根据全混合日粮(TMR)颗粒饲料在反刍动物中的饲喂效果,本文对TMR颗粒饲料在反刍动物生长、采食量、瘤胃功能、消化代谢及未来发展趋势作一综述,为TMR颗粒饲料的进一步开发应用提供一定的参考.

在饲料中添加不同水平发酵桑叶,考察桑叶对新晃育肥黄牛生长性能、血液生化指标、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响.选取25头22～26月龄、初始体质量(229.41±12.32)kg健康无病的新晃黄牛,随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,4个试验组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加质量分数分别为10％、20％、30％和35％的发酵桑叶,替代部分玉米秸秆、豆粕及酒糟等.结果 表明,饲料中添加发酵桑叶对新晃黄牛日增体质量、日干物质采食量和料肉比均无显著影响(P＞0.05);与对照组相比,饲料中添加30％发酵桑叶可显著提高新晃黄牛眼肌面积且肌肉剪切力显著降低(P＜0.05);饲料中添加发酵桑叶对新晃黄牛脂质代谢无显著影响(P＞0.05);饲料中添加发酵桑叶可改善新晃黄牛抗氧化能力.综上所述,在饲料中添加30％发酵桑叶饲喂新晃黄牛,对其生长性能和脂质代谢无显著影响,但肉品质和机体免疫能力得到改善.

桑叶蛋白作为桑叶深加工产物,其营养价值高、氨基酸丰富,现已被业界所熟知.本文针对桑叶蛋白营养价值、制备方法及开发利用前景作一综述,为桑叶多元化利用提供参考.

将发酵桑叶添加至育肥猪的饲粮中,研究发酵桑饲料对猪生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响.选择体质量(48.50±5.00) kg的宁乡土杂猪72头,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂含10％、13％、16％发酵桑饲料的试验饲粮,试验期75 d.结果显示:饲粮中添加发酵桑饲料对宁乡土杂猪平均日增体质量、平均日采食量和料肉比无显著影响(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,3个试验组板油率显著降低(P＜0.05);随着发酵桑饲料添加量增加,前腿比率极显著提高(P＜0.01),后腿比率极显著降低(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,3个试验组肌肉剪切力显著降低(P＜0.05),失水率极显著降低(P＜0.01).试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低,多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著升高(P＜0.05);3个试验组与对照组间不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸含量的比值差异达到了极显著水平(P＜0.01).研究表明:在饲粮中添加10％～16％发酵桑饲料,不影响宁乡土杂猪生长性能,可改善屠宰性能,有效保持猪肉鲜嫩多汁,优化脂肪酸结构;综合考虑,发酵桑饲料在宁乡土杂猪饲粮中的最适添加量为13％.

本文基于梳理桑叶的营养特性和饲用价值、桑饲料的加工方法及其在畜禽生产中的应用等方面研究进展,展望并讨论相关研究方向与重点,期望为更好地开发利用桑资源提供参考.

槲皮素作为自然界分布最为广泛且无明显毒副作用的植物源性黄酮类化合物,具有多种生理作用,包括抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌抗病毒以及调节免疫功能等.文章就槲皮素的结构、生理功能及其在鸡生产中的应用作一综述.

The digestible energy ( DE) , metabolic energy ( ME) and prediction model of DE and ME of rice protein ( RP) for growing pigs were investigated in this experiment, and RP were collected in main producing areas of China. Twelve “Duroc×Landrance×Large White” castrate male pigs with (33.0±1.3) kg initial body weight were allotted to two 6×6 Latin square designs. The diets included 1 kind of basal diet and 11 kinds of trial diets which used rice protein to replace 15% basal diet. The DE and ME of 11 kinds of rice protein was de-termined with total feces collection method and difference method. The regression equations were established on the basis of the correlation among DE, ME and proximate composition of RP. The results showed that the mean of DE (air-dry basis) of RP for pigs was (18.13±1.12) MJ/kg, the mean of ME (air-dry basis) of RP for pigs was (16.44±1.59) MJ/kg. In conclusion, the DE recommended prediction models (DM basis) of RP for swine are DE=22.17-0.51NDF ( R2=0.50,RSD=0.93) , DE=18.58-0.49CF+0.31EE ( R2=0.70, RSD=0.77) . The ME recommended prediction model ( DM basis) of RP for swine is ME=21.42-0.74NDF ( R2=0.52,RSD=1.30). The appropriate predicting factor is NDF.

壳寡糖作为饲料添加剂具有多种生物学功能.文章综述了壳寡糖对动物免疫器官发育、免疫细胞、细胞因子和免疫受体的影响及部分作用机理.

试验旨在研究脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对15~35 kg生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取72头体重为（14.32±1.49） kg、日龄基本一致的杜长大三元商品去势猪，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复3头猪。4种饲粮中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕比例分别为：0（对照组）、20%（4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）、40%（9.8%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）、60%（14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组），4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组脱酚棉籽蛋白在饲粮中的比例分别为4.9%、9.8%、14.7%。试验全期共33 d。结果显示：1）试验各组在日增重与日采食量上差异不显著（P>0.05），日增重都达到600 g以上，与对照组相比，4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组日增重分别降低1.7%、4.6%和0.7%；4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组料重比分别比对照组升高0.08（P>0.05）、0.1（P>0.05）、0.15（P＜0.05）。2）试验血清生化指标表明，4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组谷丙转氨酶高于9.8%脱酚棉籽蛋白组，约高31.4%（P＜0.05）；4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组谷草转氨酶含量高于9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组，分别高38.6%（P＜0.05）、56.5%（P＜0.05）；试验各组间血清总蛋白、尿素氮、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G等均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上述，在本试验条件下脱酚棉籽蛋白替代（20%、40%）豆粕对15~35 kg生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标没有明显不良影响，在生产中应用是可行的。

The digestible energy( DE)and analyzed proximate composition and the prediction model of DE of degossypolized cottonseed protein( DCP)by its analyzed proximate composition for growing pigs were investi-gated in this experiment,and DCP were collected in main producing areas of China. A total of 12 Duroc × Landrance×Largewhite castrate male pigs with(32.0±2.3)kg initial body weight were allotted to two 6×6 Latin square designs. The diets included 1 kind of basic diet and 11 kinds of trial diets which were replaced 18% of the basic diet by DCP. The DE of 11 kinds of DCP was determined with total feces collection method and difference method. The regression equation was established on the basis of the correlation between DE and proximate composition of DCP. The results showed that the mean of DE( air-dry basis)of DCP for pigs was (11.67±0.82)MJ/kg,and there were no significant differences in DE of DCP from different areas. The rec-ommended prediction models( DM basis)of DCP for pigs were DE=15. 40-0. 27ADF( R2=0. 91,RSD=0.27)and DE=14.88-0.29ADF+0.25EE( R2=0.94,RSD=0.22). The appropriate predicting factor was ADF.