This study aims to develop a novel Multi-Channel Mirror-Fusion Neural Network (MC-MFNN) model to enhance brain age estimation accuracy and generalizability, while also providing interpretable insights into brain aging patterns. We designed the MC-MFNN model to integrate multiple channels of structural MRI data, leveraging both contrast and morphometric information. The model incorporates a mirror fusion architecture to neutralize prediction biases and improve overall accuracy and generalizability. We trained and validated the model using a large cohort of cognitively normal individuals and further evaluated its performance on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset, covering normal controls (NC), early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI), late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI), and AD patients. The MC-MFNN model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (MAE = 1.549 +/- 1.334, r = 0.996, for internal dataset) and cross-dataset generalizability (MAE = 2.638 +/- 2.020, r = 0.935, for external dataset) compared with state-of-the-art models. Longitudinal comparative analysis revealed distinct brain age gap (BAG) patterns across cognitive stages, with significant differences observed between NC, EMCI, LMCI, and AD. The occlusion sensitivity analysis provided interpretable insights into the model's decision-making process, highlighting the contributions of specific brain regions to brain age estimation. During normal aging, brain age-related changes were primarily confined to the left hemisphere, whereas neurodegenerative alterations exhibited a widespread bilateral distribution during disease progression, predominantly affecting regions associated with cognitive processing, auditory perception, visual processing, and somatosensory-motor functions. Our approach provides valuable biomarkers for tracking neurodegenerative progression and has the potential to inform early intervention strategies for cognitive decline.

Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) has received great attention in the diagnosis of male reproductive health for its objectivity and accuracy. But its accuracy may be greatly affected by algorithms used in microscopic video preprocessing, especially algorithms for microscopic videos filtering. Owing to the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity (SSIM) indicators are not suitable for microscopic images, objective indicators for evaluating filtering of microscopic videos are scarce at present, leading to filtering algorithms are chosen arbitrarily. In addition, it is critical to establish quality control indicators for CASA from the perspective of image processing, but they are rarely mentioned for the reason that algorithms adopted in image processing aren't public. To reduce influences of filtering on diagnostic results, it is imperative to establish an objective quality control indicator for evaluating filtering of microscopic video from the perspective of image preprocessing. The principle of formatting sperm tracking trajectory and the rules of grading trajectory continuity were introduced firstly. Then, impacts of filtering algorithms on the continuity of sperm trajectory were investigated and the relation between the continuity of sperm trajectory and the fluctuation of sperm segmentation thresholds was further explored. Finally, an objective indicator for appraising the quality of filtering for microscopic video was established based on SADTM (Sum of Absolute Difference between Threshold and the Mean).The proposed indicator can objectively evaluate the quality of microscopic video filtering and provide a guideline for algorithm selection, laying foundation for quality control for CASA.

在“新医科?新工科”背景下，对医学生的培养提出了更高的要求。MRI设备学课程是培养医学影像技术专业的重点课程之一，为了提高MRI设备学课程的教学质量，提升教学效果，本文构建MRI设备学课程线上线下混合式教学的新理念、推进MRI设备学课程教学设计的改革与创新，优化MRI设备学课程的教学内容，重构混合式教学的课程评价等方面，开展了MRI设备学课程的线上线下混合式教学探索与研究。研究发现线上线下混合式教学的有机融合，有效地激发了学生的兴趣和自主学习的能动性，丰富了教学资源，拓展了教与学的空间，实现了“以学生为中心”的新型教学模式，满足“新医科?新工科”背景下高等医学人才的培养目标。

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) provides a quantitative assessment of the quality of male fertility. But sometimes there are difficulties in comparing among diagnoses of different laboratories due to the deficiency of quality control indicators, especially for microenvironment cleanliness. An unclean microenvironment may seriously degrade the quality of microscopic images, resulting in diagnosis inaccuracy. The primary reason for the scarcity of microenvironment cleanliness indicators is non-sperm objects can't be recognized from microscopic images accurately. In this paper, to overcome the issues mentioned above and lay a foundation for CASA's quality control from the perspective of digital image processing, an algorithm for non-sperm objects extraction was designed and then an approach for evaluating of microenvironment cleanliness proposed. METHOD:First, two features neutrosophic grayscale and neutrosophic gradient were designed. Then based on them, a neutrosophic similarity measurement was developed. Combined with Otsu method, the measurement was applied to extract non-sperm objects by adjusting the value of noise factor. Finally, the indicator ratio of non-sperm objects (RNSO) was formed for evaluating the degree of microenvironment cleanliness. CONCLUSION:The experiments demonstrated non-sperm targets can be extracted efficiently and effectively by adjusting the noise factor of the proposed algorithm. The RNSO indicator can reflect microenvironment cleanliness degree properly and indicate whether the operations of sample production or video acquiring meet standards. So, it can provide convictive and quantitative information for CASA's quality control.

