儿童青少年近视防控是"实施健康中国战略"的重要内容,也是事关千家万户的民生工程.近年来,我国儿童青少年近视发病率呈现逐年上升的高发态势,党和国家领导人对此高度重视,强调这是一个关乎国家和民族未来的大问题,不能任其发展.近视防控不只是医学问题,而是一项复杂的系统工程,需要在多元化、多主体协同治理中探索.儿童青少年近视防控的"温州模式",从单元主体转向多元主体协同治理,构建以政府、学校、家庭、医疗科研机构、儿童青少年等多元主体的治理逻辑,采取了一系列科学、有效的防控措施,形成了多元主体各司其责、良性互动的系统闭环治理格局,富有成效,并在全省乃至全国多地不断复制推广,具有显著的理论探索与实践创新意义.

校友文化是大学校园文化的重要组成部分,是激励大学生成长成才的力量源泉,是创建"双一流"大学的重要文化基础.从文化解析的视角来看,校友文化具有独特的内涵特质和外化形态.我国大学重视富有国情、校情特色的校友文化建设,但也存在着母校与校友的关系联动有待增强、优质校友资源的挖掘有待深入、校友文化的影响力有待提升等问题.建设大学校友文化,要抓好情感文化、共同体文化、大师文化、环境文化、反哺文化的培育,形成大学校友文化培育的多方合力.

Objective: Through the research emergency disposal of our country public health emergency of SARS and H7N9 avian lfu, public health emergency disposal in our county is evaluated.Methods: The core elements of emergency SARS and H7N9 avian lfu were compared and analyzed.Results: From SARS to H7N9 the core elements of the emergency response command, information transfer and treatment of cooperation in public health emergencies of emergency disposal had made progress, but there were some questions, such as the lack of uniifed coordination agency and executive force, delay of information transmission.Conclusion: Under the condition of rapid economic development, increasingly serious environmental problems, the mode that tem-porary emergency command center is given priority and cooperate with other departments is facing serious chal-lenges, so we need to face problems, raise awareness, so that we can establish a perfect public health emergency disposal.

近代西方医学进入温州后，逐步改变温州原有医药模式，也改变了中医的诊疗和教育模式。在西学东渐的大背景下，温州中西医学相契相生，不断成长，加之近代温州医药人才开放的态度和包容的胸怀，翻开了近代温州医学的新篇章，打开了温州迈向真正意义上的现代医学的大门。本文就近代温州医学在中西医疗机构、中西医学教育机构及中西医药行业这三个方面的发展情况进行比较。

Blyth hospital was the earliest church hospital established by western missionaries in Wenzhou, since then, western medicine had been introduced into Wenzhou. The establishment and development of Blyth hospital greatly accelerated the development of Wenzhou local medical and health work so that the health level of the Wenzhou people improved. The objectives, pattern, experience and characteristics of the establishment of the hospital played a certain revelatory role in modern medical work and medical education.

目的探讨L-精氨酸(Arg)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠一氧化氮(NO)-环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)信号通路的调控作用。方法给大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素制备DM模型,随机分为DM组、L-Arg治疗组及正常对照组;用药12w末处死大鼠,测定3组大鼠血糖、胰岛素含量以及血浆、心肌、肾脏、睾丸组织中NO、cGMP含量和NOS活性。结果DM组大鼠血糖含量较正常对照组显著升高(P<0.01),而胰岛素水平(P<0.01)及血浆、心肌、肾脏、睾丸组织NO水平(分别P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01)和血浆、心肌、睾丸组织cGMP含量(分别P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05)及血浆、肾脏、睾丸组织一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性(分别P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05)均较正常对照组明显降低;L-Arg可明显降低DM大鼠血糖水平(P<0.01),增加胰岛素含量(P<0.01),同时显著增加血浆、心肌、肾脏、睾丸组织NO水平和血浆、心肌、睾丸组织cGMP含量及血浆、睾丸组织NOS活性(均P<0.01)。结论DM大鼠NO-cGMP信号通路存在缺陷,L-Arg对DM大鼠NO-cGMP信号通路具有调控作用。

