Docetaxel (DTX) is the preferred chemotherapeutic drug for prostate cancer (Pca), but the emergence of resistance has significantly reduced its efficacy. Polyphyllin VII (PPVII), a small molecule natural product derived from the traditional herb Paris polyphylla, has shown anticancer potential. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of PPVII combined with DTX in treating Pca. DTX-sensitive DU-145 cells and DTX-resistant DU145/DTX cells were utilized for experiments in this study. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays, while apoptosis, cell cycles, and ferroptosis were analyzed through flow cytometry and Western blot. Mitochondrial function was evaluated using immunofluorescence. Additionally, the expression of proteins related to the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of the rapamycin/S6 kinase (AMPK/mTOR/S6K) signaling pathway was also examined to further investigate the underlying mechanisms. PPVII significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of DTX, reduced cell viability (p < 0.05), and promoted apoptosis (p < 0.05) and cell cycle arrest (p < 0.05). Specifically, PPVII increased the sensitivity of Pca cells to DTX by inducing ferroptosis and affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway played a crucial role in this process. This study revealed the synergistic effects and potential mechanisms of PPVII combined with DTX in Pca cells, and provided a reference for effectively overcoming DTX resistance in the clinical treatment of Pca.

Background: The association between MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and prostate cancer risk remains controversial.Methods: Two independent researchers searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases for all papers published up to 12/19/2023 and used various genetic models to evaluate the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.Results: The meta-analysis included 26 case‒control studies with a total of 12,455 cases and 13,900 controls with the C677T polymorphism and 6,396 cases and 8,913 controls with the A1298C polymorphism. Overall, no significant association was found between the MTHFR gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. However, the C677T polymorphism was associated with reduced prostate cancer risk in the Asian population (T allele vs. C allele: OR = 0.759, 95% CI 0.669–0.861, p < 0.001; TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 0.720, 95% CI 0.638–0.812, p < 0.001; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 0.719, 95% CI 0.617–0.838, p < 0.001; TT vs. CC: OR = 0.620, 95% CI 0.522–0.737, p < 0.001); however, the A1298C polymorphism was associated with an increased risk in the mixed race group from the United States (CC + AC vs. AA: OR = 1.464, 95% CI 1.052–2.037, p = 0.024; AC vs. AA: OR = 1.615, 95% CI 1.037–2.514, p = 0.034).Conclusion: The meta-analysis suggested that MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) may have different effects on prostate cancer risk in specific populations.

The aim of our study was to investigate the comparative outcomes of five different energy types on surgical efficacy and postoperative recovery in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. The literature was systematically reviewed on December 1st, 2023, encompassing studies retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases that incorporated clinical studies of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), Thulium:YAG laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuLEP), transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate (PKEP), diode laser enucleation of the prostate (DiLEP) and thulium fiber laser enucleation of the prostate (ThuFLEP) in the treatment of prostatic hyperplasia. Two independent reviewers extracted study data and conducted quality assessments using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Network meta-analysis (NMA) was employed to indirectly analyze the outcomes of endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) techniques. The study included a total of 38 studies, comprising 21 non-randomized controlled trials (nRCTs) and 17 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), incorporating five distinct techniques: holmium laser, Thulium:YAG laser, bipolar plasma, diode laser and thulium fiber laser. In comparing treatment durations, ThuLEP and HoLEP had shorter overall hospital stays than PKEP, while the enucleation time of ThuLEP and HoLEP was shorter than that of ThuFLEP. Moreover, the enucleation tissue weight of both thulium fiber laser and holmium laser was heavier than bipolar plasma. However, the analysis did not reveal any statistically significant variation in complications among the various types of enucleation. In postoperative follow-up, the IPSS at 3 months post-operation was superior in the Thulium:YAG laser group compared to the holmium laser group. The thulium fiber laser technique demonstrated significant advantages over other enucleation methods in terms of QoL and PVR at 12 months after surgery. Theoretical properties may vary among different energy sources; however, there are no discernible clinical differences in operation-related parameters, postoperative complications, and postoperative follow-up. Therefore, the choice of laser does not significantly impact the outcome. However, due to the limited number of included studies, future research should focus on larger sample sizes and multicenter investigations to further validate the findings of this study.

