甘蔗是我国最重要的糖料作物.本文分析了我国甘蔗生产现状、甘蔗机械化现状、主产区政府促进甘蔗生产机械化发展采取的措施和我国甘蔗生产机械化发展中存在的问题,提出了大力开展蔗地宜机化改造、加强甘蔗生产全程机械化技术集成与农艺配套研究、建立"糖企-机企-蔗企"合理运行机制、实现机收蔗无障碍进厂和加大甘蔗生产机具的补贴力度与机械化技术推广应用等建议.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">基于2020年新冠疫情对农业农村产生的不利影响,本文对全国共112个农机合作社进行调研,就农机合作社在疫情防控中发挥的作用,以及农机合作社在本次疫情中面临的困难进行分析。农机合作社在开展消杀作业、托管服务、宣传疫情防控知识、指导农机农业技术等方面发挥重要作用。所调研的农机合作社累计参与了消杀作业1 988次,消杀面积41 089万m²,参与消杀4 772人次,使用消毒液530.26 t。为促进农机合作社进一步发展,提出要对农机合作社在项目、资金扶持以及机库棚建设技术服务等方面进一步加强扶持。</span>

近年来,数字化、自动化、智能化技术在农业领域应用步伐加快,机械化生产与信息化技术深度融合,初步形成了无人化农业概念,引发社会广泛关注.无人化农业系统包括生产信息采集设施、生产作业装备和生产管理平台等三大组成部分,以全过程智能化管理、精准化作业为核心,通过大数据指导生产运行,能够实现节本、高效、精准、绿色,形成类似于无人工厂的农业生产方式,是现代农业的一个重要发展方向.总体上看,发达国家无人化农业研发起步早,在一些领域和环节虽有推广,但应用还不广泛.我国在这方面起步较晚,发展速度较快.

为实现气流输送播种机播种质量的快速准确检测,设计了—种基于压电陶瓷的弧形阵列式播种流量传感器.在分析气流分配器出种口种子运动特性的基础上,对感知单元布局及传感器整体结构进行了优化设计;通过不同条件下种子碰撞试验,确定了感知单元的材料和结构尺寸;设计了信号调理电路与脉冲计数电路,实现了种子在线计量,并通过CAN通信实时发送.利用气流输送播种试验台架,分析了气流压力及排种量对传感器检测精度的影响,在正常工作气压范围内,检测误差与气流压力近似满足线性关系,进一步提出了传感器检测的校准模型,并进行了台架试验验证.结果 表明:在推荐工作参数条件下,即气压为166 Pa、排种量低于170粒/s时,校准后传感器的检测误差在5％以内,且传感器对堵塞故障报警准确率达100％.该传感器能够有效地监测气流输送播种机的排种性能,有助于提高播种作业质量.

无人化即通过智能化技术装备,替代人在田间劳作的过程.在当前我国农村青壮年劳动力流失加剧的严峻形势下,在全程农业机械化的基础上,发展无人化农机作业技术装备,是近年在智能农机领域出现的新需求、新热点和新尝试.

开展农机深松整地,是改善耕地质量、提高农业综合生产能力、促进质量兴农、绿色兴农的重要举措.为全面完成今年1.5亿亩深松深耕整地目标任务,农业农村部日前印发通知,要求各地按照分解下达的作业任务,切实做好2018年农机深松整地工作.

为贯彻落实《国务院关于取消一批行政许可事项的决定》(国发[2018] 28号)精神,加强农业机械维修技术合格证核发行政许可事项取消后的事中事后监管,维护农业机械维修当事人的合法权益,近日农业农村部印发通知,就做好相关工作提出明确要求.

At present, the combine harvester is developing towards the direction of large scale and high speed. It is more and more difficult to recognize the harvest boundary only by people's eyesight, which is to ensure the consistency of cutting when combine harvester operates. When the harvester works in the field, it usually works in full cutting conditions, which requires the driver has high driving skills, and the whole tracking operations keep for a long time; the labour intensity of the driver and the dust of field work make it difficult to rely on the naked eye to obtain accurate boundary. Combine harvester yield monitoring system is according to the need of harvest cutting and actual speed for real-time calculation of harvest area at home and abroad, and combine harvester yield measuring system mainly relies on the operator's input of harvesting information manually, but the actual harvest is difficult to ensure the full harvest. In the detection of combine harvester's feeding quantity, cut width, density, and speed of operation are needed to measure for the straw obtaining. The automatic driving system of combine harvester can automatically track driving according to the harvest boundary. Therefore, the on-line detection of harvest boundary is important for intelligent monitoring system of combine harvester. Aiming at the problem of on-line recognition of harvesting boundary of combine harvester, an on-line recognition system for harvesting boundary of combine harvester was developed by laser non-destructive detection technology. Firstly, the composition of the system, and the selection and working principle of the laser sensor were introduced, and the polar coordinate of the sensor output data is converted to the right angle coordinate. The laser sensor is a 1D (one-dimensional) scanning laser rangefinder supplied by the SICK company. It uses an infra-red laser beam and it works on the principle of light propagation time measurement. A short luminous impulse is emitted. The luminous ray is then deviated by a revolving mirror and thus covers a half-plane. When the ray meets an obstacle, retro diffused light is collected by the detector. The distance from the sensor to the object is then calculated from the time interval between the emission and the reception of the impulse. As the harvest process will produce a lot of dust, it will have a laser detection distance and signal reflection. The laser ray from the sensor is retro diffused when it meets suspended particles of dust. In consequence, the measured distance is shorter than that separating the top of the vegetation from the rangefinder. Through the comparison with crop characteristic threshold, the error data affected by dust are effectively identified and eliminated. Using moving average digital filtering algorithm, system measurement noise is eliminated. Through the signal step change pattern recognition algorithm, the on-line detection of the harvest boundary is realized, and the cutting amplitude of the combine harvester is calculated accurately. The test results show that the system can realize on-line monitoring, and the measurement error is not more than 12 cm, which can provide reference for the practical application of intelligent monitoring system of combine harvester.