Objective:To sexplore the anti-tumor activity to Hela,SW480 and A549 and the growth regulative activitiy to radishes of amphibrya besides corns of dicotyledon of the target compound γ(-N- p-methylphenylsulfonyl)aminopropyl-3,7,10-trimethyl-2,8,9-trioxa-5-aza1-1- silicontricyclo[3,3,3,01,5] Undecanes. Methods:The concentration of the compound was prepared as 20,100,200μg·ml-1 using culture media. The anti-tumor activity to Hela,SW480 and A549 was analyzed with MTT method. The concentration of the compound was prepared as 10,50,100 ppm using water. Plating method test was used to examine its growth regulative activity on radishes of amphibrya and corns of dicotyledon. Results:The target compound showed good inhibition ratio in vitro and the inhibition ratio depended on the cconcentration. The inhibition ratio to SW480 was the highest. The result of the plating method test showed that it could promote plants to grow well and the effect was best under the 50 ppm concentration. Conclusion:The target compound shows antitumor activity and can promote plants growth.

Objective:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of L-arginine (L-Arg) on preventing and treating sciatic nerve injury of experimental diabetic rats. Methods:The diabetes mellitus(DM) rats models were made by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight), and three groups, including normal control group( NC group), DM group, L-Arg treatment group (L-Arg group) were allocated at random. After the supplementation of L-Arg (300 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. The nitric oxide (NO) content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in serum and sciatic nerve, plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) content were determined. The activities of Ca2+-ATPase, Na+-K+-ATPase and the mRNA expression level of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and aldose reductase (AR) of sciatic nerve also were measured. Results:The NO content and NOS activity in serum and sciatic nerve, plasma CGRP content, and Ca2+-ATPase, Na+-K+-ATPase activities and nNOS mRNA expression level in sciatic nerve of DM group were significantly lower than those of NC group (P<0.01 or P<0.05 respectively), but plasma ET-1 content and AR mRNA expression level in sciatic nerve were significantly higher than those ofNC group (P<0.01 respectively). But in L-Arg group, the above changes were reversed, there were significant differences compared with those of the DM group (P<0.01 or P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion:L-Arg plays preventive and remedial roles in diabetic sciatic nerve injury. Improving the level blood supplying and inhibiting polyol metabolic pathway may be its mechanisms.

<正>医学科研中采用动物实验,可以把很多人体上非常复杂的问题简单化,可以进行各种因素的细微探讨,而这是临床研究难于做到的。医学研究发展至今,一些工作都要在动物身上进行实验。医学的发展不能单纯地依靠临床经验的积累,在以住的中医中药研究过程中,没有充分利用动物实验是其在某些重要方面的发展落后于近代

<正>行政事业单位国有资产,是指属国家所有,由行政事业单位占有、使用,能以货币计量的各种经济资源的总和。是国家政权建设不可缺少的物质基础,它们分布在行政管理、公检司法、科研教育、文化卫生和部队等各个系统,加强国有资产管理,建立适应市场经济发展要求的新型社会主义管理体制和运行机制,是我国经济体制改革的重要内容。如何管好,用好这些资产,对国家政权的建设和深化经济体制改革都有着十分重要的意义。

Objective To investigate the effects of lentinan (LNT) on lipid peroxidation and NO level in brain tissues of diabetic rats. Methods Twenty nine male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group(n=10), diabetic group(n=10) and LNT treatment group(n=9). The morphological changes of brain tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) in the brain tissues were assayed by spectophotometer, respectivly. Results Cerebral edema, encephalomalacia,demyelination in the white matter were observed by histopathology. Swelling and criste loss of mitochondria in neurons and neuroglial cells, demyelination of nerve fibers and vascular endothelial cell damages were seen by electron microscopy. The activities of SOD in diabetic brain tissues was decreased; but the activities of NOS and content of NO increased in comparison with those of control group. After treatment with LNT, the activities of SOD were increased and NOS activity, content of NO and MDA were decreased in comparison with those in diabetic rats. Conclusion LNT possesses effects on prevention of brain tissue damages in diabetic rats by enhancement of anti oxidation activities and reduction of NO level.