目的 分析肾乳头尖端CT衰减值与肾结石发生发展之间的相关性.方法 回顾性分析2020年8月—2022年7月于苏州大学附属第一医院接受住院治疗的草酸钙类肾结石患者100例,其中初次发作的结石患者(初发结石组)60例,结石复发的患者(复发结石组)40例,另选择同期健康检查者30例为对照组.使用平扫CT测量结石患者肾乳头尖端的CT衰减值并通过ROC曲线明确危险因素,进一步对结石患者的肾乳头尖端CT衰减值与24 h尿液代谢相关性进行分析.结果 初发结石组及复发结石组[34.92(IQR:3.84)、43.00(IQR:8.74)]肾乳头CT衰减值明显高于对照组[32.58(IQR:5.21)](P＜0.05).与初发结石组相比,复发结石组24 h尿液中枸橼酸含量降低、钙含量升高(P＜0.05).枸橼酸根离子和钙离子均与肾乳头CT衰减值变化具有相关性(P＜0.05).结论 肾乳头密度高的患者结石形成及复发的风险较高,肾乳头密度增加是结石产生及发展的一个预警信号,结石患者尿液中高钙和低枸橼酸对结石的发展具有一定影响,应考虑限制草酸钙结石患者钙的摄入并适当补充枸橼酸.

BACKGROUND:Accurately identifying uric acid stones is pivotal in determining the appropriate treatment strategy for patients. This study aimed to design an innovative nomogram to predict the occurrence of uric acid stones in the upper urinary tract.METHODS:This retrospective study examined 680 patients with urinary stones from October 2019 to September 2022. Risk factors were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression, leading to the development of a nomogram. This model's validity was then assessed internally using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).RESULTS:Our findings revealed that metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR) = 4.347, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.306-14.466, p = 0.017), serum urea levels (OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.143-2.002, p = 0.004), urinary pH (OR = 0.185, 95% CI 0.059-0.583, p = 0.004), urinary potassium (OR = 0.926, 95% CI 0.875-0.981, p = 0.009), and urinary calcium (OR = 0.693, 95% CI 0.492-0.977, p = 0.037) are independent factors for upper urinary tract uric acid stones. Utilizing the five variables, we developed a predictive nomogram. The AUC of the training cohort and the validation cohort were 0.917 (95% CI 0.871-0.963) and 0.914 (95% CI 0.850-0.978), respectively. Calibration curves indicated strong consistency in both cohorts, and the DCA revealed the model's clinical utility.CONCLUSIONS:We devised a reliable and user-friendly nomogram to predict uric acid stones in the upper urinary tract. It is based on metabolic syndrome, serum biochemical markers, and 24-hour urinary parameters. Key determinants include metabolic syndrome, serum urea, urinary pH, urinary potassium and urinary calcium.

Background: Increasing evidences show a clinical significance in the interaction between hypoxia and prostate cancer. However, reliable prognostic signatures based on hypoxia have not been established yet. Methods: We screened hypoxia-related gene modules by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and established a hypoxia-related prognostic risk score (HPRS) model by univariate Cox and LASSO-Cox analyses. In addition, enriched pathways, genomic mutations, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HPRS subgroups were analyzed and compared. HPRS was also estimated to predict immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy response. Results: A hypoxia-related 22-gene prognostic model was established. Furthermore, three independent validation cohorts showed moderate performance in predicting biochemical recurrence-free (BCR-free) survival. HPRS could be a useful tool in selecting patients who can benefit from ICB therapy. The CIBERSORT results in our study demonstrated that hypoxia might act on multiple T cells, activated NK cells, and macrophages M1 in various ways, suggesting that hypoxia might exert its anti-tumor effects by suppressing T cells and NK cells. Conclusion: Hypoxia plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. The hypoxia-derived signatures are promising biomarkers to predict biochemical recurrence-free survival and ICB therapy responses in patients with prostate cancer.

目的:比较国产一次性电子输尿管软镜和复用型电子输尿软镜治疗上尿路结石的安全性和有效性.方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月期间在苏州大学附属第一医院诊治的369例上尿路结石患者的临床资料,根据采用输尿管软镜类型将患者分为试验组及对照组.试验组采用国产斑马牌一次性电子输尿管软镜,对照组采用Storz复用型输尿管软镜,比较两组患者结石大小及CT值、肾积水比例、手术时间、结石清除率、手术前后实验室指标变化值、术后并发症等指标.结果:试验组与对照组患者年龄、性别、体质量指数、肾积水比例、结石位置、结石形态、结石CT值、结石长径、合并高血压病与糖尿病等差异均无统计学意义.试验组治疗上尿路结石手术时间更短、结石清除率更高,尤其治疗肾下盏结石,联合大功率摩西钬激光效果更好,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:采用国产一次性电子输尿管软镜与复用型电子输尿管软镜治疗上尿路结石具有相当的安全性与有效性.联合大功率摩西钬激光治疗肾下盏结石,效果优于复用型电子输尿管软镜.

