Objective To explore the effect of cold restraint stress on heart and liver of rats,the expression of HSP70 and the levels of CK and ALT in serum was studied. Methods 77 SD rats of 50 days old were randomly divided into 7 groups,namely 0 h,0. 5 h,1. 0 h,1. 5 h,2. 0 h,2. 5 h,3. 0 h group. The cold-restrained rats lasted the corresponding time,then the distributions of HSP70 in heart and liver tissues were examined by means of immunohistochemistry method and the level of CK and ALT in serum was determined. Results (1)The HSP70 expression in heart increased with stress time 1. 5 h group had an obvious increase compared with the 0 h group ( P 0. 05),and after 2. 0 h group,the increase was more significant. (2)The HSP70 expression in liver increased slowly with stress time. Only 3. 0 h group had an obvious increase compared with the 0 h,0. 5h and 1. 0h group (P 0. 05). (3)The level of CK rose quickly at the beginning stage of the stress,then changed smoothly. The level of ALT in serum rose with stress time,during the first 2. 5 h changed smoothly but significantly increased at 2. 5 h group. Conclusion The cold restraint stress could induce the expression of HSP70 in heart and the level of CK in serum markedly increasing in a short time,and increased with stress time,while the expression of HSP70 in liver and the level of ALT in serum had no markedly change in a short time,only after 3 hours the increase became obvious,it suggests that heart is more sensitive to the cold restraint stress,while liver has more powerful resistance.

Objective:To study the dynamic effects of cold restraint stress on HSP70 expression in kidney and serum corticosteroid content in rats,and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:Seventy-seven 50-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups,namely 0 h,0.5 h,1.0 h,1.5 h,2.0 h,2.5 h and 3.0 h group.At corresponding restraint stress time,the expression of HSP70 in kidney tissues were tested by means of immunohistochemistry and the level of CORT in serum was also examined.Results:The level of CORT reached its peak in 1.5 h group,but there was no significant difference in other groups.Under the light microscope,the expressions of HSP70 in the nuclei of renal glomerular capillary endothelial cells,in the nuclei and cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells could be observed.The HSP70 expression in kidney increased continuously first,then it was kept in a high level at stress time of 1.5 h,2.0 h and 2.5 h(P0.01),and since then it declined gradually(P0.05).Conclusion:Suitable cold restraint stress can induce the synthetic of HSP70,and it increased with stress time.While excessive cold restraint stress may decreased or block the expressions of HSP70 in kidney.

目的 研究拘束冷应激对大鼠血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(CORT)、肌酸激酶(CK)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)浓度的动态变化及可能的机制.方法 50日龄清洁级大鼠56只,随机分为7组,即0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5和3.0h组.采用拘束冷应激法,在应激相应的时间后,检测大鼠血清中ACTH、CORT、CK、ALT浓度和胃溃疡指数的测定.结果 ①大鼠血清中的ACTH浓度随着应激时间的增加呈现迅速升高的趋势,0.5 h达到最高值,之后又迅速下降,逐渐趋于平缓;②血清中的CORT浓度呈现逐渐升高的趋势.1.5 h达到最高值,之后又迅速下降,逐渐趋于平缓;③血清中的CK和ALT活力显著升高,且随着冷应激时间的增加而递增;④大鼠胃溃疡指数在应激初期呈现迅速升高的趋势,2.5 h时达到最高值.结论 拘束冷应激可使大鼠血清中的ACTH和CORT的浓度上升,至最高值后迅速下降;而血清中CK和ALT的浓度则随着拘束冷应激时间的增加而递增.拘束冷应激导致大鼠发生急性胃溃疡,应激2.5 h时最严重,提示拘束冷应激大鼠模型的造模时间以2.5 h为最佳.

Objective To study the protective effect of Radix Salviae Milliorrhizae Extract (764-3) on hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury of neonatal rats and to compare the effect of it with that of superoxide dismutase (SOD).Methods Hyperoxia lung injury model was established by putting Sprague Dawley neonatal rats into self-made oxygen box within high-concentration oxygen(≥90 % O2)for 7 days. Interfered with SOD and 764-3 respectively, the lung index, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of SOD, radical alveolar counts (RAC) and pathological changes have been compared. Meanwhile, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was utilized to detect the number of apoptosis of lung cells. Results On the seventh day, the contents of MDA and the number of apoptosis of lung cells of SOD prevention group and 764-3 prevention group were lower than those of the hyperoxia-exposed group( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ), while RAC and activity of SOD were higher(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) ; pathological changes of apoptosis of lung cells of SOD prevention group and 764-3 prevention group were less than those of the hyperoxia-exposed group. The protective effect of SOD and 764-3 were similar(P >0.05).However, compared with those of hyperoxia-exposed group, the lung index of 764-3 prevention group showed insignificant difference(P >0.05). Conclusion Radix Salviae Milliorrhizae Extract (764-3) may have certain protective effect on hyperoxia-in-duced acute lung injury.

