ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in blood pressure associated with IL-17A inhibition in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA).MethodsThis was a single-center, prospective, single-arm exploratory study that included 50 axSpA patients who received the IL-17A inhibitor Ixekizumab (160 mg loading dose at week 0, followed by 80 mg every 4 weeks for 12 weeks). Disease activity (ASDAS-CRP, ASDAS-ESR, BASDAI), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, IL-6), and blood pressure were monitored at baseline and every 4 weeks after treatment initiation. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze longitudinal changes in blood pressure.ResultsIL-17A inhibition significantly improved disease activity and reduced inflammatory marker levels (all p < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) all showed time-dependent decreases. Linear mixed-effects models estimated a reduction of 0.90 mmHg every 4 weeks for SBP (95% CI: -1.87 to 0.07, p = 0.071) and 0.91 mmHg per month for DBP (95% CI: -1.64 to -0.17, p = 0.016). Subgroup analysis showed that the rate of DBP decline was more pronounced in patients with baseline hypertension (n=36). After 12 weeks, SBP and DBP were decreased by 4.80 mmHg and 5.10 mmHg, respectively. No obvious side effects were observed in hematological, hepatic or renal function tests (both p < 0.01).ConclusionIn this exploratory pilot study, IL-17A inhibition was associated with effective control of disease activity and a concomitant, time-dependent reduction in blood pressure in patients with ax-SpA. Linear mixed-model analysis suggested this reduction was particularly evident for DBP in patients with baseline hypertension. These findings provide preliminary clinical evidence supporting further investigation into the potential cardiovascular modulatory effects of IL-17A-targeted therapy. However, the uncontrolled design necessitates confirmation in randomized trials.

The association between serum level of folate and length of hospital stay (LOS) remains unclear. Adult participants were retrospectively recruited from two teaching hospitals in Shanghai, China. Serum level of folate and vitamin C were measured within three days after hospital admission. LOS was defined as the interval between admission and discharge. Patients were classified into tertile groups based on serum level of folate to assess the association with LOS. We further re-analyzed the association between serum level of folate and LOS under different serum level of vitamin C (also divided into tertile groups). A total number of 9,645 patients were included. Each standard deviation (SD) increase in serum level of folate was associated with 0.41 d (95% CI: -0.73 d, -0.09 d) decrease in LOS in the crude model; however, it lost significance after full adjustment. Taken the interaction effect of vitamin C into consideration, serum level of folate was inversely associated with LOS in those whose serum level of vitamin C was higher than 41.6 μmol/L. Serum level of folate was inversely associated with LOS, but the association was limited to patient with high vitamin C level.

We aimed to evaluate the association between BMI and OS in patients with cancer by a combination of available evidence. Articles published from January 1st 2019 to June 1st 2024 were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Library. Cohort studies including adult patients (≥ 18 years), who were confirmed with cancer and followed for 12 months or more, and whose BMI measurements and OS were available, were included. We used both fixed and random-effects models to estimate overall hazard ratios (HRs) for OS. The primary outcome was OS. The exposure was BMI, which was further classified into four groups based on both WHO and Chinese criteria. The current meta-analysis included 36 studies, involving 123,913 cancer patients (56,951 men and 66,962 women, medium follow-up 41.3 months). Compared with cancer patients with normal weight, the estimated HRs of OS for underweight was 1.43 (95

Background Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) is a prognostic tool that combines an inflammatory marker [C-Reactive Protein (CRP)] with a nutritional marker (serum albumin). Yet, there is few published work on the reliability of GPS in patients with haematological cancer. Methods This is a retrospective single-centre study. All the participants (n = 1,621) were adult inpatients at Ren Ji Hospital between 2018 and 2022. The GPS (CRP < 10 mg/L and albumin ≥ 35 g/L = 0; CRP ≥ 10 mg/L and albumin < 35 g/L = 2; either CRP ≥ 10 mg/L or albumin < 35 g/L = 1) and a variety of biochemical variables were examined at admission and was obtained by reviewing the medical records. GPS = 0 were classified as low-risk while GPS = 2 as high-risk. Length of hospital stay (LOS) was defined as the interval between the admission and discharge date. Results 8.8% of patients were high-risk. GPS was associated with LOS (β = 2.7 d; 95% CI: 0.8 d, 4.6 d; p trend < 0.001) after adjustment of sex, age, type of diseases, BMI, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and fasting blood glucose. Each point of GPS was associated with 1.9 days (95% CI: 1.4 d, 2.4 d) longer in LOS with full adjustment. The association was more prominent in younger patients (< 65 y), patients with leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, and those with normal body weight status (18.5–24 kg/m2), compared with their counterparts. Conclusion GPS was associated with LOS in Chinese patients with haematological cancer, indicating GPS could be a useful assessment tool to predict outcome.