The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) muscleblind-like 1 antisense RNA 1 (MBNL1-AS1) in the progression of Prostate cancer (PCa). MBNL1-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-181a-5p expression in PCa tissues and several human PCa cell lines were analyzed, respectively, using StarBasev3.0 project and RT-qPCR assay. After MBNL1-AS1 overexpression, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were, respectively, evaluated using CCK-8, colony formation, transwell and wound healing assays. Dual luciferase assay were used for analysis of the interactions among MBNL1-AS1, miR-181a-5p, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Subsequently, the expression of PTEN and proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling was examined using western blot analysis after transfection with miR-181a-5p mimic. The rescue assays were performed to investigate the effects of MBNL1-AS1 and miR-181a-5p on the functions of PCa cells and the expression of PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling by co-transfection with MBNL1-AS1 plasmid and miR-181a-5p mimic. Results indicated that MBNL1-AS1 was conspicuously downregulated while miR-181a-5p upregulating in PCa tissues and cell lines. MBNL1-AS1 overexpression decreased the abilities of cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Further study revealed that MBNL1-AS1 acted as a sponge for miR-181a-5p and positively regulated PTEN by a sponge effect. Additionally, rescue assays proved that the effect of MBNL1-AS1-upregulation on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of PCa cells was dependent on miR-181a-5p. Furthermore, miR-181a-5p overexpression counteracted the expression of PTEN and proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling exerted by MBNL1-AS1-upregulation in PCa cells. This study suggests that MBNL1-AS1 inhibits the progression of PCa via sponging miR-181a-5p and regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

MTDH is overexpressed in many malignant tumors and is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of the knockdown of the MTDH gene on the proliferation and metastasis of human bladder cancer in T24 cells. shRNA plasmids targeting MTDH were constructed and transfected into T24 cells. The effects of gene silencing were confirmed by qPCR (Quantitative real-time PCR) and Western blotting. An MTT assay was used to determine the effects of MTDH on the proliferation of the T24 cells. The cell apoptosis rate was determined using Hoechst 33342. We additionally determined the expressions of caspase-3, JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) 1, P-JAK1, STAT (Signal transducers and activators of transcription) 3, P-STAT3, and MTDH using Western blotting, and the secretions of the tumor invasion-related proteins (MMP2 and MMP9) were determined using ELISA. The results showed that MTDH RNAI was constructed and transfected into the T24 cells successfully. Compared to the control groups, the MTDH, P-JAK1, and P-STAT3 proteins were reduced significantly, but the level of caspase-3 was clearly increased in the MTDH RNAI groups. Cell apoptosis was significantly increased in the MTDH RNAI groups. The secretions of MMP2 and MMP9 were decreased, and the cells' ability to proliferate and invade decreased significantly after MTDH RNAI was transfected into the T24 cells. In conclusion, we constructed an shRNA plasmid targeting MTDH, and it was successfully transfected into T24 cells. The knockdown of MTDH expression may inhibit proliferation and invasion via the JAK1/STAT3 pathway in T24 cells. Therefore, MTDH may be a new target for the genetic treatment of human bladder cancer.

目的 :评价斜仰截石位输尿管软镜下钬激光切开内引流治疗肾囊性疾病的治疗方法与安全性.方法 :回顾性分析2013年3月 ～2018年1月间收治的32例肾囊性疾病患者的临床资料.男19例,女13例,年龄23～71岁,平均45.7岁,其中单纯肾囊肿16例,肾盂旁囊肿13例,肾盏憩室3例.囊腔平均直径为5.4 cm(4.5～11.0 cm),2例肾盏憩室合并结石,1例合并钙乳,结石平均直径为1.1 cm(0.8～1.4 cm).术前行静脉肾盂造影或CT尿路造影检查,常规留置输尿管支架两周,全麻后取斜仰截石位行输尿管软镜下钬激光切开内引流术,术中用钬激光将向肾脏集合系统膨出的菲薄囊壁或者憩室颈部切开,留置双J管持续内引流.结果 :32例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间为52.3 min(30～85 min)、平均住院时间为5.2 d(4～7 d),无术后延迟性大出血 、尿源性脓毒血症 、输尿管穿孔 、肾功能损害等严重并发症,术后随访6～24月,25例囊腔消失,7例囊腔较术前明显缩小,其中3例肾盏憩室的囊腔均萎缩消失,症状缓解,结石钙乳均清除.结论 :在依据影像学准确评估和制定合理治疗措施的前提下,斜仰截石位输尿管软镜下钬激光切开内引流治疗肾囊性疾病是安全有效的方法.