管电压补偿是保证X线机管电压参数准确性必不可少的重要环节,但其原理具有复杂性和抽象性.临床使用的X线机不具备展示补偿原理及补偿效果的功能,较难用于实验教学.由于缺乏必要的实验装置,管电压硬件补偿电路及软件补偿算法的原理一直是医学影像设备学教学中的难点.为解决上述问题,设计了管电压补偿实验装置.该实验装置不但能够形象演示管电压补偿前后的差异性,使学生从本质上理解管电压补偿的原理和作用,而且具有结构简单、操作简便等优点,具有一定的实用价值和推广价值.

目的:解决计算机辅助精子质量分析系统缺乏显微图像滤波算法性能客观评价指标的问题.方法:首先对精子跟踪轨迹连续性、滤波图像直方图、滤波算法性能三者之间的相关性进行研究,然后对不同噪声密度下的相关性进行量化计算,最后建立结构保持因子数学计算模型.结果:滤波算法的结构保持因子越大,精子跟踪轨迹连续性等级越高,证明结构保持因子作为显微图像滤波性能衡量的有效性.结论:结构保持因子克服了显微图像滤波算法性能评价的主观性,该指标可为精子显微图像滤波算法的选取提供理论指导,从计算机图像处理角度为计算机精子质量检测系统提供质控依据.

Brain tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance images is a critical step for early tumor diagnosis and treatment. However, accurate and general segmentation of brain tumor is still a challenging task due to complicated characteristics of brain tumor in magnetic resonance images. To solve this problem, we proposed a novel method for brain tumor segmentation based on features of separated local square. The proposed method basically consists of three steps: superpixel segmentation, feature extraction and segmentation model construction. In the first step, the superpixel segmentation algorithm was used to partition an image into homogeneous regions with approximately similar characteristics and size. In the second step, gray statistical characteristic and texture features were extracted. Finally, by applying support vector machine (SVM), superpixels were classified as either tumor regions or nontumor regions in the segmentation model construction step. The brain tumor segmentation method takes the advantage of the superpixel-wise features and the ability of SVM. For verifying the proposed method, we select 20 images from BRATS 2013 dataset. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method.