Abstract Background Data is limited on the prevalence of hypophosphatemia in general hospitalized patients, and its association with length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality remained unclear. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of admission phosphate abnormality and the association between serum phosphate level and length of hospital stay and all-cause mortality in adult patients. Methods This was a multi-center retrospective study based on real-world data. Participants were classified into five groups according to serum phosphate level (inorganic phosphorus, iP) within 48 h after admission: G1, iP < 0.64 mmol/L; G2, iP 0.64–0.8 mmol/L; G3, iP 0.8–1.16 mmol/L; G4, iP 1.16–1.45 mmol/L; and G5, iP ≥ 1.45 mmol/L, respectively. Both LOS and in-hospital mortality were considered as outcomes. Clinical information, including age, sex, primary diagnosis, co-morbidity, and phosphate-metabolism related parameters, were also abstracted from medical records. Results A total number of 23,479 adult patients (14,073 males and 9,406 females, aged 57.7 ± 16.8 y) were included in the study. The prevalence of hypophosphatemia was 4.74%. An “L-shaped” non-linear association was determined between serum phosphate level and LOS and the inflection point was 1.16 mmol/L in serum phosphate level. Compared with patients in G4, patients in G1, G2 or G3 were significantly associated with longer LOS after full adjustment of covariates. Each 0.1 mmol/L decrease in serum phosphate level to the left side of the inflection point led to 0.64 days increase in LOS [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.81; p for trend < 0.001]. But there was no association between serum phosphate and LOS where serum levels of phosphate ≥ 1.16 mmol/L. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that adjusted all-cause in-hospital mortality was 3.08-fold greater in patients in G1 than those in G4 (95% CI: 1.52, 6.25; p for trend = 0.001). Similarly, no significant association with either LOS or mortality were found in patients in G5, comparing with G4. Conclusions Hypophosphatemia, but not hyperphosphatemia, was associated with LOS and all-cause mortality in adult inpatients. It is meaningful to monitor serum levels of phosphate to facilitate early diagnosis and intervention.

Objective. The association between vitamin D status and inflammation remains unclear in hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods. We performed the current study based on real-world data from two teaching hospitals. Serum level of vitamin D (assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D) was evaluated within 2 days after admission. All the patients were further classified into three groups: deficiency (<12 ng/mL), insufficiency (12–20 ng/mL), and adequate (≥20 ng/mL). White blood cell (WBC) count, serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin were also measured and used to evaluate inflammation. Other potential covariates were abstracted from medical records. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was calculated to assess the severity of disease. Results. A total number of 35,528 hospitalized adult patients (21,171 men and 14,357 women) were included. The average age and BMI were 57.5 ± 16.2 years and 23.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2, respectively, while medium vitamin D level was 16.1 ng/mL (interquartile range: 11.4 ng/mL, 21.6 ng/mL) and median CCI was one point (interquartile range: 0 point, two points). The prevalence of deficiency and insufficiency was 28.0% and 40.5%. Multivariate linear regression model showed that serum level of vitamin D was significantly associated with WBC and CRP but not associated with procalcitonin. Each standard deviation (≈7.4 ng/mL) increase in vitamin D was associated with a decrease in WBC by 0.13 × 109/mL (95% CI: 0.2 × 109/mL, 0.06 × 109/mL) and 0.62 mg/L (95% CI: 0.88 mg/L, 0.37 mg/L) for CRP. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis (excluding those whose eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, those whose daily calorie intake <1,000 kcal, and those who were recruited from Xin Hua hospital) generated similar results. Conclusions. The deficiency and insufficiency of vitamin D in the hospitalized adult patients was very common. However, the results should be interpreted with caution for limited representation of the whole inpatients. Low level of vitamin D was associated with inflammatory biomarkers, which provide the evidences to early intervention for lower the risk of infection.

