研究背景 2019年,由国际糖尿病联盟(International Diabetes Federation,简称IDF)发布的最新数据可知,在2019年,全球糖尿病患病人数平均增长率为51％,其中约50％的糖尿病患者没有得到诊断治疗,约20％的糖尿病患者的年龄大于65岁,糖尿病的治疗费用约占糖尿病患者全年医疗费用的10％.

泰山医学院2017年对医学影像技术专业的培养方案进行了论证和修订,结合放射学院的专业优势,瞄准医疗机构对医学影像技术人才的需求,积极探索以医工结合为特色,培养知识复合型、高层次应用型医学影像技术人才培养模式,取得了阶段性研究成果.

Various methods for displaying medical images in neuroimaging informatics technology initiative (NIFTI) format,including multi-planar reconstruction,fusion of multi-planar functional and constructional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images,and three-dimensional reconstruction based brain effective connection network,were investigated,and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed.The results of simulation indicate that the multi-planar reconstruction is easily fulfilled to display functional or constructional brain images of different slices and angles.However,the spatial position of functional or constructional brain regions cannot be located using multi-planar reconstruction.The fusion of multi-planar functional and constructional MRI images can be used to locate the functional brain region in high-resolution MRI,which is helpful in the investigation of the function of brain regions,but cannot be used for the analysis of regional causality connectivity.The three-dimensional reconstruction based brain effective connection network,which is limited due to complex computation,can be used to analyze the nodal topological characteristics of causality connectivity network and the regional causality connectivity,and to explore the neuroimaging mechanism of some diseases.These methods mentioned above have their advantages and disadvantages and are used for displaying medical images in NIFTI format,with significant application in the study of brain function and effective connection network.

随着医学影像技术水平的不断提高,医学影像学已经成为发展最迅速、科技含量最高、应用最普遍的临床检查技术之一.泰山医学院通过承办全国医学影像技术实践技能大赛,对实践教学体系、实践教学平台、教师实践能力、学生学习创新能力、学院管理体系及各方面合作进行了探索,对医学影像技术专业创新人才培养模式进行了有益的尝试.实践证明,通过参加及举办技能比赛增强了实践教学体系软硬件的建设,加强了教师科研教学业务素质的提高,促进了学生实践动手能力的提高.

Objective To provide a novel edge detection algorithm which can effectively reduce noise and adaptively extract much edge information by improving traditional Kirsch edge detection method.Methods The background and random noises of images were firstly eliminated using fuzzy mathematical method and median filtering.And then 4 filtering masks were constructed based on the wavelet coefficients of cubic spline wavelet,and the filtering images and local maximum images were obtained.Finally,the edge images were obtained based on the local maximum images and the thresholds which were automatically selected using the maximum entropy algorithm.The edge images were further processed utilizing the edge tracing and noise eliminating methods.Results The improved Kirsch algorithm showed stronger resistance to noise than Kirsch method,with a signal-to-noise ratio increased by 8.67 dB compared with the average value.Conclusion By improving Kirsch algorithm,we introduce a novel edge detection method with stronger resistance to noise and better adaptive ability.

