The contents of carotenoid, polyphenol and vitamin C of flue-cured tobacco strips of upper and middle leaves from six raw material bases, China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, were analyzed, to study the trend of antioxidant substances of different producing areas and leaf positions during the process of aging. The results showed that, during aging, the decomposition of antioxidant substances was mainly oxidative decomposition, and the contents of carotenoids, polyphenol and vitamin C showed trends of declining. Carotenoids decomposition occurred mainly in 12-21th months while polyphenol and vitamin C decomposition occurred manly in 0-12th months. Contents of polyphenol and vitamin C showed a significant positive linear correlation. The degradation of lutein and β-carotene in tobacco strips was faster in Liangshan Sichuan, Sanming Fujian and Zunyi Guizhou, after aging for 12-18 and 18-21 months. The degradation of Chlorogenic acid, rutin and Vitamin C in flue-cured tobacco strips was fatser in Baoshan Yunnan, Sanming Fujian and Liangshan Sichuan during 0-6 months of aging, and was the fastest in Zunyi Guizhou after aging for 6-18 months. Correlation analysis indicated that there was close relationships between the speed of degradation and transformation of antioxidant substances and the producing areas and aroma type of flue-cured tobacco strips.

[Objective] The present study was conducted to improve the aging quality of tobacco leaf and to achieve the availability of the cigarette materials.[Method] The total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine and the change law of sugar-nicotine radio of two parts of flue-cured tobacco lamina from six raw material bases in Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.were analyzed.[Result] (i)In the aging process of flue-cure tobacco,the contents of the total sugar and reducing sugar in different aroma types of flue-cure tobacco lamina of three mellowing storage were decreased,and the aging stage of the fastest rate of change was the 6 th-12th months.This period just was the stage of the rising storage environment temperature,and the higher mean monthly temperature and the higher relative humidity of mellowing storage accelerated the degradation and translation of the total sugar and reducing sugar in tobacco leaves.(ii) There were some visible differences (P ＜ 0.05) in the total sugar and the reducing sugar in different mellowing storage and different aroma types of flue-cure tobacco lamina.The decline range of total sugar and reducing sugar between fen-flavor and middle-flavor of flue-cure tobacco lamina in Xingyi storage was greater than that in Guiyang and Guiding storehouses,but the differences of falling range of strong-flavor flue-cure tobacco lamina were not significant.(iii) In the aging process of flue-cure tobacco,the changes of the alkali content in different aroma types of flue-cure tobacco lamina of three mellowing storage were weak,and the change law of the sugar-nicotine ratio synchronized with total sugar.[Conclusion] So the higher mean monthly temperature and higher relative humidity of mellowing storage could improve interior quality of tobacco leaf more quickly and shorten its nature aging time.

为探究不同采收时间对烤烟产质量的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,通过大田试验,设置3个采收时间处理.结果表明:下部叶推迟2 d采收,中部叶推迟3 d采收,上部叶推迟4 d采收对烤烟产质量影响最大,可有效降低烤后烟叶总糖、糖碱比以及氮碱比;可显著提高中部叶中性香气物质成分类胡萝卜素降解产物类、类西柏烷降解产物类、棕色化反应产物类、新植二烯含量,其中提高幅度分别为18.02%、17.73%、7.82%、9.85%;烤后烟叶成熟度好,油分足,结构疏松,烟叶充分成熟无青杂烟出现,产量与均价均有所增加.因此,通过适当推迟采收可以提高烟叶成熟度,协调烤烟内部化学成分含量,为优质烟叶的生产提供技术支撑.

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the relationship between tobacco module nicotine variation coefficient and tobacco module number,tobacco module position and tobacco module rank number.[Method] Correlation analysis and mathematical statistics of tobacco module nicotine variation coefficients and tobacco module number,tobacco module position and tobacco module rank number from China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co.,Ltd.,in 2015 was conducted.[Result] The results showed that tobacco module nicotine variation coefficients and tobacco module number are extremely positively correlated,there is no obvious correlationship between tobacco module nicotine variation coefficients and tobacco module position,tobacco module rank number;The average nicotine variation coefficient of tobacco modules with orders of magnitude below 2.5×105 kg was smaller,the orders of magnitude between 7.5×105 and 1.5×106 kg tobacco modules had more average nicotine variation coefficient.From the change tend,the larger the number of tobacco modules,the average nicotine variation coefficient is greater.The average nicotine variation coefficient of the superior class top tobacco leaves was minimal,the average nicotine variation coefficient of the medium class middle part tobacco leaves was maximal.The average coefficient of variation of tobacco module nicotine from high to low is the medium class middle part tobacco leaves,low class bottom tobacco leaves,medium class upper part tobacco leaves,medium class bottom tobacco leaves,superior class middle part tobacco leaves,superior class upper part tobacco leaves.[Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis for tobacco homogenization process.