Background and aims: We aimed to examine the association between nutritional status, assessed by height/length and body weight for age and sex, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia in children underwent liver transplantation. Methods: Nutritional status was determined by total score of age- and sex-specific height/length and body weight: <(-2 SD) as "2 points", (-2 SD to -1 SD) as "1 point", and >= (-1SD) as "0 point". Children were further classified into three groups: malnutrition (4 points), risk of malnutrition (1-3 points), and normal (0 point). EBV viremia were confirmed by real time quantitative PCR method if EBV burden was >= 400 copies/ml. Results: A total number of 896 children (414 boys and 482 girls, medium age 8 months) were included in the study. The medium height was 65.0 cm while medium body weight was 7.0 kg. The prevalence of EBV viremia was 54.6% during follow up. Comparing with children with normal nutritional status, the adjusted odds ratios for the risk of EBV viremia was 2.14 (95% CI: 1.44, 3.19) in children with risk of malnutrition, and 2.29 (95% CI: 1.54, 3.40) in children with malnutrition. Each point increase of nutritional score was associated with a 21% higher risk of EBV viremia (odd ratios = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.34) in fully adjusted model. Conclusions: Nutritional score was associated with EBV viremia in children underwent liver transplantation. (c) 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hypophosphatemia might cause respiratory and heart failure and even death. We aimed to evaluate risk factors for hypophosphatemia and refeeding-related hypophosphatemia in patients requiring parental nutrition (PN). This was a single-center, retrospective study. Clinical parameters were obtained from medical records. Serum phosphate (inorganic phosphorus) was measured by photometric analysis. Hypophosphatemia was confirmed when serum phosphate level was less than 0.8 mmol/L (≈2.5 mg/dl). Refeeding related hypophosphatemia was confirmed if serum phosphate level had a decrease of 0.16 mmol/L or more from baseline and if the final assessment was below 0.65 mmol/L. A total number of 655 (426 men and 229 women, aged 62.8 ± 14.8 years) hospitalized patients requiring PN were included in the study, and 60.6% of them were patients with cancer. The average body mass index (BMI) was 21.1 ± 4.1 kg/m2 and the median of serum phosphate was 0.9 mmol/L (quartile range: 0.68 mmol/L, 1.11 mmol/L). The prevalence of hypophosphatemia was 37.6% (246/655). Older age (≥ 65 years vs. < 65 years), lower serum level of pre-albumin (< 160 mg/L vs. ≥ 160 mg/L), calcium (< 2.11 mmol/L vs. ≥ 2.11 mmol/L), and magnesium (< 0.75 mmol/L vs. ≥ 0.75 mmol/L) were associated with high risk of hypophosphatemia by multivariate logistic regression (OR ranged from 1.43 to 3.06, all p < 0.05). Refeeding related hypophosphatemia was 9.5% (16/168). Serum level of calcium at baseline was significantly lower in participants with refeeding related hypophosphatemia than those without it. Total calorie and nitrogen delivered during first week of PN period showed no obvious difference between patients with and without refeeding related hypophosphatemia. Hypophosphatemia is common (37.6%) in hospitalized patients requiring PN. Monitoring of serum level of phosphorus is necessary to facilitate early treatment of hypophosphatemia.

Existing evidence has indicated a role of inflammation in the development of carotid artery plaque (CAP). We thus evaluated the association between inflammation and CAP in a population with normal body weight and metabolically healthy status. A total of 8050 normal-body-weight and metabolically healthy participants (2613 men and 5437 women, aged 40.5 ± 11.3 y) were included in this study. Inflammatory status was evaluated by three parameters: serum hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), WBC (white blood cell) count, and NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). CAP was detected by ultrasound B-mode imaging. Clinical data were abstracted from medical records. Metabolically healthy status was defined as no history of metabolic diseases and normal blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, hemoglobin A1c level, lipid profile, and liver ultrasonographic findings. The serum level of hs-CRP, but not WBC or NLR, was associated with the risk of CAP after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, lipid profile, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. The adjusted odds ratio for the risk of CAP was 2.71 (1.64, 4.46) for participants with a high level of hs-CRP (≥3 mg/L), compared with those with a low level (<1 mg/L). Each unit increase in hs-CRP was associated with a 24% higher risk of CAP (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.37). Inflammation was associated with the risk of CAP even in individuals with a normal body weight and metabolically healthy status.