To reveal the effects and mechanism of stress on metabolism of trace element in vivo,80 SD rats of 28 days old were divided into 4 groups at random,mamely feeding water group,low coper group(LCu),moderate copper group(MCu),and high copper group(HCu),feeding the four groups with deionized water lower,mod,and higher dose of copper respectively by intragastric administration for 3 weeks.Every group was randomly divided into ambient temperature contrasting groups and cold stress groups. Then observe and analyze concentration of serum copper and serum zinc,activity of superoside dismutase(SOD),reduced glutathionc(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)of every group.The results showed that higher copper administration had not marked effects on the growth of clear SD rats.Serum copper/zinc ratio was not significantly changed.However,appropriate copper administration overly elevated activity of SOD and level of GSH.Serum copper decreased and serum zinc increased after the rats were disposed with cold stress.At the same time,SOD was consumed and level of GSH was notably heightened.Thus these results indicated that cold stress can change rats' metabolism of copper and zinc,activity of SOD and level of GSH,and appropriate administration of copper may make positive physiological effects in stress state.

Objective To explore the effects and possible mechanism of copper pre-admin- istration on stress ulcer. Methods: 80 SD rats of 28 days old were divided into 4 groups at random, namely feeding water group, low copper group (LC), moderate copper group (MC), and high copper group (HC), feeding the four groups with deionized water, lower, moderate, and higher dose of copper respectively by intragastric administration for 3 weeks. Each group was randomly divided into ambient temperature contrasting groups and cold stress groups. The rats in the cold stress groups suffered from induced gastric ulcer. Gastric mucosa ulcer index, concentration of serum copper and serum zinc, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed and analyzed for each group. Results: ① The concentration of serum zinc of cold stress groups was markedly higher than that of ambient temperature contrasting groups. The concentration of serum copper in LC group, MC group of cold stress groups were slightly lower, and HC group slightly higher than that of ambient temperature contrasting groups. ② Gastric mucosa ulcer index of cold stress group was rising in the following order: Feeding water group; LC group; MC group and HC group. The gastric mucosa ulcer index was significantly degraded in the HC group compared to in the feeding water group. ③Compared to ambient temperature groups, activity of SOD in all cold stress groups decreased, especially in the MC group and LC group (P0.01). Content of GSH in all cold stress groups was greatly heightened and content of MDA in all cold stress groups was slightly increased. By comparison between each group, in the feeding water group was the highest and MC group was the lowest, the difference between two groups was significant. Conclusion: Cold stress can affect the ratio of Cu/Zn in serum, and appropriate copper administration can be protective against gastric ulcer. The mechanism of this function is potentially that copper enhances the activity of SOD and increases the content of GSH, accordingly this promotes the capability to clean free radicals in the organism.

Objective To investigate the gender difference and potential mechanism of stress gastric ulcer in rats. Methods Fourty male and 40 female SD rats about 200-220 g were randomly divided into cold stress group (20 rats) and room temperature control group (20 rats) according to gender respectively. Rats of cold stress groups were afflicted gastric ulcer by cold stress method. Then the gastric ulcer index was compared between cold stress group of male and female groups, meanwhile the concentration of serum copper and zinc, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in every group were determined and analyzed. Results The gastric ulcer index in male group was significant higher than that in female group. Concentration of serum zinc upgraded and serum copper decreased after cold stress (P0.05 or P0.01) and the serum copper of male group was more reduced(P0.05) . Activity of SOD in serum of both genders were decreased significantly (P0.01), and the male group was even more reduced (P0.01). Content of GSH in serum of both genders were increased overtly (P0.01). Conclusion The rat's gender have some effects on gastric ulcer of rats. Cold stress provokes copper and zinc re-distribution in vivo and free radical cleaning system differential priming response in two genders are part of the possible inherent mechanism of sexual difference in stress gastric ulcer.

实验动物广泛应用于医学、药学、生物、畜牧兽医等领域,其质量将直接影响到科学研究的结果和药品生产的质量.微生物和寄生虫的控制水平是其质量高低及标准化程度的重要标志之一.要保证实验动物的微生物和寄生虫的控制质量,必须对实验动物进行一定程序的定期检测.