Objective To investigate the influence of different dosage of antenatal dexamethasone(DEX)on development of offspring′s astrocyte and observe the relationship between dose and the degree of effect.Methods Thirty-four Sprague-Dawley(SD) pregnant rats were received drug under following four conditions:eight pregnant rats in antenatal one-dosage-treating group were injected muscularis with DEX[(0.8 mg/(kg·d)] on gestational day 17,eight pregnant rats in antenatal three-dosage-treating group were injected muscularis with DEX for 3 consecutive days(on gestational d17,d18,d19),ten pregnant rats in antenatal four-dosage-treating group were injected muscularis with DEX for 4 consecutive days(on gestational d17,d18,d19,d20).The control group rats received equivalent volumes of isotonic saline at the same time points corresponding to those of the experimental animals.After neonatal rats were deliveried,the glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) expression on the hippocampus and white matter were measured at the first day of birth and followed on the 7th and 14th day.Results The immunohistochemical expression of GFAP on the hippocampus and white matter of the postnatal 7,14 days rats decreased significantly in antenatal three and four-dosage treating groups.In antenatal one-dosage-treating groups,no statistical significance was detected(P0.05).Conclusion Repeated glucocorticoid delays astrocyte maturation.

Objective:To observe the preventive effect of rosiglitazone on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.Methods: Rat model of fatty liver was induced by high fat feeding for 12 weeks,with or without rosiglitazone treatment at the same time.After 12 weeks,body weight and wet weight of liver were measured,blood glucose,lipid,aminotrasferase and triglyceride of liver were detected,rat liver was examined.Results:① Body weight,wet weight of liver and liver exponent were increased in control rat(sP0.01).Body weights in rosiglitazone-treated rats had no difference to those in normal rats,wet weights of liver and liver exponent in rosiglitazone-treated rats were significantly lower than that in control rats(P0.01).②Blood glucose in control rats increased(P0.05).There was hyperlipidemia in control rats(P0.01),which was improved by rosiglitazone(P0.01).③There were hepatic steatosis in the control rats(P0.01),mostly in moderate or severe level,rosiglitazone significantly attenuated the pathological changes in the live(rP0.05),there were higher triglyeride level in the control rats liver,which were significantly decreased in rosiglitazone-treated rat(sP 0.05).Conclusion:Rosiglitazone can ameliorate rats plasm lipid disturbance induced by high fat feeding,rosiglitazone has preventive effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of lentinan (LNT) on lipid peroxidation and NO level in brain tissues of diabetic rats. Methods Twenty nine male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group(n=10), diabetic group(n=10) and LNT treatment group(n=9). The morphological changes of brain tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) in the brain tissues were assayed by spectophotometer, respectivly. Results Cerebral edema, encephalomalacia,demyelination in the white matter were observed by histopathology. Swelling and criste loss of mitochondria in neurons and neuroglial cells, demyelination of nerve fibers and vascular endothelial cell damages were seen by electron microscopy. The activities of SOD in diabetic brain tissues was decreased; but the activities of NOS and content of NO increased in comparison with those of control group. After treatment with LNT, the activities of SOD were increased and NOS activity, content of NO and MDA were decreased in comparison with those in diabetic rats. Conclusion LNT possesses effects on prevention of brain tissue damages in diabetic rats by enhancement of anti oxidation activities and reduction of NO level.

AIM: To study the protective effects of the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) on brain tissues in experimental diabetic rats and explore its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thirty male Sprague-Dauley rats were divided into three groups: normal control group, diabetic group and EGB-treated group. Strepozotocin were injected intraperitoneally on the later two groups to induce diabetes, EGB-treated group was injected intraperitoneally with EGB, and the others were treated with normal saline at the same volume. After five weeks, the content of endothelin (ET), malondial dehyde (MDA), NO2~-/NO 3~-, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were determined in brain homogenate, and the level of blood glucose, insulin and ET were measured respectively. In addition, the morphologic changes of the brain tissue were studied by light microscopy and electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: In diabetic group, there were degeneration of neuron, brain edema, softened focus and demyelination in the white matter of brain by light microcopy. There were expansion of mitochondria of neuron and gliocyte, the shortened of crista, demyelination of neurofiber and injury of blood-brain-barrier by the electron microscopy. After treated with EGB, the pathological changes decreased in brain under light microcopy and electron microcopy. Compared with diabetic rats, the activity of SOD and the level of serum insulin increased, while the level of blood ET, the activity of NOS, the content of ET, MDA, NO2~-/NO3~- decreased in EGB-treated rats (P0.05). CONCLUSION: EGB can protect diabetic brain by anti-lipid peroxidation and decrease the level of NO and ET.