OBJECTIVES:In our previous study, we displayed that knockdown of Opa interacting protein 5 (OIP5) inhibited cell growth, disturbed cell cycle and increased cell apoptosis in bladder cancer (BC) cell line. Our present study aimed to explore the underlying pathways and interaction network involved in the roles of OIP5 in BC. METHODS:Microarray analysis was conducted to obtain mRNA expression profiling of OIP5 knockdown (shOIP5) and control (shCtrl) BC cell lines. Bioinformatics analyses were performed including differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) identification, protein-protein interaction network construction, biological functions of prediction and ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA). Western Blotting (WB) was subjected to validate the protein expression levels of candidate DEGs in shOIP5 BC cell line. RESULTS:Respective 255 up- and 184 down-regulated DEGs were identified in shOIP5 group compared with shCtrl group. In the PPI network, CAND1 and MYC had the highest connectivity with DEGs. 439 DEGs were significantly enriched in inflammatory response, regulation of cell proliferation, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and bladder cancer. In the disease and function enrichment, DEGs were obviously involved in cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation, cancer, inflammatory response, cell death and survival. In the OIP5 regulatory network, CDH2, IRS1, IRAK3, ID1, TNF, IL6, ITGA6, MYC and SOD2 interacted with OIP5. The WB validation results were compatible with our bioinformatics analyses. CONCLUSIONS:OIP5 interaction network might function as an oncogene in BC progression based on aberrant inflammatory responses. Our study might provide valuable information for investigation of tumorigenesis mechanism in BC.

Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are thought to be involved in several biological processes in carcinomas. The aim of this study is to evaluate the roles of lncRNA-XIST in the tumorigenicity of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells via the miR-302c/ SDC1 axis. In this study, the expression levels of miR-302c and XIST in RCC tissues and cells were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT and colony formation assays, and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The interaction between XIST and miR-302c was analyzed using a luciferase reporter gene assay. RCC tissues and cells exhibited decreased miR-302c expression and increased lncRNA-XIST expression. Furthermore, XIST negatively regulated miR-302c by directly binding regulatory sites in RCC cells. In addition, XIST silencing with siRNAs significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of 786-O and Caki-1 cells. Knockdown of Syndecan-1 (SDC1), a miR-302c target gene, yielded similar results as XIST silencing. In summary, XIST regulated the development and progression of RCC by inhibiting the miR302c/SDC1 axis.

Objective To explore the value of ultrasonography,tumor molecular markers combined with frozen section examination(FSE)in the surgical options for patients with testicular tumor. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 51 cases of testicular tumor from August 2008 to December 2014. Results In 51 patients with testicular tumors,21 cases accept radical orchiectomy due to preoperative ultrasonography and tumor molecular markers both suggesting malignant,which was verified by postoperative pathology.5cases without evidence of malignancy by preoperative ultrasonography and testicular tumor marker accept the testicular partial resection.Among the remaining 25 cases,either preoperative ultrasonography or tumor molecular marker suggested testicular malignant tumor,so that the groin incision was chosen and FSE was performed.22 cases accept radical orchiectomy because of FSE suggesting malignant,1case accept simple orchiectomy because of tuberculosis,and 2cases accept partial orchiectomy because of benign tumor(1case of hamartoma and 1case of angiofibroma). Conclusions Ultrasonography,tumor molecular markers combined with FSE can be more accurate in the diagnosis of testicular tumors.It can provide basis and support for selecting the reasonable operation method of testicular tumors.Therefore,the combination of three diagnosis strategies can decrease unnecessary injury to testicle and spare testicular tissue.

ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate appropriate treatment for patients with symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi, by comparing the therapeutic outcomes for those undergoing minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (F-URS).MethodsFrom March 2009 to May 2014, 36 consecutive patients with caliceal diverticular calculi were divided into 2 groups: 21 patients underwent MPCNL, and 15 were treated by F-URS. All procedures were performed by one surgical group, which ensured relatively constant parameters. Patient characteristics, operative time, hospital stay after surgery, stone-free rate, symptomatic improvement rate, complications, diverticular obliteration, and stone composition were analyzed retrospectively in the 2 groups.ResultsPatient preoperative variables were comparable between the two groups, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Mean operative time was 136.9 ± 22.8 min in the MPCNL group and 117.3 ± 24.3 min in the F-URS group (P = 0.019). Hospital stay was significantly longer in the MPCNL group than in the F-URS group (9.4 ± 3.1 vs. 6.9 ± 2.1 days, P = 0.010). The stone-free rates after MPCNL and F-URS were 90.5% (19/21) and 60.0% (9/15), respectively (P = 0.046). Additionally, 71.4% (15/21) of patients in the MPCNL group and 46.7% (7/15) of patients in the F-URS group had symptomatic improvement at the 6-month follow-up (P = 0.175); the rates of complications in the 2 groups were 19.0% (4/21) and 13.3% (2/15), respectively (P = 0.650). Complete diverticular obliteration was achieved in 16 (76.2%) cases in the MPCNL group and 5 (33.3%) cases in the F-URS group (P = 0.017). The distributions of calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite in the stones were 66.7% (14/21) and 33.3% (7/21), respectively, in the MPCNL group; however, the distributions in the F-URS group were 46.7% (7/15) and 53.3% (8/15), respectively (P = 0.310).ConclusionMPCNL is an effective method for the treatment of caliceal diverticular calculi. However, F-URS is an alternative technique in selected patients with a patent infundibulum, despite lower stone-free rates than with MPCNL. Fulguration of the diverticular lining with a high-power holmium laser and permitting the cavity to collapse are useful to increase the chance of diverticular obliteration.

目的 观察排石颗粒联合萘哌地尔与单纯应用萘哌地尔治疗输尿管下段结石疗效及安全性.方法 采用随机、单盲、对照的研究方法,将2014年7～12月于我院门诊就诊的156例直径0.5～1 cm的输尿管下段结石患者,根据随机数字表法分为两组,联合组(排石颗粒联合萘哌地尔)78例,单一组(单纯给予萘哌地尔)78例.随访2周,观察两组患者排石率、结石排出时间及不良反应的发生情况.结果 联合组结石排出52例(66.7％),单一组结石排出50例(64.1％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);联合组结石排出时间为(5.1±2.3)d,单一组结石排出时间为(7.2±3.1)d,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 排石颗粒联合萘哌地尔治疗输尿管下段结石能明显缩短结石排出时间,效果优于单用萘哌地尔.

Background: The diagnostic value of current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests is challenged by the poor detection rate of prostate cancer (PCa) in repeat prostate biopsy. In this study, we proposed a novel PSA-related parameter named PSA density variation rate (PSADVR) and designed a clinical trial to evaluate its potential diagnostic value for detecting PCa on a second prostate biopsy. Methods: Data from 184 males who underwent second ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy 6 months after the first biopsy were included in the study. The subjects were divided into PCa and non-PCa groups according to the second biopsy pathological results. Prostate volume, PSA density (PSAD), free-total PSA ratio, and PSADVR were calculated according to corresponding formulas at the second biopsy. These parameters were compared using t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test between PCa and non-PCa groups, and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to evaluate their predictability on PCa detection. Results: PCa was detected in 24 patients on the second biopsy. Mean values of PSA, PSAD, and PSADVR were greater in the PCa group than in the non-PCa group (8.39 μg/L vs. 7.16 μg/L, 0.20 vs. 0.16, 14.15% vs. −1.36%, respectively). PSADVR had the largest area under the curve, with 0.667 sensitivity and 0.824 specificity when the cutoff was 10%. The PCa detection rate was significantly greater in subjects with PSADVR >10% than PSADVR ≤10% (28.6% vs. 6.5%, P< 0.001). In addition, PSADVR was the only parameter in this study that showed a significant correlation with mid-to-high-risk PCa (r = 0.63, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that PSADVR improved the PCa detection rate on second biopsies, especially for mid-to-high-risk cancers requiring prompt treatment.