Background and objective Patients on parenteral nutrition (PN) are at high risk of both liver and pancreatic injury. More efforts were focused on liver, however, limited data is available to evaluate the effects of PN on pancreas. Thus, we performed a retrospective observational study to evaluate the association between PN and pancreatic injury in Chinese adult patients. Methods Adult patients (18–80 years), who received PN for a week or longer, and with repeated measurements of pancreatic enzymes, were included in the analysis. Pancreatic injury was confirmed by serum level of pancreatic amylase (P-AMYwas 53 U/L or higher) or lipase (LP was 63 U/L or higher), which were evaluated at baseline and following every week during PN duration. Age, sex, body weight, height, diagnosis of diseases, history of diseases, surgery, white blood cell, c-reactive protein, liver and renal function, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, and daily energy supplied by PN and enteral nutrition were abstracted from medical records. Results A total number of 190 adult patients (125 men, 65 women) were included in the study. The average age and BMI were 61.8 ± 13.0 years and 21.7±3.3 kg/m 2 , while medium serum level of P-AMY and LP were 29.0 U/L (quartile range: 18.0, 47.0) and 33.0 U/L (quartile range: 19.0, 58.0), respectively at baseline. The median duration of PN was 15 days (quartile range: 11.0, 21.0). The prevalence of pancreatic injury was 42.1% (80/190) while it was 28.4% (54/190), 43.3% (77/178), 47.8% (44/92) after one-, two-, and three-week or longer PN adminstration. The proportion of daily energy supplement by PN (OR = 3.77, 95%CI: 1.87, 7.61) and history of infection were positively (OR = 3.00, 95%CI: 1.23, 7.36), while disease history for diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.98) and cancer (OR = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.95), were negetively associated with pancreatic injury. Total bile acids were associated with the increment of P-AMY (beta = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.39, 1.56) and LP (beta = 2.55, 95%CI: 0.98, 4.12) by multi-variate linear regression. Conclusion PN was associated with pancreatic injury, as demonstrated by the increase of both serum P-AMY and LP.

目的 分析喂养方式与儿童期肥胖的关系.方法 检索1998年至2018年在重庆维普、万方、中国期刊全文数据库、百度学术、PubMed、Cochrane公开发表的相关研究文献,语言限定为中文和英文.结果 共检索文献1739篇,纳入21篇文献作为本次研究的主要证据,其中6篇系统性综述和15篇观察性研究,采用问卷调查评估父母喂养方式.前瞻性研究均未发现父母喂养方式与儿童肥胖存在直接相关性.父母的压力性喂养及支配性喂养对儿童体重影响结果不一.非顺应性喂养方式可能通过影响儿童不良饮食行为,间接影响儿童体重,长期影响情况不确定.家庭环境、父母的认知和信念等都会影响研究结论.目前中国人群研究较少,缺乏足够证据支持父母喂养方式与中国儿童肥胖存在直接相关性.结论 顺应性喂养有助于改善儿童饮食偏好及饮食行为,但需要更多针对中国儿童相关社会背景的研究.

目的 研究出生体质量与体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、腰围和体脂肪含量之间的关系.方法 采用回顾性横断面研究方法收集上海市浦东新区高行镇2561例学生为研究对象其中男生1338人,女生1223人.采集身高、体质量、腰围和体脂肪含量(生物电阻抗法)指标.出生体质量依据出生证明获得.出生后喂养情况、儿童每天运动时间、每月快餐次数、每周加工肉类、油炸食品、碳酸饮料频次、父母教育程度采用问卷调查获得.出生体质量与BMI腰围和体脂肪含量的关系采用广义线性模型,出生体质量与肥胖发生危险因素的关系采用多元Logistic回归分析.结果 本组学生平均出生体质量为(3339.1±450.2)g,平均年龄为(9.2±2.1)岁.随着出生体质量增加,学生BMI、腰围和体脂肪含量也明显增加(均有P<0.001).每单位SD(≈450 g)出生体质量增长,可导致BMI增长0.25 kg/m2、腰围增长0.66 cm、体脂肪含量增加0.23个百分点.与出生体质量处于第一四分位组的学生相比较,出生体质量位于最高百分位组学生发生肥胖的危险因素增加42％(OR=1.42,95％CI为1.05～1.92).结论 出生体质量较高的儿童其BMI和腰围明显高于出生体质量较低的儿童.高出生体质量是肥胖发生的危险因素之一.