Objective The inherent uncertainty and randomness of a random-valued impulse result in the indeterminacy and sensibility of the noise threshold.Obtaining a robust noise threshold during noise reduction is therefore difficult because of these poor features.Moreover,the noise extraction efficiencies of algorithms used for random-valued impulse reduction are seriously affected.To improve the accuracy of noise detection,this study proposes an efficient double-side impulse noise detection algorithm based on the directional characteristic and neutrosophic indeterminacy information.Given that an accurate and effective weight function is important to the performance of a filter,a new bilateral filter based on neutrosophic indeterminacy and rank-ordered absolute difference (ROAD) statistic is constructed to strengthen the weights of pixels that are similar to the current pixel and restrain the influence of pixels with high indeterminacy.Method For noise detection,an adaptive function of noise threshold T is designed according to the relation between the performance of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and threshold T.The value of T can be automatically adjusted in this function according to the density of noise.After the values of the rank-ordered logarithmic difference (ROLD) and neutrosophic indeterminacy of each pixel are calculated,the pixels in the polluted image are divided into three types according to the relationship between the ROLD value and the threshold.The first type comprises exceeding-threshold pixels whose ROLD values are greater than or equal to threshold T.The second category comprises adjacent-threshold pixels whose ROLD values are equal to or greater than 0.8 T but less than T.The last category comprises security pixels that have ROLD values less than 0.8 T.All pixels belonging to these three types are roughly divided into noise and noise-free sets by using a switching strategy.Pixels belonging to the first type are temporarily classified as corrupted pixels because their ROLD values are greater than T.All pixels belonging to the second and third types are temporarily regarded as uncorrupted pixels because their ROLD values are less than T.To improve the accuracy of noise evaluation in the exceeding-and adjacent-threshold regions,different strategies are adopted to conduct a second noise examination.Pixels in the exceeding-threshold region are further detected by exploiting the directional ROLD statistics.Before the directional statistics are calculated,45°,90°,135°and 180° directional templates are designed,and different templates are applied under different noise densities.Templates with 9 pixels are used in the lownoise environment,and templates with 25 pixels are used in the high-noise condition to limit the harmful impact of noise.The smallest among the four directional ROLD values is selected as a pixel's final directional ROLD.Whether a pixel is a real noise is decided by the relationship between directional ROLD and threshold T.When the selected directional statistic is less than the preset T,the present pixel is firmly regarded as false noise and deleted from the noise set.Pixels in the adjacent-threshold region are re-detected by applying the statistical information of rank-ordered neutrosophic indeterminacy.When the ranking order of a pixel's neutrosophic indeterminacy is in the first three places of the filtering window,the current pixel is reclassified as noise and removed from the noise-free set.During filtering,to enhance the weights of excellent pixels that possess low indeterminacy and high similarity,a new bilateral function is built based on the ROAD statistic and neutrosophic indeterminacy.The weight of a specific pixel is jointly determined by the value of ROAD and the degree of indeterminacy information.All pixels extracted as noises are restored by applying the new bilateral function,and an iterative filtering mechanism is used for denoising to achieve a satisfactory result.Result Experiments show that in the exceedingthreshold region,a number of edge pixels that have been incorrectly evaluated as noises in the first checking can be extracted,and the extraction ratio of these pixels is as high as 67％.In the adjacent-threshold region,about 91％ of the pixels whose statistical values are less than but close to the noise threshold can be re-extracted from noise-free set.The proposed double-side impulse noise detection algorithm not only reduces the sensitivity of the impulse noise threshold but also improves the validity of noise judgment.Under noise ratios fromn 10％ to 80％,the proposed algorithm is compared with seven other algorithms.The new method is the best among the algorithms in terms of PSNR,mean differences in PSNR and subjective quality.Conclusion The double-side impulse noise detection algorithm maximizes the use of the image directional characteristic and neutrosophic indeterminacy information during noise checking.It efficiently reduces the false rate in the exceeding-threshold region and the missed rate in the adjacent-threshold region.Therefore,many edge pixels are not damaged.The double-side detection algorithm significantly decreases the sensitivity of the noise threshold and enhances the correctness of noise detection.Furthermore,the new bilateral filter improves the accuracy of a pixel's weight by using two features to measure pixel similarity.In short,the proposed filter based on double-side impulse noise detection and a novel bilateral function fully considers uncertainty and directional information.The edges and details of the image are well protected and efficiently recovered.

Objective:An image denoising algorithm with enhancement based on wavelets transform is discussed.Methods:After the image containing noises was wavelets transformed, the low frequency wavelet coefficients are equalized, and the high frequency wavelet coefficients are threshold processed.Results:This denoising method of wavelets transform based on histogram equalization effectively enhances the image and removes the Gauss noises.Conclusion:The results of this paper have some reference values for image denoising.

OBJECTIVES:To explore the changes and meaning of bilateral posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, precuneus, posterior cerebellum lobe to all the other parts of the whole brain for T2DM and T2DR patients.METHODS:The differences of functional connectivity strengthen expressed were calculated and analyzed between seed points to all the other parts of the whole brain after rs-fMRI scan by two sample t-test. Also The correlations of the functional connectivity with clinical parameters were discussed.RESULTS:The functional connectivity had changed between some seed points and other brain regions comparing T2DM to controls and T2DR to T2DM. The changed functional connectivity were also correlated with clinical parameters.CONCLUSIONS:The changed brain regions of T2DM and T2DR were relevant to emotion, memory, cognitive and visual control.

