower than that in Sham group (0.128 g/cm2),EE group (0.125 g/cm2) and TF group (0.123 g/cm2),the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.01).Vertebral changes among groups showed the same tendency as the femur.Biomechanical results showed that the maximum load of the femur and vertebrae in OVX group was 95.9 N and 201.9 N respectively,which were significantly lower than Sham group,while the maximum load of femur and vertebra in TF group was 122.1 N and 226.6 N respectively,which was significantly higher than that in OVX group,the changes of elastic modulus among all groups showed the same tendency with maximum load.Compared with Sham group,the number of bone trabecular in OVX group decreased,but trabecular separation increased.Compared with OVX group,the number of bone trabecular in EE and TF group increased,trabecular separation decreased.Serum bone metabolism index:The level of Osteocalcin in OVX group was 104.6 ng/mL,lower than that in Sham group (154.5 ng/mL),EE group (151.7 ng/mL) and TF group (136.9 ng/mL) (P＜0.05).The changes of the content of propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (P1NP) in type Ⅰ procollagen were consistent with those of OC.The levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) was significantly higher than that of Sham group (0.76 U/L),EE group (0.38 U/L) and TF group (0.95 U/L).The content of type Ⅰ collagen C-terminal peptide (CTX-Ⅰ) was consistent with that of TRACP 5b.Micro-CT scan results:The change trends of femur volume BMD,number of trabecular bone (Tb.N),trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th),trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp),bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) between the two groups were consistent with that of bone histomorphometry.There was no significant difference in femoral cortical bone between the two groups.Conclusion Epimedium flavonoids can prevent osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.The possible mechanism is that they have the dual activity of inhibiting bone resorption and improving bone formation.

In recent years , the incidence of osteoporosis has been rising year by year , which seriously affects the people′s health and quality of life .The pathogenesis of the osteoporosis is complex and diverse , and the early stage symp-toms are not obvious,and most of them are found after traumatic fracture .Currently, the main clinical treatment is western medicine,which has obvious effect ,but also is featured with greater adverse effect and high cost .Therefore,it is necessary to study the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and explore other methods of prevention and treatment .The future clinical disease research combining modern lifestyle ,to summarize the risk factors of osteoporosis and other diseases which can cause osteo-porosis,will provide a theoretical basis for the main non-drug therapy in clinical .

Objective: To investigate the effect of resveratrol on peak bone mineral density and bone mass in growing rats. Methods: Thirty-six female healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, icariin group and resveratrol group with 12 rats in each group. Icariin (25 mg·kg-1·d-1), resveratrol (8.4 mg·kg-1·d-1) or equal volume of distilled water were given by gavage to icariin group, resveratrol group and control group, respectively. The rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The organ indexes were calculated and pathology sections were observed; the bone mineral density (BMD), bone biomechanics, serum bone metabolism index, and results of micro-CT scan were analyzed. Results: During the experiment, the body weight of rats showed an increasing trend and there was no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in organ index of vital organs and pathological changes among the groups (all P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the whole body BMD, and the BMDs of femur and vertebrae in icariin and resveratrol groups were significantly increased after 12 weeks (all P<0.05). The maximum load values of femur and vertebrae, as well as elastic modulus of vertebrae in icariin and resveratrol groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Micro-CT scan showed that the volumetric BMD, number of trabecular, trabecular thickness and bone volume/tissue volume of the cancellous bone in icariin and resveratrol groups were significantly higher and the trabecular separation was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01); while there was no significant difference in volumetric BMD of cortical bone for femur. The contents of osteocalcin in icariin and resveratrol groups were significantly higher than those in control group (all P<0.05), while the contents of tartarte-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) were significantly lower than those in control group (all P<0.05).Conclusion: Resveratrol can inhibit bone resorption and enhance bone formation, so as to improve the peak bone mass and bone density, enhance bone strength and improve the microstructure of bone tissue in young rats.