Objective The inherent uncertainty and randomness of a random-valued impulse result in the indeterminacy and sensibility of the noise threshold.Obtaining a robust noise threshold during noise reduction is therefore difficult because of these poor features.Moreover,the noise extraction efficiencies of algorithms used for random-valued impulse reduction are seriously affected.To improve the accuracy of noise detection,this study proposes an efficient double-side impulse noise detection algorithm based on the directional characteristic and neutrosophic indeterminacy information.Given that an accurate and effective weight function is important to the performance of a filter,a new bilateral filter based on neutrosophic indeterminacy and rank-ordered absolute difference (ROAD) statistic is constructed to strengthen the weights of pixels that are similar to the current pixel and restrain the influence of pixels with high indeterminacy.Method For noise detection,an adaptive function of noise threshold T is designed according to the relation between the performance of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and threshold T.The value of T can be automatically adjusted in this function according to the density of noise.After the values of the rank-ordered logarithmic difference (ROLD) and neutrosophic indeterminacy of each pixel are calculated,the pixels in the polluted image are divided into three types according to the relationship between the ROLD value and the threshold.The first type comprises exceeding-threshold pixels whose ROLD values are greater than or equal to threshold T.The second category comprises adjacent-threshold pixels whose ROLD values are equal to or greater than 0.8 T but less than T.The last category comprises security pixels that have ROLD values less than 0.8 T.All pixels belonging to these three types are roughly divided into noise and noise-free sets by using a switching strategy.Pixels belonging to the first type are temporarily classified as corrupted pixels because their ROLD values are greater than T.All pixels belonging to the second and third types are temporarily regarded as uncorrupted pixels because their ROLD values are less than T.To improve the accuracy of noise evaluation in the exceeding-and adjacent-threshold regions,different strategies are adopted to conduct a second noise examination.Pixels in the exceeding-threshold region are further detected by exploiting the directional ROLD statistics.Before the directional statistics are calculated,45°,90°,135°and 180° directional templates are designed,and different templates are applied under different noise densities.Templates with 9 pixels are used in the lownoise environment,and templates with 25 pixels are used in the high-noise condition to limit the harmful impact of noise.The smallest among the four directional ROLD values is selected as a pixel's final directional ROLD.Whether a pixel is a real noise is decided by the relationship between directional ROLD and threshold T.When the selected directional statistic is less than the preset T,the present pixel is firmly regarded as false noise and deleted from the noise set.Pixels in the adjacent-threshold region are re-detected by applying the statistical information of rank-ordered neutrosophic indeterminacy.When the ranking order of a pixel's neutrosophic indeterminacy is in the first three places of the filtering window,the current pixel is reclassified as noise and removed from the noise-free set.During filtering,to enhance the weights of excellent pixels that possess low indeterminacy and high similarity,a new bilateral function is built based on the ROAD statistic and neutrosophic indeterminacy.The weight of a specific pixel is jointly determined by the value of ROAD and the degree of indeterminacy information.All pixels extracted as noises are restored by applying the new bilateral function,and an iterative filtering mechanism is used for denoising to achieve a satisfactory result.Result Experiments show that in the exceedingthreshold region,a number of edge pixels that have been incorrectly evaluated as noises in the first checking can be extracted,and the extraction ratio of these pixels is as high as 67％.In the adjacent-threshold region,about 91％ of the pixels whose statistical values are less than but close to the noise threshold can be re-extracted from noise-free set.The proposed double-side impulse noise detection algorithm not only reduces the sensitivity of the impulse noise threshold but also improves the validity of noise judgment.Under noise ratios fromn 10％ to 80％,the proposed algorithm is compared with seven other algorithms.The new method is the best among the algorithms in terms of PSNR,mean differences in PSNR and subjective quality.Conclusion The double-side impulse noise detection algorithm maximizes the use of the image directional characteristic and neutrosophic indeterminacy information during noise checking.It efficiently reduces the false rate in the exceeding-threshold region and the missed rate in the adjacent-threshold region.Therefore,many edge pixels are not damaged.The double-side detection algorithm significantly decreases the sensitivity of the noise threshold and enhances the correctness of noise detection.Furthermore,the new bilateral filter improves the accuracy of a pixel's weight by using two features to measure pixel similarity.In short,the proposed filter based on double-side impulse noise detection and a novel bilateral function fully considers uncertainty and directional information.The edges and details of the image are well protected and efficiently recovered.

To solve the contradiction of image denoising and detail-preserving under high-density salt-and-pepper noise, this paper proposes a Neutrosophy-Gray filter by using the fusion of indeterminacy information.It has a two-stage scheme:noise detecting and noise removing.In detecting stage,to improve the accuracy of noise detection,Max-Min algorithm is em-ployed firstly,then noise candidates are judged again by the dual criteria of Extreme-Compression-Grey-Correlation-Degree (ECGCD)and Ordered-Indeterminacy (OI).In filtering stage,the algorithm applies the multiplicative fusion of ECGCD and indeterminacy to measure the similarity of pixels,and a Neutrosophy-Gray adaptive weighted function is presented.Experi-ments show,for different images,the rates of noise eliminating change between 0.1%and 8.8%,and performances of denois-ing and detail-preserving of the proposed algorithm are superior to current filters even at high level noise (70%~90%).

Image indeterminacy has been neglected in most traditional filtering algorithms. This paper proposes a pixel-wise adaptive neutrosophic filter based on neutrosophic indeterminacy feature to remove high-level Salt-and-Pepper noise. In the proposed algorithm, the indeterminacy of a pixel is quantified by a Neutrosophic Set and innovatively exploited as an efficient characteristic of measuring the similarity of pixels. In order to adjust the smoothing parameter of the weight function pixel-wise adaptively, the uncertainty of a pixel is utilized as an indicator of image contents. Extensive experiments on numerous images demonstrate that with a 3 × 3 window, our method outperforms many existing denoising methods in terms of noise suppression and detail preservation.

原油含水率是原油产量核算的主要分析指标,在含水化验过程中,影响化验结果的因素较多,化验准确性容易受到不同程度的置疑,本文从技术操作、化验仪器、化验设备、人工取样等环节,对含水化验重复性、再现性较差的问题进行了分析,提出了提高含水化验准确性的建议.

Objective:In order to solve Medical Devices' disadvantages of abstract mechanism and high cost,the paper offered a virtual teaching system of Medical Devices.Methods:Taking WANGDAONG programmable X-ray machine as example and Visual Basic 6.0 and Keil C51 as development platforms,the virtual operator is designed by using Personal Computer,and the rotating anode's starting and delay,warming-up and exposure are stimulated in lower computer system.Results:By offering vivid operation images,the system stimulates the working principle and operation process of programmable X-ray machine,and achieves the perfect fusion of theoretical and experimental teaching.Conclusions:This scheme can be applied to other kinds of medical instruments.