设计的智能康复护理床,是为瘫痪、长期卧床病人、年老体弱及失去自理能力者自我护理而设计的,具有翻身、起身、屈腿等功能,并配有便溺装置.该床安全舒适,操作简便,可减轻护理强度,防止褥疮等并发症,有利于患者的康复,是一种新型的医疗、护理设备.

Objective To investigate the possibility of applying transducer array in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction,and to compare the imaging results with those obtained with a single transducer.Methods After the centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric electrical conductivity models were established,the acoustic signals were collected with a single transducer and transducer array,and the acoustic source images were reconstructed,respectively.Results For the centrosymmetric or non-centrosymmetric electrical conductivity models,the reconstructed results obtained with transducer array were better than those obtained with a single acoustic transducer,and the adaptive performance of acoustic signals obtained with transducer array was better.Conclusion Transducer array is more suitable for the tissue models of various shapes,with clinical application value.

Objective:Using the wireless mobile communication technology and Internet technology, cloud platform to build maternal and infant health intelligent management.Methods:Using the J2EE technology based on B/S three-tier to build health intelligent management cloud platform. Vital signs parameters (such as blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rate, breathing, pulse, temperature, instantaneous heart rate of pregnant women, etc) achieved the real-time detection and wireless remote transmission.Results:Realized the digitization management of maternal health information, health records, health analysis; Through this platform to realize the consulting between the patient and doctor online.Conclusion:The Pregnant women can upload and download various vital signs parameters at any time to check the personal health analysis report through mobile phone client.

以“数字电子技术”课程为例,对适合电子类课程的研究型教学模式进行了研究,根据实际教学开展情况,总结了研究型教学模式具体的改革措施.改革方法以提高学生能力为目标,借助科学研究思路,通过问题引导学生学会思考,进而掌握所学专业知识,最终提高学习能力.调查结果显示,改革方法有利于提高教学质量,评价结果较好.而且通过一门课程的研究可带动多门同类课程教学质量的提高.

目的:利用无线移动通信技术及互联网技术,建立母婴监护智能分析系统.方法:结合现代互联网技术、数字图像处理技术、诊断技术,实现对孕妇各种生命体征参数(如心电、血压、血氧饱和度、脉搏、心率、呼吸、体温、孕妇的瞬时胎心率、宫缩压力、胎动等参数)的实时监测分析与无线远程传输.结果:实现了孕妇24h不间断远程监护及自动智能分析,不受空间地点限制,将医院内监护延伸进入家庭监护.结论:孕妇可以通过手机客户端,随时将监护数据传送到医院及指定专家客户端,实现监护信息的共享,查看健康分析报告.

Objective: To design a multi-function guide cane in the elderly and patients with leg disease for the various needs. Methods: Develope a multi-functional intelligent crutch through the global positioning system (GPS), voice guidance system, and rest, lighting and entertainment functions, combined with man-machine principle and circuit design and described by the local 3D simulation. Results:Multi-function guide crutch is fully functional, easy to carry, simple to operate, and has a non-slip stability, freely adjustable function, and the strong practical value. Conclusion:In the daily life of the elderly and patients with leg disease, multifunctional crutch can locate and provide voice guidance. It has the functions of rest when tired, light in the darkness, and entertainment in spare time and can timely solve the problems of getting lost, walking tired and boring.