With typical mellowing storage in Xingyi,Guiyang and Guiding as samples,the variation of relative moisture content in the process of mellowing and pH of tobacco strips of upper and middle leaves from six raw material base was analyzed to improve the quality of tobacco strips mellowing and reduce the cost of storage. Results showed that,1 )Environmental temperature and air humidity had a large impact on tobacco mellowing storage,the higher annual average monthly temperature and humidity of mellowing storage could increase the speed of tobacco natural aging and reduce the time of tobacco natural mellowing.2)The different aroma type of tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage with relative moisture content variation range had significant difference (P<0.05),relative water content variation range in strong flavor type and clean flavor type of tobacco in dif-ferent storage areas were significantly greater than relative water content variation range in local production and storage.3)During mellowing,the different aroma type of tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage with pH value continued to decline,showed that alkaline material reduced and acid material increased after mellowing,pH value in the Xingyi mellowing storage of clean flavor type and middle flavor type tobacco strips declined more than tobacco strips of the Guiyang mellowing storage and Guiding mellowing storage,but pH value decline of strong flavor type tobacco strips in 3 mellowing storage showed no significant difference.

To investigate the flavor type and aroma note characteristics of tobacco leaves in different producing areas, forty-eight tobacco samples in C3F grade from eight raw material sites of Guizhou tobacco were conducted with sensory evaluation in continuous two years.Results showed that the differences were significant in hay fragrance, Are sweet, Coke sweet and Scorch a-roma of different aroma type.Main aroma note of strong flavor leaves were hay fragrance, Coke sweet, Rosa banksiae, Scorch aro-ma and Nutty flavor, and Coke sweet stands out of all.Main aroma note of light flavor leaves were hay fragrance, clear sweet, green flavor, Rosa banksiae and spicy flavor, and clear sweet stands out of all.Main aroma note of middle flavor type were hay fragrance, Are sweet, Rosa banksiae and spicy flavor, and Are sweet stands out of all.Individualized differences were found in species and intensity of aroma note in different producing areas, especially in light flavor tobacco leaves, the intensity of clear sweet in Sanming city of Fujian province, Liangshan city of Sichuan province and Baoshan city of Yunnan province were stronger than in Weining and Qianxinan of Guizhou province, tobacco leaves in Yunnan province had the bean aroma note, while tobacco leaves in Weining and Qianxinan of Guizhou province had the spicy herbaceous flavor.

为探究不同香型烟叶香气前体物与感官评吸的关系,对贵州中烟8个原料基地72个C3F烟叶样品的糖类、烟碱、糖碱比、类胡萝卜素、多酚和非挥发性有机酸与感官评吸质量的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)不同香型烟叶香气前体物含量存在显著差异;浓香型烟叶表现出低糖、高碱、低糖碱比、低类胡萝卜素和多酚、高非挥发性有机酸的特点;清香型烟叶则具有高糖、高类胡萝卜素和多酚、低非挥发性有机酸的特点.(2)同一香型不同产地烟叶糖类和芸香苷含量没有显著差异.(3)烟叶香气前体物与感官评吸指标建立的多元回归方程表明:烟碱是对不同香型烟叶感官评吸影响最大的碱性成分,而苹果酸、柠檬酸和绿原酸是对不同香型烟叶感官评吸影响较大的酸性成分,说明烟碱与非挥发性有机酸和绿原酸能彼此中和达到协调时烟气感官评吸才会良好.