We evaluated the association between parental factors (overweight, history of hypertension, and education level) and children’s blood pressure status. Further, we evaluated to what extent the potential association could be interpreted by children’s adiposity indices. The current study included 3316 Chinese school students (1579 girls and 1737 boys, aged 6–14 years) and their parents. Parents reported information on their height, body weight, history of hypertension, and the highest education level. Trained medical staff measured children’s blood pressure, height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), and percentage of body fat (PBF, assessed by bio-impedance method). Z-score of all three indices were calculated and used in the analysis. We used generalized linear model to evaluate the association between parental information and z-score of children’s blood pressure. Meditation analysis was used to evaluate the proportion contributed by z-score of children’s adiposity indices (BMI, WC, and PBF). We found that parental overweight and hypertension, but not parental education level, were significantly associated with children’s systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05 for all). Approximately 30.4–92.2% of the association between these two parental factors and children’s systolic blood pressure were mediated by children’s adiposity indices, and 22.3–55.6% for children’s diastolic blood pressure. The strongest meditative factor, among the three obesity indices, was children’s BMI z-score. The association between parental factors and children’s blood pressure was mainly mediated by children’s adiposity indices.

在众多的海鲜产品中,海虾绝对是佼佼者.和鱼肉、禽肉相比,海虾脂肪含量少,属于高蛋白、低脂肪的食物,且肉质松软、易消化,对于患脂肪肝和需减肥的人来说,非常适合食用海虾.而且,海虾中富含多种维生素和矿物质,如:钾、碘、镁、磷、硒、维生素A等,还有能降低人体血清胆固醇的牛磺酸和氨茶碱等成分,对于身体抗氧化、抗衰老、防肿瘤都有一定的好处.海虾的烹饪方法简单,能做成多种佳肴.最简单的吃法是白煮海虾:把虾洗干净;锅烧开水,把虾放进去,切几片姜去腥;煮大概三四分钟就可以出锅开吃了.

Abstract Selenium (Se) has been suggested to be beneficial to obesity development. However, limited studies have evaluated the association between Se and childhood obesity and the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to examine the association of Se levels with obesity in children in a cross-sectional study. A total of 62 obese (21 girls) and 65 normal-weight children (27 girls) aged 7 to 13 years were recruited in Shanghai, China. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ its 95th age- and sex-specific percentile for children. Participant demographic data and parental information were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Se concentration in fingernail clippings was quantified using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average age was 10.9 years (standard deviation = 1.0) and the mean BMI was 21.2 kg/m2 (standard deviation = 5.0). Fingernail Se levels were relatively higher among normal-weight children as compared with obese participants, though the difference was not statistically significant (P = .79). Se levels were inversely associated with the risk of childhood obesity after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.24 (0.07–0.84) comparing participants in the highest with those who in the lowest tertile of Se levels (Plinear-trend = .03). Our study supported an inverse association between fingernail Se levels and the risk of obesity in Chinese children. Data generated from the present study are useful for designing future prospective cohort studies and/or randomized clinical trials.

目的 探讨儿童青少年体脂肪含量与高血压的关系.方法 采用横断面研究方法纳入5144名6~13岁学生(男2649名、女2495名)为研究对象;采集身高、体质量、血压,以生物电阻抗法检测体脂肪含量;以收缩压或舒张压任一项高于同年龄同性别血压P95为高血压.采用ROC曲线分析体脂肪含量预测高血压的切点值;以多因素logistic回归分析体脂肪含量对高血压的影响.男生体脂肪含量分布以10岁年龄组为高峰,而女生体脂肪含量分布则与年龄增长一致.男生和女生体脂肪含量预测高血压的切点值分别为18.0%和18.8%.控制年龄、性别、身高和体质量,男生体脂肪含量高于该预测切点值,则高血压风险增加51%(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.04~2.07);女生体脂肪含量超过切点值,则高血压风险增加53%(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.00~2.34).体脂肪含量预测男生高血压的效能[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.649]低于BMI(AUC=0.695),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);体脂肪含量预测女生高血压的效能(AUC=0.644)与BMI(AUC=0.650)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 男生和女生体脂肪含量预测高血压的切点值分别为18.0%和18.8%.BMI预测儿童高血压时仍优于体脂肪含量.