目的:以伴有脑病的2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,检验其大脑功能网络是否具有小世界特性,并比较与正常人的差异是否有统计学意义.方法:采集17例糖尿病脑病患者与15例健康志愿者被试的功能磁共振数据,采用gretna软件包和spm8在matlab2010b平台上对数据进行预处理.利用解剖学自动标记模板将全脑划分为90个脑区,每个脑区代表1个节点,计算两两节点之间的Pearson相关系数,通过Fisher-z变换将90×90的矩阵变成Z矩阵.以矩阵稀疏度为阈值,将Z值转换为二值矩阵,矩阵稀疏度阈值取0.05～0.40,以0.01为步长,计算共16个阈值点上的小世界参数.结果:在0.05～0.40的网络稀疏度阈值范围内,糖尿病脑病组与正常对照组的γ、λ、σ、最短路径长度均随阈值增大而减少,两组同时满足小世界网络特性.糖尿病脑病组与正常对照组相比,y、σ值变大,λ变小,并且糖尿病脑病组最短路径长度变大,聚类系数变小,两组在整个阈值范围内的差异有统计学意义.结论:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病脑病患者脑网络虽然具有小世界特性,但与正常对照组相比发生了变化.

Objective: To solve the problem that patients who are transfusing can’t move at random, this article introduces a design of backpack transfusion equipment with automatic pinch-off device and the implement methods of each function module. Methods:Via a movable under-pan, two straps, the detection system of perpendicular medicine bottle, the design of a automatic pinch-off system, combining the man-machine principles and electromechanical design, we modeled a 3D simulation system. At last, we designed this portable transfusion device. Results:The equipment is comfortable and is convenient to wear and dismantle. And the use of two systems (the system that ensure medicine bottle perpendicular to the ground and automatic pinch-off system) ensure the security when patients are out. Conclusion:The structure and cost of this equipment is simple and low. It is convenient for patients sitting in the chair to assemble and place the equipment. Hospitals in each region can provide this equipment according to patient’s condition to arrange patients.

泰山医学院生物医学工程学专业作为山东省特色专业已经加入山东省"卓越计划".在新形势下如何深化"卓越计划"中的实践教学改革,是许多高校所面临的一个重要课题.文章结合实际,分析了泰山医学院生物医学工程专业实践教学存在的不足以及生物医学工程专业加入"卓越计划"后的发展要求,构建了有利于提升医学院校生物医学工程专业的学生工程素养,提高学生的工程实践、工程设计和工程创新能力的实践教学体系.

Modern medical imaging covers all medical area which display human organ and organization of General morphology information.for checking,the method include traditional radiation learning,ultrasound medical style,and CT,DSA,MRI,Gamma camera,SPECT,PET,DR,CR,Interventional Radiology,as well as method for treatment.Medical imaging include medicine,mathematics,physics,Informatics and other disciplines of interdisciplinary integration due to the diversity of medical imaging techniques.In 21st century,modern medical imaging technology should include information technology,computer technology and etal.So It is necessary to cultivate science,technology and medical interdisciplinary talent for improving medical security and service.This paper setting out from new window of medical imaging technology development,confers the necessary and urgency about the doctor in medical imaging technology in our country.This paper also gives some thoughts and suggeststions in principles of curriculum and training mode.

Objective: The paper mainly Studies using WLAN wireless network on the patients to monitor ECG image system. Methods: The use of labview software acquisition and processing ECG signals,when the heart disease patients are found in an emergency, sending alarm information,and sending the image of monitoring patients and ECG data through the Wlan wireless network to the community or hospital,making initial diagnosis and remote assistance on cardiac patients. Results: The results reveal that the software based onLabview can acquire ECG signals accurately;after adjustment for analog signal conditioning circuit,the circuit would process digital signals better and high-speed. Conclusion: The system has a very large flexibility based on Labview graphical programming, according to different requirements to adjust the signal processing strategies. The system is the ideal experimental platform as a new detection method of ECG.

Microcalcification clusters in mammograms are an important early sign of breast cancer. The enhancement of microcalcifications in mammograms is one of the most important preprocessing techniques for the extraction of cluster microcalcifications. In this paper, we present a novel method for the enhancement of microcalcifications. Firstly, the initial microcalcification edges were extracted by using kirsch edge operator, and the discontinouse edges were linked by employing fractal technique. Then, the continuous closed edges of microcalcifications were filled by using seed filling algorithm. The pixel values of the filled region were replaced by the corresponding pixel values in the original image. Finally, the enhancement of microcalcifications in mammograms was achieved by adding the filled image to the original image. We evaluated the performance of our algorithm by using 50 regions of interesting （ROIs） with microcalcification clusters from DDSM database. The experiment results demonstrate that our CAD system can give better enhancement effect compared with other methods.