AIM: To clarify the differences of ototoxicity and pharmacokinetics of gentamycin between infant and adult guinea pigs with therapeutic doses equal to clinical doses and its causes. METHODS: There were 35 guinea pigs in each infant or adult group. Seven guinea pigs in each group were used as control. Gentamycin was intramuscularly injected at a dose of 15 000 U·kg -1 (adult) or 20 000 U·kg -1 (infant) once a day for 14 days, which was equal to the clinical therapeutic dose. 7 guinea pigs in each group were sacrificed for histological and scanning electron microscopic examination of cochlea on the day after 5, 7, 10 and 14 days of drug administration, as well as on 28th day. Pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated in all by HPLC. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters were compatible with the model of two compartments in all age groups. There were no significant difference in the peak level and peak time between the groups. The blood levels of gentamycin after daily administration in infant guinea pigs were predominantly higher than those in adult groups, and were increased markedly since 14th day. These results indicated that there was an increased accumulation of gentamycin in infant guinea pigs. In histological examination of cochlea, many stereocilia were found lie down or disappear and a number of outer hair cells were found disappeared on 7th day in infant group on scanning electron microscopy while on 10th day in adult group. Microscopic observation showed that more hair cells were absent in neonatal group than in infant and adult groups after 10th day. The hair cell absence was more obvious in infant group than in adult group. The severity of cochlea damage became worse with a prolonged course of gentamycin administration. Continuous damage was observed within 2 weeks after the drug administration in two groups. CONCLUSION: A close attention should be paid to the danger of ototoxocity caused by aminoglycosides in children even they are administrated at a dose recommended by pharmacopeia and for a regular course.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginseng extract as the immune adjuvant in increasing immune function to B lymphocyte. Methods: The guinea pigs were immunized with the different dosage of ginseng extract-mixed with bacterial antigen, and the serum IgG content in different immune period were determined.Results:The results demonstrated that on the basis of increasing immune function to B lymphocyto in control groups, the immune function is enhanced more than 70% in the experimental groups of ginseng extract; The experimental effect in ginseng extract G groups is higher than that in P groups. Conclusion:The ginseng extract as the immune adjuvant possess the remarkable effect to increase the vaccine immunity in the organism.

目的:开发和利用废弃的鸡骨,研究机体对鸡骨中钙质的吸收性及吸收规律.方法:将鸡骨粉碎制成骨泥,添加在食品的肉酥和肉丸中,然后分别将骨泥、肉酥和肉丸加入颗粒饲料,饲喂小鼠.在饲喂第3天、第5天、第7天时分别测定小鼠血清钙,同时设空白对照组.结果:第3天时,与其他时间相比,三个实验组的血清钙含量最高,且极显著地高于对照组;第5天和第7天时,肉酥组和骨泥组血钙含量仍显著地高于对照组,但肉丸组血钙含量已降至与对照组基本持平;骨泥组钙吸收效果较好,肉酥组次之,肉丸组较差;骨泥组血钙浓度维持较平稳.结论:鸡骨是可以被利用的,其中的钙质容易被吸收,但吸收效果与食物品种有关.用钙制剂后数日,血清钙突然升高,而后又降低,稳定在略高于平时的水平.

目的:观察地塞米松能否拮抗庆大霉素和丁胺卡那霉素所致的耳毒性.方法:取听力正常的豚鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组:庆大霉素组;丁胺卡那霉素组;庆大霉素+地塞米松组;丁胺卡那霉素+地塞米松组和生理盐水对照组.用药 2 wk 后饲养 1 wk,检查中耳粘膜反应、眼震抑制率及耳蜗的形态学变化.结果:庆大霉素+地塞米松组与庆大霉素组比较;丁胺卡那霉素+地塞米松组与丁胺卡那霉素组相比有显著性差异.结论:地塞米松对庆大霉素与丁胺卡那霉素所造成的耳毒性有明显的保护作用.

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)为最常见的自身免疫性疾病之一,病情大多呈进行性发展,目前尚无根治方法.Fournie[1]报道自身反应性B和T细胞程序化死亡的异常,参与自身免疫性疾病的发生.朱新华等[2]曾报道三氧化二砷能诱导恶性淋巴细胞凋亡;故设想三氧化二砷因可能诱导自身反应性淋巴细胞凋亡而对SLE有治疗效果.本实验目的是通过三氧化二砷对BXSB自发狼疮鼠血清自身抗体与肾小球免疫球蛋白沉着情况的研究,探讨该药对SLE有否治疗作用.