To reveal the effects and mechanism of stress on metabolism of trace element in vivo,80 SD rats of 28 days old were divided into 4 groups at random,mamely feeding water group,low coper group(LCu),moderate copper group(MCu),and high copper group(HCu),feeding the four groups with deionized water lower,mod,and higher dose of copper respectively by intragastric administration for 3 weeks.Every group was randomly divided into ambient temperature contrasting groups and cold stress groups. Then observe and analyze concentration of serum copper and serum zinc,activity of superoside dismutase(SOD),reduced glutathionc(GSH)and malondialdehyde(MDA)of every group.The results showed that higher copper administration had not marked effects on the growth of clear SD rats.Serum copper/zinc ratio was not significantly changed.However,appropriate copper administration overly elevated activity of SOD and level of GSH.Serum copper decreased and serum zinc increased after the rats were disposed with cold stress.At the same time,SOD was consumed and level of GSH was notably heightened.Thus these results indicated that cold stress can change rats' metabolism of copper and zinc,activity of SOD and level of GSH,and appropriate administration of copper may make positive physiological effects in stress state.

Objective To explore the effects and possible mechanism of copper pre-admin- istration on stress ulcer. Methods: 80 SD rats of 28 days old were divided into 4 groups at random, namely feeding water group, low copper group (LC), moderate copper group (MC), and high copper group (HC), feeding the four groups with deionized water, lower, moderate, and higher dose of copper respectively by intragastric administration for 3 weeks. Each group was randomly divided into ambient temperature contrasting groups and cold stress groups. The rats in the cold stress groups suffered from induced gastric ulcer. Gastric mucosa ulcer index, concentration of serum copper and serum zinc, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed and analyzed for each group. Results: ① The concentration of serum zinc of cold stress groups was markedly higher than that of ambient temperature contrasting groups. The concentration of serum copper in LC group, MC group of cold stress groups were slightly lower, and HC group slightly higher than that of ambient temperature contrasting groups. ② Gastric mucosa ulcer index of cold stress group was rising in the following order: Feeding water group; LC group; MC group and HC group. The gastric mucosa ulcer index was significantly degraded in the HC group compared to in the feeding water group. ③Compared to ambient temperature groups, activity of SOD in all cold stress groups decreased, especially in the MC group and LC group (P0.01). Content of GSH in all cold stress groups was greatly heightened and content of MDA in all cold stress groups was slightly increased. By comparison between each group, in the feeding water group was the highest and MC group was the lowest, the difference between two groups was significant. Conclusion: Cold stress can affect the ratio of Cu/Zn in serum, and appropriate copper administration can be protective against gastric ulcer. The mechanism of this function is potentially that copper enhances the activity of SOD and increases the content of GSH, accordingly this promotes the capability to clean free radicals in the organism.

Objective To investigate the gender difference and potential mechanism of stress gastric ulcer in rats. Methods Fourty male and 40 female SD rats about 200-220 g were randomly divided into cold stress group (20 rats) and room temperature control group (20 rats) according to gender respectively. Rats of cold stress groups were afflicted gastric ulcer by cold stress method. Then the gastric ulcer index was compared between cold stress group of male and female groups, meanwhile the concentration of serum copper and zinc, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in every group were determined and analyzed. Results The gastric ulcer index in male group was significant higher than that in female group. Concentration of serum zinc upgraded and serum copper decreased after cold stress (P0.05 or P0.01) and the serum copper of male group was more reduced(P0.05) . Activity of SOD in serum of both genders were decreased significantly (P0.01), and the male group was even more reduced (P0.01). Content of GSH in serum of both genders were increased overtly (P0.01). Conclusion The rat's gender have some effects on gastric ulcer of rats. Cold stress provokes copper and zinc re-distribution in vivo and free radical cleaning system differential priming response in two genders are part of the possible inherent mechanism of sexual difference in stress gastric ulcer.

The basic methods of transgenic animal technique were briefly introduced, and the applications of the technique in biomedical research, such as the gene expression and regulation ,the animal models of human diseases, gene therapy, animal bioreactors ,Xenotransplantation ,lmprovement of animal breed and so on were summarized.

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginseng extract as the immune adjuvant in increasing immune function to B lymphocyte. Methods: The guinea pigs were immunized with the different dosage of ginseng extract-mixed with bacterial antigen, and the serum IgG content in different immune period were determined.Results:The results demonstrated that on the basis of increasing immune function to B lymphocyto in control groups, the immune function is enhanced more than 70% in the experimental groups of ginseng extract; The experimental effect in ginseng extract G groups is higher than that in P groups. Conclusion:The ginseng extract as the immune adjuvant possess the remarkable effect to increase the vaccine immunity in the organism.