Objective To study the effect of tanshinone Ⅱ A on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone morphology in growing rats,and to explore its possible mechanism and clinical efficacy.Methods Thirty 6-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into tanshinone Ⅱ A group (11 mg/kg·d,n =10),epimedium glycoside group (positive control,25 mg/kg· d,n =10),and normal control group (the same volume of distilled water,n =10).The weight was monitored every two weeks.BMD of the whole body was detected with dual-energy X-ray bone density (DEXA) per month.When the whole-body BMD between the groups was statistically significant,all the experimental rats were killed.BMD of the vertebrae and right femurs was determined ex vivo.Bone morphology was analyzed after Fuchsin picric acid staining (van Gieson,VG).The levels of tartaric acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) and osteocalcin (OC) were measured with ELISA method.Results There was no statistical significance of weight in rats (P ＞ 0.05).BMD of the whole body was no obvious difference at the first month (P ＞ 0.05).It was significantly higher in drug administered groups than that in control group after 2 months.Comparing to those in control group,BMD of the whole body,the vertebrae,and the femurs,trabecular bone number,trabecular thickness,trabecular bone area,and OC in tanshinone Ⅱ A and epimedium glycoside groups increased,but the trabecular bone gap and TRACP 5b reduced significantly (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference between tanshinone Ⅱ A and epimedium glycoside group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Tanshinone 1Ⅱ A prevents and treats osteoporosis by improving BMD and bone quality in rats.It has very important significance in investigation of antiosteoporosis Chinese medicine monomers.

Objective To study protective effect of total flavonoids from Aster souliei Franch on mice under sim-ulated high altitude hypoxia environment. Methods The anti-hypoxia activity of total flavonoids from Aster souliei Franch was evaluated using normobaric hypoxia combined with acute decompression of hypoxia tolerance tests. Under simulated 8000 m altitude using low pressure oxygen cabin,the patho-microstructure changes of brain tissues were ob-served before and after anoxia,and contents of hydrogen peroxide(H2 O2 ),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactic acid(LD) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)of brain tissues were detected. Results Total flavonoids from Aster souliei Franch ef-fectively prolonged the survival time of mice under normobaric hypoxia environment. and reduced death rate of mice under acute decompression of hypoxia environment with dose dependent(P ﹤ 0. 01). The simulated 8000 m altitude examina-tion showed that pathological damage was inflicted,and MDA,H2 O2 ,LD and LDH contents of brain tissues were signifi-cantly increased in hypoxia groups,compared with those in control group(P ﹤ 0. 01). The pathological damage was mod-erate,and MDA,H2 O2 ,LD and LDH contents of brain tissues were significantly decreased in total flavonoids from Aster souliei Franch group,compared with those in control group(P ﹤ 0. 01). Conclusion Total flavonoids from Aster souliei Franch can play a protective role on mice with high altitude hypoxia damage.

Objective To design and synthesize a new dual-target compound with free radicals cleaning and car-bonic anhydrase inhibiting activities according to the principle of dual-target drug design and to study its anti-hypoxia ac-tivity. Methods A new compound with dual-target combination activity was designed in combination of Acetazolamide ( carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)and nitronyl nitroxide radical(free radical scavenger )using a linker,and its anti-hypox-ia activity was evaluated using three kinds of hypoxia tolerance tests of normobaric hypoxia,acute decompression and chemical poisoning. Results The construction of target compound was identified with the use of electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),electric stimulation-induced contractions(ESI-MS)and element analysis. Compared with those in an-oxia models,Acetazolamide and nitronyl nitroxide radical groups,survival time of mice under normobaric hypoxic situa-tion was significantly prolonged(P ﹤ 0. 05,P ﹤ 0. 01),and the death rate within 1 h under acute decompression hypoxic situation was reduced(P ﹤ 0. 01),and survival times of chemical poisoning induced by Potassium Cyanide,Sodium Ni-trite and Isoprenaline Hydrochloride were also significantly prolonged in target compound group( P ﹤ 0. 05,P ﹤ 0. 01). Conclusion The new dual-target compound can be easily synthesized with high yield and good anti-hypoxia activity.

初级纤毛是一种结构特殊、功能比较复杂的细胞器，近年来关于初级纤毛的研究已经成为热点。目前的研究进展也阐明了初级纤毛在Hendgehog、Wnt、Shh等信号通路中的作用机制。作为一种细胞器，初级纤毛的长度变化也会影响其功能及其相关联的信号通路。本文对初级纤毛的结构、功能以及长度变化的影响因素做一综述。

目的：探讨缺氧环境对PC12细胞初级纤毛长度的影响。方法对PC12细胞进行缺氧培养,包括物理性缺氧培养6、12、24 h以及用氯化钴模拟化学缺氧培养12及24 h,通过荧光显微镜对免疫荧光染色后的PC12细胞初级纤毛的长度进行观察及测量。结果物理性缺氧培养6 h后,PC12细胞初级纤毛长度无明显变化,但物理性缺氧培养及氯化钴模拟化学缺氧培养12及24 h后PC12细胞初级纤毛均明显增长。结论缺氧环境可以诱导PC12细胞初级纤毛长度增加。