The dynamic changes of proteins, free amino acids and proline in tobacco strips from six producing areas located in three aging storehouses of Xingyi, Guiyang and Guiding, which belong to China Tobacco Guizhou Industrial Co., Ltd, were analyzed to study the patterns of changes of protein and free amino acid contents of tobacco strips under different storing conditions and from different producing areas. The results showed that: (1) During the aging process, the protein content of tobacco strips in different producing areas of three aging storehouses declined consistently. The content of free amino acids increased in the first 12 months of aging , then went down after 12 months of aging. (2) The free proline content increased consistently, and the changing pattern was different from that of free amino acids, suggesting that little of the free proline in tobacco strips was oxidized during the aging process. (3) During the 6th to 18th month of aging, there was significant change in the protein content of tobacco strips for strong flavor and middle flavor type, but not the tobacco strips of strong flavor type. During the aging process from 12 to 18 months, highly significant change in free amino acid content was observed in strong flavor type of tobacco strips. (4) Being affected by environmental temperature and humidity, the change in protein and free amino acid contents of tobacco strips in Xingyi storehouse was larger than that in Guiyang and Guiding, For tobacco strips stored in the same aging storehouse, significant difference of the extent to which protein and free amino acid decreased was observed between different tobacco producing areas. Thus, storing conditions had great compacts on protein and amino acid contents in tobacco strips during aging, and then affected the aging quality and profits of tobacco strips.

揭示不同香型烤烟风格特色形成与美拉德反应物的关系,为研究和开发更具特色的新型卷烟配方提供理论和试验依据.采用高效液相色谱仪、连续流动化学分析仪等现代仪器分析技术,测定分析了不同产地生产的不同香型烤烟中与感官评吸指标密切相关的芸香苷、还原糖、烟碱和脯氨酸等化学成分的含量,并从美拉德反应物的角度对数据进行了相关性分析.结果表明:(1)清香型和中间香型烤烟各部位烟叶的还原糖含量均极显著高于浓香型烟叶;(2)浓香型烤烟各部位烟叶的烟碱含量均显著高于清香型和中间香型烟叶;(3)清香型和中间香型C3F和X2F烟叶的芸香苷含量及B2F烟叶脯氨酸含量均高于浓香型烟叶;(4)相关分析结果表明,清香型和中间香型烤烟的还原糖、脯氨酸和芸香苷含量增加,有利于改善烟叶的香气质、香气量、柔和度及圆润感;但烟叶烟碱含量对感官评吸质量的影响存在两面性,清香型和浓香型烟叶烟碱含量过高或过低都会对感官评吸质量产生不利影响.

为了解不同产地烟叶特征香气物质含量的差异,采用GC/MS测定方法,对国内8个烤烟产地初烤烟叶样品的6类烟叶致香物质的含量进行检测,并对检测数据进行方差分析.结果表明:(1)不同产地烤烟中性致香物质的含量有一定的差异,烤烟香型相同的产地之间,其特征香气物质的含量没有明显的趋同性,但还是有规律可循.(2)清香型烤烟产地的烟叶表面分泌物降解产物、醇类香气物及其他香气物的含量高于浓香型和中间型烤烟产地的烟叶.(3)烟叶表面分泌物降解产物、醛类香气物及叶绿素降解物的含量,以清香型烤烟产地的威宁为最高,6类致香物质中威宁有3种含量为最高值,居8个产区之首.