In order to improve the automation level of combine harvester and reduce labor intensity , the ground profiling control system of combine header was developed .The header ground profiling mechanism was designed .It can vary with the terrain .The ground floating is acquired by angle sensor .The header height information is calculated by the displace-ment sensor detecting header cylinder expansion amount and ground profiling angle sensor .The hand-automatic control system of the header height was developed , and control experiment carried out in field .The test results show that the sys-tem has the advantages of simple structure , stable performance , header height control error is less than 12mm, which meet the requirements of field operations combine harvester .

Precision seeding machine has been widely used in recent years. There are still some mechanical failures with the machine. And seeding stoppage caused by the field environment will appear during seeding with machine. So, it is essential to monitor the seeding quality. With the research of monitoring technology, visual instrument detection system for precision seeding-metering device is used in laboratory but not suitable in the field. Image processing technology is efficient and accurate but complex and high-cost. The photoelectric inspection technology is low-cost, reliable and quite accurate. First of all, we introduced the theory of the monitoring technology with the infrared detection, which is a common photoelectric inspection technology. We designed a kind of opposite-type photoelectric sensor. Transmitter using the infrared LED (light emitting diode) gave the infrared signal to receiver. The signal had narrow band and directivity when the receiver LED was sensitive to prevent the interference of the visible light and the dirt. The photo diode of receiver was matched with the transmitter, and the power of the signal was measured to detect the passing seeds. When there was a seed between the transmitter and receiver, the infrared signal may be kept out by the seed. Therefor, the power of the signal was getting weak, and the seed was detected. There was a differential circuit after the receiver processed the signal received. The circuit formed a pulse signal which was sent to the micro processer to count the passing seeds. The time of pulse was 0.4 to 4 ms. It had adequate resolution to distinguish adjacent seeds. Then with the theory of the monitoring technology, we developed the seeding quality monitoring system, including the multiplex sensors, the driver gear sensor, and the terminal device with LCD (liquid crystal display) and alarm. We designed a kind of structure to fix the sensor with the tube, and aligned the transmitter with the receiver. The driver gear sensor was used to detect the drive shaft of the seeding apparatus. When it detected the seeder is seeding, the alarm would be available, and it would be triggered if there was no pulse signal of seeding to the processer. It could help to avoid false alarm when the seeder is not seeding. The processer could count and make statistic of the seeding quality, and display the result on the LCD. The monitoring system is reasonable in structure, convenient to install, and will give an alarm signal when seeding is blocked, leaked, lacking seeds or in other stoppage. At the meantime, the system counts and displays the number of seeding and the stoppage caused by different reasons. At last the paper introduced the field test results. Field experiments were carried out to measure the count of seeding, the leakage seeding rate, the lack of seed and the blockage of the seeding tube. It showed that the monitoring system could adapt to the working environment. The field test presented a monitoring success rate of more than 95%. Shooting the trouble of on-line monitoring of seeding quality, the system avoids miss-seeding, performs the efficient seeding and improves the seeding quality.

In view of the current shortage of agricultural water resources and serious waste in agricultural water and fertilizer, using an automatic control technology in water-saving irrigation and precision fertilization scheme. And then, a remote auto-matic control system for irrigation of integration of water and fertilizer design and apply in Jinfeng manor. The system has simple structure, high reliability, real-time acquisition and high accuracy, so it has broad application prospects in the wa-ter-saving irrigation project.

针对粮食烘干时水分检测的特点和要求，采用微波无损检测技术，设计了粮食水分在线式检测系统，实现了对粮食烘干过程中水分含量的实时、连续检测。重点介绍了粮食烘干过程中水分检测原理、系统组成结构、数据采集及结果分析。试验结果表明，水分在线式检测系统检测范围为10%-21%，测量精度±0.5%，完全可以满足粮食烘干过程中水分含量实时检测的需要。本文网络版地址：http：//www.eepw.com.cn/article/233864. htm

在储粮监测系统中,不仅需要对粮堆内部情况进行实时监测,也需要对粮仓的储粮环境进行监测.监测粮仓储粮环境的温湿度,能够更好地把握储粮环境的整体情况.文章介绍了Sensirion公司数字式温湿度传感器SHT21各方面特点以及应用方法和软硬件实现,将小体积数字式一体化温湿度传感器SHT21应用在储粮监测系统中,能够节省空间、提升测量精度、加强系统可靠性.

An on-line monitoring system was designed,which monitored the longitudinal-axial drum torque,speed and cereal grain flow in combine harvester.Based on theoretical analysis and experimental verification,mathematical models between the feed quantity and three factors were built up.And an indirect way to determine the feed quantity of combine harvester was found.The field experimental results showed that the proposed on-line monitoring system worked steadily and reliably,and the monitoring error was within 5%.