Previous studies have reported that a high free fat mass (FFM) was associated with elevated blood pressure in children. However, the observed relationship could be confounded by body weight. Thus, we performed cross-sectional analyses to understand the differences between the percentage of free fat mass (FFM%) and FFM in relation to blood pressure in healthy Chinese children. A total number of 2671 (1264 girls; aged 6–14 years) healthy Chinese children was recruited in 2014 (baseline). We further prospectively examined whether these indices predicted hypertension risk during the 2 years of follow-up (2014–2016) among 2094 participants who were free of hypertension at the baseline. Blood pressure was repeatedly measured in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Hypertension was defined as either high systolic blood pressure and/or high diastolic blood pressure (≥age- and sex-specific 95th percentile for Chinese children). The baseline FFM was assessed by bio-impedance analysis, and FFM% was calculated as FFM divided by the body weight. A high FFM was associated with a high baseline blood pressure and high hypertension risk after adjustment for potential confounders (all p < 0.001). By contrast, a high FFM% was associated with a low baseline blood pressure and low hypertension risk in the fully adjusted model (all p < 0.001). Each one-percent increment of FFM% was associated with a 9% lower risk of developing hypertension (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.94). A high FFM% was associated with a low blood pressure and low hypertension risk in healthy Chinese children.

Objective To evaluate the impact of total parenteral nutrition(TPN)on nutrition status and inflammatory markers in hospitalized fasted patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Methods A retrospective study was performed and 82 hospitalized fasted IBD patients [male/female=58/24,(39.4±14.5)years] who received TPN entered the study.Among them,38 patients had ulcerative colitis(UC)and 44 patients suffered from Crohn`s disease(CD).Clinical data(gender,age,duration of disease,history of disease,prednisone,immuno-suppressor,and antibiotics)were obtained from medical records.Nutritional parameters,C-creative protein(CRP),and erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)before and after TPN were also obtained.Average caloric supplementation by TPN was(4 437.3±1 199.1)kJ/d and the nitrogen amount was(9.9±1.7)g/d.Median PN length was 15 days(7-54 days).67 IBD patients received a TPN formula with glutamine(≥14 d,25 patients vs.0-14 d,42 patients)and 15 IBD subjects received TPN without glutamine.Malnutrition was diagnosed by body mass index(BMI)and serum albumin level.Results The prevalence of undernutrition was 90.2％(74/82)in the study population.CD patients had a significantly longer history of disease [84(3-288)months vs.24(1-324)months,P<0.001] and a significantly lower BMI [(15.6±1.8)kg/m2 vs.(19.1±3.5)kg/m2,P<0.001] compared with those in UC patients.TPN improved nutritional parameters [serum albumin:(28.7±6.6)g/L before TPN vs.(31.7±5.8)g/L after TPN,P<0.001;pre-albumin:(174.1±85.5)mg/L before TPN vs.(227.2±82.8)mg/L after TPN,P<0.001].Conclusions TPN improves nutritional status in hospitalized fasted IBD patients.However,prospective randomized controlled trials are required to estimate the role of low-to-middle dosage of glutamine in IBD patients.

Objective·To evaluate the impact of one-child on body mass index (BMI), and percentage of body fat in primary school students. Methods·All the sample was recruited from 5 elementary schools in Gaohang Town, Shanghai, China. The baseline data of height, body weight, and percentage of body fat was obtained in 2013, and re-measured in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Birth weight, breast feeding, diet and time for physical activities of each children and the highest education level, height, and body weight of their parents were also collected by a self-completed questionnaire. Logistic regression and Mix model was used to analyze the relationship between one-child and BMI, BMI-Z score, and percentage of body fat. Results·A total number of 2515 (1323 boys and 1192 girls) primary school students completed the study and entered the analysis. The percent of one child in this study population was 72.0％ (1812/2515). BMI-Z score, time for physical activities, parental education level, and maternal BMI were higher, while the rate of breast feeding was lower in one-child group compared to non-one-child group. The results of Logistic regression showed boys (compared to girls), macrosomia ( ≥4000g vs normal birth weight), overweight father and mother (compared to normal BMI) were risk factors for overweight. The factor of one-child didn't increase the risk of overweight (OR=1.119, 95％ CI 0.911-1.374). After potential con-founders adjusted, the annual increase of BMI (β=0.028, 95％ CI -0.045-0.100), BMI-Z score (β=0.002, 95％CI -0.034-0.037) and percentage of body fat (β=0.013, 95％ CI -0.181-0.207) showed no obvious difference between the two groups. Conclusion·One-child factor showed no obvious relationship with BMI, BMI-Z score and percentage of body fat in primary school students.

第一梯队: 牛奶、黄豆、芝麻、燕麦 这些食物都富含优质蛋白质.蛋白质是构成大脑的重要物质,参与脑细胞的代谢,以及神经传导和信息传递,对大脑的生长发育、脑功能的正常发挥都具有重要作用.而构成蛋白质的氨基酸主要有色氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸等,适当补充氨基酸也有必要,豆类和谷物类正是氢基酸含量的佼佼者.