印度梨形孢（Piriformospora indica）是分离自印度塔尔沙漠的植物根系内生真菌,能够诱导多种植物对生物和非生物逆境产生抗性,目前已作为一种模式真菌用于内生真菌与植物互作关系的研究。为了研究印度梨形孢对烟草（Nicotiana tobacum）抗黑胫病的影响,本研究采用烟草疫霉菌（Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae）分别接种根部有印度梨形孢定殖与未定殖的烟草,观察接种后根部有印度梨形孢定殖与未定殖的烟草发病情况,测定抗病相关防御酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）的活性变化及抗病相关基因的表达量,并通过平皿对峙试验研究印度梨形孢对烟草疫霉菌生长的影响。结果表明,接种烟草疫霉菌后,根部有印度梨形孢定殖的烟草发病严重度要显著低于对照;接种烟草疫霉菌后第1~10 d,根部有印度梨形孢定殖的烟草叶片中防御酶PAL、POD和PPO活性高于对照,在第1 d,PAL活性是对照烟草的3.99倍,在第2 d,POD活性是对照烟草的1.5倍,在第4 d,PPO活性是对照烟草的2.66倍;实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time quantitative PCR,q RT-PCR）结果显示,接种烟草疫霉菌后第6~96 h,根部有印度梨形孢定殖的烟草叶片中抗病相关基因PR1b、P450-2、hrs203J、Nm IMSP和P450-1的表达量高于对照;在第12 h,PR1b、P450-2、hrs203J的表达量分别是对照烟草的3.8、15.7和3.1倍,在第48 h,Nm IMSP的表达量是对照烟草的2.6倍,在第72 h,P450-1的表达量是对照烟草的1.5倍;平皿对峙试验结果显示印度梨形孢对烟草疫霉菌的生长没有抑制、重寄生作用。研究结果表明,印度梨形孢可显著提高烟草对黑胫病的抗性,对黑胫病的抗性不是通过印度梨形孢分泌的抗菌物质实现的,是与烟草中抗病相关基因表达量的上升、防御酶活性的提高有关。本研究初步揭示了印度梨形孢诱导烟草抗黑胫病的相关机理,为进一步深入研究烟草黑胫病的生物防治及其机理提供基础资料。

对贵州中烟工业公司在湖南、河南、云南、福建、贵州、四川6省8个基地72个C3F烟样的化学成分、营养元素和感官评吸质量进行了分析.结果表明:不同生态区烟叶化学成分差异显著,清香型、中偏清香型和中间香型烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量显著高于浓香型烟叶,而浓香型烟叶两糖比显著高于清香型、中偏清香型和中间香型烟叶,但总氮、氮碱比和糖碱比均低于清香型、中偏清香型和中间香型烟叶.不同生态区烟叶营养元素差异显著,贵州威宁烟叶铁含量异常高,湖南郴州和福建三明烟叶锌含量异常高,河南平顶山烟叶锰及氯含量异常高,云南保山烟叶铜及氯偏高,使这些产地烟叶感官评吸质量下降.采用感官评价指标体系建立的多元回归方程表明,与烟叶感官评吸质量指标关联较大的化学指标是两糖比、氮碱比、烟碱,其次为糖碱比和氯离子.

In order to study the effects of aging on the chemical components,smoking quality of tobacco in Guizhou,choose the representative mountainous bouquet and sweet-smell type as test materials,changes of leaf quality and style features was compared.The results showed that the nicotine content of tobacco in different styles and reducing sugar content decreased after aging;reducing sugar content of sweet-smel type after aging fell even more sharply,the nicotine content and reducing sugar content of tobacco were decreased in different style of tobacco;reducing sugar content decreased even more sharply,it's influenced on chemical components of upper leaves;aging can significantly improve the different styles of tobacco sensory quality, bouquet type is better than sweet-smell type tobacco,upper leaves is better than the middle leaves.

[Objective]The research aimed to measure available boron,zinc,molybdenum contents in soil and B,Zn,Mo contents in leaf samples. [Method]In 2012,the sampling and analysis-testing means were adopted,and tobacco-growing soil and tobacco leaf samples in Pingdingshan City,Yexian County,were collected. [Result]The areas of tobacco-planting soil boron deficiency in Yexian County was 42.86%. In Gong Dian,Ye Yi,Shui Zhai and Xian Tai,leaf boron deficiency was more serious. Tobacco-growing soil in Yexian County showed the extreme zinc deficiency condition,wherein,soil available Zn contents of Gong Dian,Ye Yi,Xia Li,Xian Tai,Long Quan,and Lian Cun were very little. Mo deficiency of Yexian County tobacco-planting soil was 28. 57%,and soil available molybdenum content in Hong Zhuang Yang and Lian Cun was the lowest. The average boron content in Yexian County tobacco was 27. 51 mg /kg,and the lowest boron content of tobacco leaves was in Deng Li. The average zinc content in Yexian County tobacco was 19. 11 mg /kg,and the lowest zinc content of tobacco leaves was in Hong Zhuang Yang,Shui Zhai and Ye Yi. The average molybdenum content in Yexian County tobacco was 0. 27 mg /kg. Among them,tobacco molybdenum content of Long Quan and Xia Li was the lowest. [Conclusion]The study had certain theoretical and practical significance for the reasonable application of trace element fertilizer to increase yield and quality of tobacco leaves in Yexian County flue-cured tobacco production.