Objective In order to make students really understand the working principle of the X-ray machine,and enhance the ability of project operating and comprehensive application,this paper introduces project-driven model to the teaching of X-ray machine.Methods According to the knowledge structure of the course,hierarchical progressive method is applied in the design of driving projects.Taking the teaching of programmable X-ray machine as the example,the design of the project and the project examination are discussed in detail.At last,a course examination model that the result of process examination and summative examination combined proportionally as the course score is proposed.Results Through several projects,students not only truly master the principle of X-ray machine,but also appreciate the fun of cross-use of subject knowledge.So project-driven model can greatly stimulate the interest in learning,and improve the learning initiative and innovation.Conclusion Project-driven teaching model plays a great role in promoting the teaching reform of X-ray machine and other medical imaging equipment.

Objective: High-frequency X-ray machines currently have no voice alarm function,which resulting in some inconvenience for its using and repairing.In order to improve the human-machine interaction ability,this paper presents the scheme of intelligent voice alarm.Methods: Super CPU 's idle resource is used on the base of no changing of the original high frequency machine.The scheme mainly apply Sing Chip Microcomputer 's P1-P3 pins to control the WT588D chip to complete the function of voice control by methods of three wire serial mode.In addition,25PXX FLASH data memory is used to store voice data and LM368 audio amplifier circuit is used to complete the voice broadcast.Results: The scheme with good voice quality is simple.It not only can visually complete the voice alarm function of high-frequency but also can extend more voice prompt content.Conclusions: This scheme can be applied to other kinds of X-ray machines and medical equipments.

A scheme is put forward in this paper of distributed control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC) and Profibus to solve the vast control scope, wiring complexity, high cost and maintenance inconvenience in coal mine Signal-Centralized-Locking System (SCLS). The implementation of controlling hardware is well discussed, and details of the configuration process are analyzed as well. The advantages of strong real-time capability, low coast and easy extensibility have been manifested in various applications of this system.

一、程控X线机复位电路的不足 FSK302-1A型程控X线机属于工频X线机,但由于采用了单片机控制技术,其自动化程度远高于普通常规X线机.在单片机控制电路中,复位电路非常重要,如果它不能可靠地工作,整个系统根本无法正常运行.复位包括上电复位和系统运行复位,所谓上电复位是指单片机得电后立即进入规定的初始状态;所谓运行复位是指系统非正常运行情况下的重新初始化.后者有手动复位和自动复位之分,FSK302-1 A型程控X线机采用的是手动复位.

On the basis of skill training and creative education of medical imaging equipment is important to the students major in Medical Imaging Equipment Management. Through reformation of teaching content and teaching method in medical imaging equipment experiment, we can improve student's basic skill and creative ability in experiment. So the adult students can be improved in basic skills of experiment and innovative quality to meet the needs in the new era.

In order to resolve the expansion problem of signal centralising and blocking system,a PLC monitoring network design scheme through double serial ports communication based on VB condition is presented in the paper.The software designing thoughts based on CNET and CCM protocols is discussed emphatically.Experiment proves that the system has good real-time characteristic and excellent scalability.

Objective: In order to solve the limits of programmable X equipment having no voice alarm function in the course of malfunction setting teaching, the paper proposes a method of designing a malfunction acquisition card. Methods: All signals needed are found from CPU boar on base of analyzing the principles of rotating anode, filament preheating, silicon controlled rectifier, hand switch signals, power fluctuation and fluoroscopy time, and the malfunction signals are acquired through acquisition card. The hardware of acquisition card includes ATA89C51, ISD4004 and interface circuit. The software includes the principle of recording addressing and voice alarm. Results: This scheme is simple and can heighten the efficient of teaching. Conclusions: This scheme can be applied to other kinds of programmable X equipment and high frequency X equipment

Objective: In order to solve X equipment's disadvantages of high cost and huge bulk during the courses of teaching and experiment, the paper offered a notion of virtual X equipment. Methods: The virtual operator was designed by using upper computer's ActiveX control based on VB and SQL database, and it can realize the setting and display of radiography parameters, the progresses of radiography and organic radiography. The lower computer system was designed to simulate rotating anode's starting and delay, warming-up and exposure. All parameters and commands were sent by means of communication between lower computer and supper computer. Results: The result of experiment shows that the virtual X equipment has advantages of complete function, lower cost and convenience. Conclusions: This scheme can be applied to other kinds of medical instruments.