The purpose of this article is to research on whether MACC1 can serve as a potential target for gene therapy of human bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). In this study, the expression of MACC1 gene was knocked down by RNA interference (RNAi) in the T24 cell (human BUC cell). The transcription level of MACC1 was detected by RT-PCR. Activities of MACC1, caspase-3, caspase-8, Bax and Met (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) protein were measured by Western blot. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry. The cell's invasion ability was performed on Matrigel transwell assay. We also detect MMP2 (metalloproteinase-2) proteins by ELISA. The results showed that the level of MACC1 mRNA and protein was significantly reduced after RNAi. MTT assay showed that the proliferation of T24 cell was decreased due to RNA interference. Apoptosis studies also showed that MACC1 gene interference in T24 loses its anti-apoptotic effects. The expression of apoptosis proteins (Caspase-3, Caspase-8 and Bax) increased significantly due to the MACC1 RNAi. The level of Met protein was down-regulated obviously due to RNAi. Transwell assay showed that invasion abilities of T24 cells were reduced obviously due to MACC1 RNAi. Further studies showed that the secretion of MMP-2 was reduced by RNAi. It can conclude that the ability of proliferation and invasion in T24 cells can be inhibited by RNAi-targeting MACC1. As a result, MACC1 can serve as a potential target for gene therapy of human bladder urothelial carcinoma.

Osteopontin (OPN), a secreted acid glycoprotein with a variety of functions, promotes tumor proliferation, differentiation, invasion and metastasis. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether OPN may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human bladder cancer. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed to downregulate the expression of the OPN gene in T24 human bladder cancer cells. The mRNA and protein expression levels of OPN following RNAi were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, the cell cycle progression, apoptosis and proliferation were investigated using by flow cytometric analysis and MTT assay. The cell invasion ability was measured using a Matrigel transwell assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of OPN were found to be significantly downregulated following RNAi. The proliferation and invasion of T24 cells were significantly inhibited in vitro. In conclusion, RNAi‑targeting OPN may inhibit the proliferation, invasion and tumorigenicity of human bladder cancer cells. Therefore, OPN may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human bladder cancer.

Objective To investigate the differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA) in serums of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and prostate cancer patients in different clinical stages by using miRNA microarray and confirm the relationship between those miRNAs and prostate cancer.Methods Serums from 23 patients with BPH and 46 patients with prostate cancer,including 23 cases with androgen-dependent prostate cancer and 23 cases with androgen-independent prostate cancer,were collected from Sep.2008 to Nov.2013.Cases with BPH were pathologically diagnosed after TURP,and cases with prostate cancer were confirmed by prostate needle biopsy.3 samples were randomly selected from each group,and a total of 9 samples were used for determining miRNA expression by miRNA microarray chip.Data analysis was performed to select significant difference of miRNA expression profile in prostate cancer,and the difference was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis on another 60 samples.Results 9 serum samples (3 cases of ADPC,3 cases of AIPC and 3 cases of BPH) were carried out miRNA microarray analysis and screened 31 differentially expressed miRNAs in three groups.8 aberrant miRNAs were detected in ADPC group in comparison to BPH group,including 7 upregulated and 1 downregulated miRNAs.9 upregulated and 6 downregulated miRNAs were detected in AIPC group in comparison to BPH group.Particularly,miR-181a-2 was simultaneously aberrantly expressed in ADPC group and AIPC group.In addition,4 upregulated and 4 downregulated miRNAs were detected in AIPC group in comparison to ADPC group.Ultimately,the different expression levels of miR-29a,miR-181a-2,let-7b,miR-l4,miR-134,miR-15b,miR-491-3p,and miR495 were confirmed by Real-time qPCR,suggesting the high reliability of miRNA array.Conclusions The differentially expressed miRNA in serum might have diagnostic potential and be seen as therapeutic targets in human prostate cancer.Interesting,miR-181a-2 might anticipate in the progression of prostate cancer.

随着科学技术的发展，泌尿外科传统的开放性手术已逐渐被腔镜所替代，腔内泌尿外科的发展及医疗环境的复杂，使得学生动手机会越来越少。而医学又是一门需要不断实践的学科，为了解决这一临床教学矛盾，我们引入了计算机模拟操作训练系统。这个系统为一些临床技能的训练提供了途径，使用模型和计算机来进行反复的练习，保证了患者的安全，提高了学生实践能力，最终提升教学了质量。