Objective To study the preventive effect of metformin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Methods Rat model of fatty liver was induced by high fat feeding for 12 weeks, with or without metformin treatment at the same time. After 12 weeks, body weight and wet weight of liver were measured, blood glucose, lipid and aminotrasferase were examined. Results (1) Body weight, wet weight of liver and liver index (wet weight of loverbody weight ×100%) were increased in control rats. Body weights in metformin-treated rats had no difference to those in normal rats, wet weights of liver and liver index in metformin-treated rats were significantly lower than those of control rats. (2)Blood glucose in control rats increased. There was hyperlipidemia in control rats, which was improved by metformin. (3) There were hepatic steatosis in the control rats, mostly in moderate or severe levels. Metformin significantly attenuated the pathological changes in the liver. Conclusion Metformin can ameliorate plasma lipid disturbance induced by high fat feeding, metformin has preventive effect on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.

一氧化氮(NO)在肺血管张力调节及结构重建的调控中起着重要作用.可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶(soluble guanylate cyclase,sGC)是介导NO信息调控的关键酶,它由α、β两亚基共同组成的异源二聚体,肺组织主要同时表达α1和β1亚基.对离体低氧大鼠肺的研究表明,抑制sGC酶活性能促进低氧性肺血管收缩[1].慢性阻塞性肺疾病等呼气流量限制性呼吸系统疾病并发肺动脉高压的形成与发展不仅存在肺动脉血管收缩,而且表现肺血管结构的重建.我们复制与慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病理生理改变相似的低氧高二氧化碳大鼠模型,观察肺组织sGC基因表达及其酶活性的变化,结合肺血管显微、超微结构检查,旨在探讨sGC变化在低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压大鼠肺血管结构重建中的作用.

目的:开发和利用废弃的鸡骨,研究机体对鸡骨中钙质的吸收性及吸收规律.方法:将鸡骨粉碎制成骨泥,添加在食品的肉酥和肉丸中,然后分别将骨泥、肉酥和肉丸加入颗粒饲料,饲喂小鼠.在饲喂第3天、第5天、第7天时分别测定小鼠血清钙,同时设空白对照组.结果:第3天时,与其他时间相比,三个实验组的血清钙含量最高,且极显著地高于对照组;第5天和第7天时,肉酥组和骨泥组血钙含量仍显著地高于对照组,但肉丸组血钙含量已降至与对照组基本持平;骨泥组钙吸收效果较好,肉酥组次之,肉丸组较差;骨泥组血钙浓度维持较平稳.结论:鸡骨是可以被利用的,其中的钙质容易被吸收,但吸收效果与食物品种有关.用钙制剂后数日,血清钙突然升高,而后又降低,稳定在略高于平时的水平.

一氧化氮(NO)和前列腺素E2(PGE2)是两种具有多效性作用的炎症介质,在炎症部位分别由诱导性酶环氧化酶2(COX2)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)诱导产生.现已经明确,NO和PGE2能够由骨关节炎(OA)软骨自发分泌产生,在OA关节滑液中有过度表达.然而,NO和PGE2在OA病理过程中的作用较为复杂,在不同条件下甚至作用相反,而两者在炎症过程的相互影响作用更具争议性.为此,我们采用兔膝关节制动建立实验性OA模型,分别给予COX2抑制剂塞来昔布和iNOS抑制剂L-硝基-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME),检测关节滑液中NO代谢物和PGE2含量的变化,以探讨两者在实验性OA中的相互关系,为阐明OA发生的机制及其防治提供新的实验依据.

目的探讨细脚拟青霉对机体的免疫调节作用.方法用环磷酰胺复制大、小鼠免疫抑制模型,细脚拟青霉灌胃处理正常及免疫抑制大、小鼠21d后处死,并测定其胸腺和脾脏的重量以及外周血白细胞数.结果正常对照组大、小鼠白细胞数分别为(11600±3600)、(4700±1100)×106/L;细脚拟青霉组大鼠白细胞数升高,为(16500±3800)×106/L;环磷酰胺组大、小鼠白细胞数均降低,分别为(5300±1300)、(3000±1500)×106/L;细脚拟青霉加环磷酰胺组大、小鼠白细胞数又回升,分别为(12000±6900)、(4400±1200)×106/L.环磷酰胺组大、小鼠脾脏、胸腺湿重下降,分别为0.86±0.16、0.12±0.06、0.080±0.028、0.010±0.003g;细脚拟青霉加环磷酰胺组大、小鼠脾脏、胸腺湿重又回升,分别为0.99+0.13、0.19±0.05、0.126±0.085、0.015±0.006g.结论细脚拟青霉对正常大鼠有提升白细胞数作用,并能阻止环磷酰胺所致的降低白细胞数作用;对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制大、小鼠的脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官萎缩有阻遏作用;故细脚拟青霉对机体具有免疫调节活性.