In Ye county, Pingdingshan city, Henan province, a field plot experiment was carried out to study the effects of bo-ron ( B) , zinc ( Zn) and molybdenum ( Mo) fertilizer application ( basal application, spraying, single application or combined ap-plication) on the growth, yield and output value of tobacco leaves.The results indicated that spraying Zn fertilizer or combinedly ap-plying B+Zn+Mo fertilizer as base fertilizer could obviously promote the growth and development of tobacco plants.Both the basal application of Mo fertilizer and the spraying of Zn fertilizer had significant effect on the enhancement of middle-first-class tobacco leaf proportion.The basal application of B fertilizer, the combined basal application of B+Zn+Mo fertilizer, or the spraying of Zn fertilizer all were beneficial to the increase in the yield and output value of tobacco leaves.

特色优质烟叶的开发对于提升中式卷烟重点骨干品牌原料的安全保障能力、促进中式卷烟原料生产体系的快速发展具有重要的意义。以贵州省天柱县的“清香型”特色烟叶为研究对象，比较分析了天柱县的光、温、水、土资源和烟—稻两熟种植制度、特色品种推广应用、特色“早”栽技术开发等配套栽培技术措施在特色烟叶形成过程中的作用，并提出特色烟叶的开发应立足烟叶品质、市场需求和生态条件，同时做好关键栽培技术开发和品牌创立。

The compatibility between two tobacco leaves in typical middle part of plants from the main produ-cing areas in Guizhou Province was evaluated in the present work. The results showed that good and better to-bacco compatibility Combinations were BE、BF、AB、BC、A1 B3、A1 E3、B1 C3、B1 F3、C1 F3、E1 F3、A3 B1、A3 C1、A3 E1、A3 F1、B3 E1、B3 F1、C3 F1 . The region tobacco compatibility from high to low is F、B、A、E、C、D. The compatibility result suggests that the region compatibility with high sensory evaluation scores was not always good, while the region compatibility with low sensory evaluation scores was not always bad. Good com-patibility might be obtained through some changes in the mix proportion, by which the defect of single region could be made up for. Therefore, the high quality might be realized by the complementation two producing re-gions.

香味是衡量烟草质量的重要内容,而萜烯类化合物是烟草香味物质的重要组成部分.从植物和烟草中萜烯类化合物的种类及其分析方法等方面,对近年来国内外的研究结果进行了综述.针对萜烯类化合物的种类及其分析方法进行了归纳和比较,尤其是关于烤烟中萜烯类化合物的分离提取方法进行了详述,并展望了烤烟萜烯类化合物的研究意义和前景.

Main chemical components and sensory quality of 42 eco-organic tobacco samples from 6 grades and 7 production sites in Guizhou Province (Guiding, Xingyi, Tianzhu, Weining, Wuchuan, Daozhen, Zunyi) were analyzed to study relationship between main chemical components and sensory quality. The results showed that chemical components of samples of each production site were more coordination. Two sugar ratio substantially was in the appropriate range. The difference of the nicotine content between different areas was little and the nicotine and chlorine content of the upper part of leaf in the multi-region was lower. The sensory quality and tobacco comprehensive quality were better. The strength was declined, especially Zunyi, Daozhen and Wuchuan and the fragrance of the tobacco in Weining was more significant. The aroma quality, aroma quantity, flammability, gray, and smoking total score of the measured samples were highly significant negative correlation with the ratio of sugar to nicotine and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine. The biting taste was a significant positive correlation with total sugar and reducing sugar content.

We collected 10 types of tobacco organic fertilizer samples commonly used in tobacco -planting districts in middle Henan province, and studied and analyzed the differences in the compositions (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, or-ganic matter, pH, moisture, humic acid, organic acid, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mineral nutrition elements ) of dif-ferent types of organic fertilizer .The results indicated that: for total nitrogen , total phosphorus , total potassium , organic matter , pH, moisture content , humic acid content these basic indicators , the labelled value and determination value of vast majority of fertil-izer types had obvious differences;while for the medium and trace mineral nutrition element indicators , there was a certain differ-ence between the above two .